CN109170211A - A method of improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility - Google Patents
A method of improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility Download PDFInfo
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- CN109170211A CN109170211A CN201811200757.XA CN201811200757A CN109170211A CN 109170211 A CN109170211 A CN 109170211A CN 201811200757 A CN201811200757 A CN 201811200757A CN 109170211 A CN109170211 A CN 109170211A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility, belong to technical field of animal.The method for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility, comprising the following steps: agricultural crop straw, corn flour and water are mixed, stalk wet feed is obtained；The water content of the stalk wet feed is 48%~52%；By the stalk wet feed under the conditions of 160~200 DEG C 18~24s of extruding.Agricultural crop straw is destroyed agricultural crop straw part cell wall (cellulose, hemicellulose etc.) ingredient by high temperature extrusion extruding under the action of corn flour, intermolecular hydrogen bond, ehter bond and ester bond etc. are broken and are gelatinized, microorganism, enzyme is set to be easier the agricultural crop straw after degradation extruding, to reduce the content of cellulose and hemicellulose in agricultural crop straw.The material of above method preparation can be as the raw material of animal feed deep processing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of animal, and in particular to a kind of side for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility
Method.
Background technique
China is large agricultural country, and rice, wheat and corn are the wider important cereal crops of China's cultivated area.China year
About more than 600,000,000 tons of crop material of production, but the negligible amounts as feed, cause the very big wasting of resources.Currently, domestic and foreign scholars mention
The nutritive value of high stalk reduces transportation cost, improves palatability and absorptivity rate.
Currently, the processing and treating method of agricultural crop straw is handled by deep processing, for example, using having biochemical and biology
The compound formulation of active matter carries out fermented stalk, increases mycoprotein by the mass propagation of natural beneficial bacterium, and has and inhibit miscellaneous
Bacterium growth, coarse-fibred effect of degrading can greatly improve the available nutrient and biological value of stalk；In addition directly with farming
Object stalk is raw material, is fermented using the artificial culture bacterial strain with biologic specificity, and cellulose in agricultural crop straw is reduced
Content, increase the content of protein, improve the utilization rate for improving feed while supporting rouge animal palatability.But depth is fermented
Method tend to rely on bioactive substance or specific strains and complete, it is limited to make processing method, while directly with crops
Stalk is that raw material causes feed degradation to be not thorough, and causes the very big wasting of resources, is unfavorable for realizing the feeding of extensive agricultural crop straw
Material conversion.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, having the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility
Feature applied widely and that agricultural crop straw digestibility is high.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of methods for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility, comprising the following steps:
(1) agricultural crop straw, corn flour and water are mixed, obtains stalk wet feed；The water content of the stalk wet feed is
48%~52%；
(2) by the stalk wet feed under the conditions of 160~200 DEG C 18~24s of extruding.
Preferably, the sequence mixed in the step (1) is first to mix agricultural crop straw and water, obtains wet crops
Stalk is mixed with corn flour again.
Preferably, the mass ratio of agricultural crop straw described in the step (1) and corn flour is 1.5~3:1.
Preferably, agricultural crop straw includes ensiling agricultural crop straw in the step (1)；The ensiling agricultural crop straw
Water content is 35%~45%.
Preferably, the agricultural crop straw is straw, wheat stalk, corn stover or broomcorn straw.
Preferably, the water content of stalk wet feed is 50% in the step (1).
Preferably, the temperature of extruding is 170~190 DEG C in the step (2).
Preferably, the temperature of extruding is 180 DEG C in the step (2).
Preferably, the time of extruding is 20s in the step (2).
The present invention provides a kind of methods for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility, the benefit mainly in corn flour presence
It is realized with the mode of hot extruding, as swelling temperature increases, the amount of water in stalk wet feed enters corn flour starch crystallite
Gap makes amylum body be expanded to 50~100 times of original volume, causes amylum body to disintegrate, starch gelatinization；Under the action of corn flour
Agricultural crop straw breaks agricultural crop straw part cell wall (cellulose, hemicellulose etc.) ingredient by high temperature extrusion extruding
Bad, intermolecular hydrogen bond, ehter bond and ester bond etc. are broken and are gelatinized, and microorganism, enzyme is made to be easier the crops after degradation extruding
Stalk, to reduce the content of cellulose and hemicellulose in agricultural crop straw.Experiments have shown that: corn flour and agricultural crop straw are total
Same expanding treatment, the material before material ratio extruding after extruding measure through Vitro Digestibility, have and significantly improve, while comparing reality
Only agricultural crop straw passes through extruding in testing, and digestibility aspect does not have significant changes, this table to the stalk material before and after extruding in vitro
The content of cellulose and hemicellulose can be effectively reduced in the bright method provided by the invention for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility,
Convenient for the application in terms of subsequent animal feed deep processing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the swollen preceding stalk surfaces externally and internally structural scan electron microscope of straw heat, and wherein Fig. 1-a is outside the swollen preceding straw stalk of heat
Surface texture scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, Fig. 1-b are the swollen preceding straw stalk inner surface structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of heat；
Fig. 2 is stalk surfaces externally and internally structural scan electron microscope after straw heat is swollen, wherein wherein Fig. 2-a is straw stem after heat is swollen
Stalk outer surface structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, Fig. 2-b are straw stalk inner surface structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph after heat is swollen；
Fig. 3 is the swollen rear blade surfaces externally and internally structural scan electron microscope of straw heat, and wherein Fig. 3-a is outside the swollen preceding straw blade of heat
Surface texture scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, Fig. 3-b are the swollen preceding straw leaflet inner faces structural scan electron microscope of heat；
Fig. 4 is the swollen rear blade surfaces externally and internally structural scan electron microscope of straw heat, and wherein Fig. 4-a is outside the swollen preceding straw blade of heat
Surface texture scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, wherein Fig. 4-b is straw leaflet inner faces structural scan electron microscope after heat is swollen.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of methods for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility, comprising the following steps:
(1) agricultural crop straw, corn flour and water are mixed, obtains stalk wet feed；The water content of the stalk wet feed is
48%~52%；
(2) by the stalk wet feed under the conditions of 160~200 DEG C 18~24s of extruding.
The present invention mixes agricultural crop straw, corn flour and water, obtains stalk wet feed；The water content of the stalk wet feed is
48%~52%.
In the present invention, the agricultural crop straw preferably includes ensiling agricultural crop straw；The ensiling agricultural crop straw
Water content is preferably 35%~45%, and more preferably 40%.The agricultural crop straw is preferably straw, wheat stalk, corn stalk
Stalk or broomcorn straw.The agricultural crop straw is preferably crushed.The length of agricultural crop straw is preferably 1~3cm after crushing, more
Preferably 2cm.The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the corn flour, using corn flour known in the art.
In the present invention, the mixed sequence preferably first mixes agricultural crop straw and water, obtains wet crops
Stalk is mixed with corn flour again.The order by merging is conducive to for corn flour being uniformly adhered on agricultural crop straw, so as to swollen
The material digestibility for changing processing is uniform.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the agricultural crop straw and corn flour is preferably 1.5~3:1, and more preferably 1.5:
1。
In the present invention, the additive amount of the water is not particularly limited, and the water content of the stalk wet feed is made to reach 50%
?.The measuring method of the water content of the stalk wet feed is oven drying method.
After obtaining stalk wet feed, the present invention 18~24s of extruding under the conditions of 160~200 DEG C by the stalk wet feed.
In the present invention, the temperature of the extruding is preferably 170~190 DEG C, and more preferably 180 DEG C.The extruding when
Between preferably 20s.The pressure of the extruding is 5MPa.The extruding is not particularly limited with instrument, and use is known in the art
Extruding instrument.In embodiments of the present invention, the extruding is the stalk of Danyang Zhong Wei Science and Technology Ltd. with instrument
Expanded feed equipment, the major parameter of the straw feed bulking equipment: screw diameter: 160mm；Power of motor: 37Kw；Production
Efficiency: 0.5t/h.
The material obtained by above-mentioned processing, can be deep as animal feed since cellulose or hemicellulose level reduce
The raw material of processing.
It is detailed to a kind of method progress for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility provided by the invention below with reference to embodiment
Thin explanation, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The rice straw silage of the original moisture content 40.31% of 5kg is weighed first, and a small amount of moisture is sprayed on rice straw silage to be made
It is wet, adds corn flour 2.0kg according still further to the ratio that the mass ratio of straw dry weight and corn flour is 1.5:1, is added with water to
Water content 50% obtains stalk material；
Bulking machine is set as 180 DEG C of preheating 30min, and the stalk material of above-mentioned preparation is placed in 20s in bulking machine.By extruding
Material afterwards carries out the measurement of Electronic Speculum observation and Vitro Digestibility respectively.The measuring method of Vitro Digestibility is pepsin-fibre
The plain enzyme two-step method of dimension (articles of reference: the research of straw Forage quality and culm morphology feature, Dong Chenfei, Acta Prataculture, 2013
August, the 4th phase of volume 22,83~88.).It is that control carries out Electronic Speculum observation and Vitro Digestibility respectively with the stalk material before extruding
Measurement.
Electronic Speculum observes the result is shown in Figure 1 and Fig. 2.Wherein Fig. 1 is the swollen preceding stalk surfaces externally and internally structural scan electron microscope of straw heat,
Wherein Fig. 1-a is the swollen preceding straw stalk outer surface structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of heat, and Fig. 1-b is the swollen preceding straw stalk inner surface structure of heat
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph.Fig. 2 is stalk surfaces externally and internally structural scan electron microscope after straw heat is swollen, wherein wherein Fig. 2-a is rice after heat is swollen
Grass blade stalk outer surface structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, Fig. 2-b are straw stalk inner surface structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph after heat is swollen.Fig. 3 is rice
The careless swollen rear blade surfaces externally and internally structural scan electron microscope of heat, wherein Fig. 3-a is the swollen preceding straw blade outer surface structural scan electricity of heat
Mirror figure, Fig. 3-b are the swollen preceding straw leaflet inner faces structural scan electron microscope of heat；Fig. 4 is the swollen rear blade surfaces externally and internally knot of straw heat
Structure scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph, wherein Fig. 4-a is the swollen preceding straw blade outer surface structural scan electron microscope of heat, and wherein Fig. 4-b is after heat is swollen
Straw leaflet inner faces structural scan electron microscope.
By before and after extruding stalk and blade in toward outer surface structure heat it is swollen after there is extensive disruption, to original
Mechanical structure damages, and wherein the extent of the destruction of inner surface is better than outer surface, is conducive to digestive juice and contacts with digestible substance,
To improve straw digestibility.
Embodiment 2
The rice straw silage of the original moisture content 40.31% of 5kg is weighed first, and a small amount of moisture is sprayed on rice straw silage to be made
It is wet, adds corn flour 1.5kg according still further to the ratio that the mass ratio of straw dry weight and corn flour is 2:1, is added with water to and contains
Water 48% obtains stalk material；
Bulking machine is set as 160 DEG C of preheating 30min, and the stalk material of above-mentioned preparation is placed in 18s in bulking machine.By extruding
Material afterwards carries out the measurement of Vitro Digestibility.The measuring method of Vitro Digestibility is the same as embodiment 1.With the stalk material before extruding
The measurement of Vitro Digestibility is carried out for control point.
Embodiment 3
The rice straw silage of the original moisture content 40.31% of 5kg is weighed first, and a small amount of moisture is sprayed on rice straw silage to be made
It is wet, adds corn flour 1.0kg according still further to the ratio that the mass ratio of straw dry weight and corn flour is 3:1, is added with water to and contains
Water 52% obtains stalk material；
Bulking machine is set as 200 DEG C of preheating 30min, and the stalk material of above-mentioned preparation is placed in the 24s time in bulking machine.It will
Material after extruding carries out the measurement of Vitro Digestibility.The measuring method of Vitro Digestibility is the same as embodiment 1.With the stalk before extruding
Material is the measurement that control carries out Vitro Digestibility.
Comparative example 1
The rice straw silage of original moisture content 40.31% is added with water to 50%, individually carries out hot extruding, method is the same as implementation
Example 1.
Comparative example 2
Corn flour is added with water to 50%, individually carries out hot extruding, method is the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
The rice straw silage of the original moisture content 40.31% of 5kg is weighed first, and a small amount of moisture is sprayed on rice straw silage to be made
It is wet, adds corn flour 2.0kg according still further to the ratio that the mass ratio of straw dry weight and corn flour is 1.5:1, is added with water to
Water content 45% obtains stalk material；
Bulking machine is set as 180 DEG C of preheating 30min, and the stalk material of above-mentioned preparation is placed in the 20 second time in bulking machine.
Material after extruding is carried out to the measurement of Electronic Speculum observation and Vitro Digestibility respectively.The measuring method of Vitro Digestibility is stomach cardia
Enzyme-cellulase two-step method.It is the measurement that control carries out Electronic Speculum observation and Vitro Digestibility respectively with the stalk material before extruding.
There is the cigarette burnt to emerge when as a result, it has been found that stalk material is through overheating swollen cabin, normal puffed material can not be obtained.
The measurement result of the Vitro Digestibility of Examples 1 to 3 is shown in Table 1.
The variation of digestibility before and after the material extruding prepared in 1 Examples 1 to 3 of table and comparative example 1~2
Note: 1, it is significant to represent the level difference of p < 0.05 for same row difference lowercase；
2, * * indicates related coefficient up to 0.01 level of signifiance, and NS indicates that related coefficient difference is not significant.
As shown in Table 1, the rice straw silage that comparative example 1, i.e. moisture content are 50% is on the swollen rear digestibility of heat is by 42.11%
It is upgraded to 43.61%, but variance analysis difference is not significant (P > 0.05).The extremely significant raising of the swollen front and back digestibility of corn flour heat (P <
0.01), 87.40% is risen to by 58.33%.Digestibility is significantly increased (P < 0.05) after addition corn flour heat is swollen, wherein beautiful
Mixed material digestibility highest, embodiment 2 are taken second place after the additive amount (embodiment 1) of rice flour and straw dry matter ratio 1:1.5 heat are swollen,
Embodiment 3 is minimum.But according to the digestibility of mixed material, the digestibility after corn flour heat is swollen and the ratio with straw dry matter,
Converse embodiment 1 rice straw silage heat it is swollen after digestibility be 50.43%, 2 rice straw silage digestibility of embodiment is upgraded to
49.83%, 3 rice straw silage digestibility of embodiment is upgraded to 51.27%, rice straw silage digestibility after embodiment 1 rice straw silage heat is swollen
Highest, three be significantly higher than control group do not add corn flour rice straw silage heat it is swollen after digestibility (P < 0.05).This shows to add
Add corn flour that can effectively improve the digestibility of rice straw silage, wherein with the effect highest of 3 corn flour additive amount of embodiment, i.e. corn
The dry matter of powder and rice straw silage ratio is 1:3.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for improving agricultural crop straw Vitro Digestibility, which comprises the following steps:
(1) agricultural crop straw, corn flour and water are mixed, obtains stalk wet feed；The water content of the stalk wet feed be 48%~
52%；
(2) by the stalk wet feed under the conditions of 160~200 DEG C 18~24s of extruding.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the sequence mixed in the step (1) is first by crops
Stalk and water mixing obtain wet agricultural crop straw and mix again with corn flour.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that agricultural crop straw and corn flour in the step (1)
Mass ratio is 1.5~3:1.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein agricultural crop straw includes ensiling farming in the step (1)
Object stalk；The water content of the ensiling agricultural crop straw is 35%~45%.
5. method according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the agricultural crop straw is straw, wheat stalk, jade
Rice stalk or broomcorn straw.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the water content of stalk wet feed is 50% in the step (1).
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of extruding is 170~190 DEG C in the step (2).
8. method according to claim 1 or claim 7, which is characterized in that the temperature of extruding is 180 DEG C in the step (2).
9. method according to claim 1 or claim 7, which is characterized in that the time of extruding is 20s in the step (2).
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| CN201811200757.XA CN109170211B (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16 | Method for improving in-vitro digestibility of crop straws |
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| CN201811200757.XA CN109170211B (en) | 2018-10-16 | 2018-10-16 | Method for improving in-vitro digestibility of crop straws |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20120095506A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-29 | 정탄 | Making method of molasses replacement medium for environment-friendly complex micro-organisms culture |
| CN103315138A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 合肥工业大学 | Processing method of animal feed |
| CN103798512A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 南京农业大学 | Method for preparing crop straw feed based on composite puffing and biological processing technology |
| CN107410702A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-01 | 安徽皖山食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the expanded Organic Selenium feed of secondary granulation |
-
2018
- 2018-10-16 CN CN201811200757.XA patent/CN109170211B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120095506A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-29 | 정탄 | Making method of molasses replacement medium for environment-friendly complex micro-organisms culture |
| CN103315138A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 合肥工业大学 | Processing method of animal feed |
| CN103798512A (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2014-05-21 | 南京农业大学 | Method for preparing crop straw feed based on composite puffing and biological processing technology |
| CN107410702A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-01 | 安徽皖山食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the expanded Organic Selenium feed of secondary granulation |
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