CN109148622A - 一种双面用高效太阳能电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种双面用高效太阳能电池及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双面用高效太阳能电池及其制备方法,采用金属有机化学气相沉积技术或分子束外延生长技术在GaAs衬底的上表面依次生长第一GaAs缓冲层、第一隧道结、GaAs子电池、第二隧道结、GaInP子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,在GaAs衬底的下表面依次生长第二GaAs缓冲层、GaInNAs子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,得到GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池,在GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池上、下表面进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作即可;本发明可以使电池的带隙结构与太阳光谱更加匹配,提高GaAs多结电池的整体开路电压,同时电池背面的入射光也能被吸收利用,最终提高电池的光电转换效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能光伏发电的技术领域,尤其是指一种双面用高效太阳能电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
以多种禁带宽度不同的半导体材料构成多结级联太阳能电池,按照材料的禁带宽度从宽到窄由上至下依次排列,可分别选择性吸收和转换不同波段的太阳光谱,大幅度提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率。GaInP/GaInAs/Ge三结太阳电池是砷化镓多结电池的主流结构,电池结构上整体保持晶格匹配,带隙结构为1.9/1.40/0.67eV,在AM0光谱下转换效率可达到30%。然而,对于太阳光光谱,由于GaInAs子电池和Ge子电池之间较大的带隙差距,这种三结电池的带隙组合并不是最佳的,这种结构下Ge底电池吸收的太阳光谱能量比中电池和顶电池吸收的多出很多,因此Ge电池的短路电流最大可接近中电池和顶电池的两倍,造成太阳光谱在红外波段的极大浪费,太阳光谱利用效率不高。
将传统三结太阳电池的Ge底电池换成带隙接近1.0eV的底电池,形成带隙结构为1.90/1.4/1eV的三结太阳电池,其开路电压可达到3.05V。经理论研究与实验证明,在GaAs材料中同时掺入少量的In和N形成Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y四元合金材料,当x:y=2.8、0<y<0.06时,Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y材料晶格常数与GaAs基本匹配,且带隙在0.8eV-1.4eV之间变化,而当0.02<y<0.03时,其带隙为1.0eV--1.1eV之间。因此,针对目前传统的GaInP/GaInAs/Ge三结电池结构,将Ge底电池换成带隙接近1.0eV的GaInNAs底电池,并利用上下表面均接收光谱的结构大大提高GaInNAs底电池的短路电流密度,使GaInP/GaInAs/GaInNAs三结电池的短路电流密度达到17.5mA/cm2,可大大提高电池转换效率至34%。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提出了一种双面用高效太阳能电池及其制备方法,可以使电池的带隙结构与太阳光谱更加匹配,提高GaAs多结电池的整体开路电压,最终提高电池的光电转换效率。
为实现上述目的,本发明所提供的技术方案,如下:
一种双面用高效太阳能电池,包括有GaAs衬底,所述GaAs衬底为双面抛光的n型GaAs单晶片,在所述GaAs衬底的上表面按照层状叠加结构由下至上依次设置有第一GaAs缓冲层、GaAs子电池和GaInP子电池,在所述GaAs衬底的下表面按照层状叠加结构由上至下依次设置有第二GaAs缓冲层和GaInNAs子电池,所述第一GaAs缓冲层与GaAs子电池之间通过第一隧道结连接,所述GaAs子电池与GaInP子电池之间通过第二隧道结连接;所述GaInP子电池、GaAs子电池、第一GaAs缓冲层、第二GaAs缓冲层及GaInNAs子电池所有材料层与GaAs衬底保持晶格匹配;所述GaInP子电池和GaInNAs子电池上均生长高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层作为欧姆接触层以及均进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作;所述GaInNAs子电池中GaInNAs材料的光学带隙为1eV;所述GaInNAs子电池从上至下依次包括有n型AlGaAs窗口层、n型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层或n型GaAs层、p型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层及p型AlGaAs背场层,其中x:y=2.8:1,0.02<y<0.03,Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y材料带隙为1.0eV。
所述GaInP子电池中GaInP材料的光学带隙为1.9eV。
所述GaAs子电池中GaAs材料的光学带隙为1.4eV。
所述双面用高效太阳能电池的制备方法,具体是:采用金属有机化学气相沉积技术(MOCVD)或分子束外延生长技术(MBE)在GaAs衬底的上表面按照层状叠加结构由下至上依次生长第一GaAs缓冲层、第一隧道结、GaAs子电池、第二隧道结、GaInP子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,然后将GaAs衬底翻转180°,在GaAs衬底的下表面按照层状叠加结构由上至下依次生长第二GaAs缓冲层、GaInNAs子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,得到GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池,在GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池上表面进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作,然后将GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池翻转180°,在GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池下表面进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作,即可完成双面用高效太阳能电池的制备;其中,所述GaInNAs子电池结构从上至下依次包括有n型AlGaAs窗口层、n型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层或n型GaAs层、p型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层及p型AlGaAs背场层,x:y=2.8:1,0.02<y<0.03,Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y材料带隙为1.0eV。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点与有益效果:
利用GaAs双面衬底,并结合GaInNAs材料的自身特点,在GaAs衬底的上表面设置有GaInP和GaAs子电池,在其下表面设置带隙约1eV的GaInNAs子电池,最终得到带隙结构为1.9/1.4/1.0eV的GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池,并在所述GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池上下表面分别制备欧姆接触层、进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作。本发明不仅可以提高太阳电池对太阳光谱的利用率,还可以通过吸收利用背面入射光,从而提高多结太阳电池的光电转换效率;同时,可以减薄GaInNAs子电池基区厚度,节省原材料和时间成本,提高生产效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述双面用高效太阳能电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示,本实施例所提供的双面用高效太阳能电池,包括有GaAs衬底,所述GaAs衬底为双面抛光的n型GaAs单晶片,在所述GaAs衬底的上表面按照层状叠加结构由下至上依次设置有第一GaAs缓冲层、GaAs子电池和GaInP子电池,在所述GaAs衬底的下表面按照层状叠加结构由上至下依次设置有第二GaAs缓冲层和GaInNAs子电池,所述第一GaAs缓冲层与GaAs子电池之间通过第一隧道结连接,所述GaAs子电池与GaInP子电池之间通过第二隧道结连接;所述GaInP子电池、GaAs子电池、第一GaAs缓冲层、第二GaAs缓冲层及GaInNAs子电池所有材料层与GaAs衬底保持晶格匹配;所述GaInP子电池和GaInNAs子电池上均生长高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层作为欧姆接触层以及均进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作;所述GaInNAs子电池中GaInNAs材料的光学带隙约为1eV;所述GaInNAs子电池从上至下依次包括有n型AlGaAs窗口层、n型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层或n型GaAs层、p型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层及p型AlGaAs背场层,其中x:y=2.8:1,0.02<y<0.03,Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y材料带隙约为1.0eV;所述GaInP子电池中GaInP材料的光学带隙约为1.9eV;所述GaAs子电池中GaAs材料的光学带隙约为1.4eV。
下面为本实施例上述双面用高效太阳能电池的具体制作方法,其具体过程如下:
以4英寸双面抛光的n型GaAs单晶片为衬底,采用金属有机化学气相沉积技术(MOCVD)或分子束外延生长技术(MBE)在GaAs衬底的上表面按照层状叠加结构由下至上依次生长第一GaAs缓冲层、第一隧道结、GaAs子电池、第二隧道结、GaInP子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,然后将GaAs衬底翻转180°,在GaAs衬底的下表面按照层状叠加结构由上至下依次生长第二GaAs缓冲层、GaInNAs子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,得到GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池,在GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池上表面进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作,然后将GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池翻转180°,在GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池下表面进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作,即可完成双面用高效太阳能电池的制备;其中,所述GaInNAs子电池结构从上至下依次包括有n型AlGaAs窗口层、n型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层或n型GaAs层、p型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层及p型AlGaAs背场层,x:y=2.8:1,0.02<y<0.03,Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y材料带隙约为1.0eV。
以上所述之实施例子只为本发明之较佳实施例,并非以此限制本发明的实施范围,故凡依本发明之形状、原理所作的变化,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (4)
1.一种双面用高效太阳能电池,包括有GaAs衬底,其特征在于:所述GaAs衬底为双面抛光的n型GaAs单晶片,在所述GaAs衬底的上表面按照层状叠加结构由下至上依次设置有第一GaAs缓冲层、GaAs子电池和GaInP子电池,在所述GaAs衬底的下表面按照层状叠加结构由上至下依次设置有第二GaAs缓冲层和GaInNAs子电池,所述第一GaAs缓冲层与GaAs子电池之间通过第一隧道结连接,所述GaAs子电池与GaInP子电池之间通过第二隧道结连接;所述GaInP子电池、GaAs子电池、第一GaAs缓冲层、第二GaAs缓冲层及GaInNAs子电池所有材料层与GaAs衬底保持晶格匹配;所述GaInP子电池和GaInNAs子电池上均生长高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层作为欧姆接触层以及均进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作;所述GaInNAs子电池中GaInNAs材料的光学带隙为1eV;所述GaInNAs子电池从上至下依次包括有n型AlGaAs窗口层、n型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层或n型GaAs层、p型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层及p型AlGaAs背场层,其中x:y=2.8:1,0.02<y<0.03,Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y材料带隙为1.0eV。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种双面用高效太阳能电池,其特征在于:所述GaInP子电池中GaInP材料的光学带隙为1.9eV。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种双面用高效太阳能电池,其特征在于:所述GaAs子电池中GaAs材料的光学带隙为1.4eV。
4.一种权利要求1所述双面用高效太阳能电池的制备方法,其特征在于:采用金属有机化学气相沉积技术或分子束外延生长技术在GaAs衬底的上表面按照层状叠加结构由下至上依次生长第一GaAs缓冲层、第一隧道结、GaAs子电池、第二隧道结、GaInP子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,然后将GaAs衬底翻转180°,在GaAs衬底的下表面按照层状叠加结构由上至下依次生长第二GaAs缓冲层、GaInNAs子电池和高掺杂浓度的n型GaAs盖帽层,得到GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池,在GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池上表面进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作,然后将GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池翻转180°,在GaInP/GaAs/GaInNAs三结电池下表面进行光刻、沉积减反射膜、制备电极及后续电池芯片制作,即可完成双面用高效太阳能电池的制备;其中,所述GaInNAs子电池结构从上至下依次包括有n型AlGaAs窗口层、n型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层或n型GaAs层、p型Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y层及p型AlGaAs背场层,x:y=2.8:1,0.02<y<0.03,Ga1-xInxNyAs1-y材料带隙为1.0eV。
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