CN109141984A - A kind of adaptive bed load sampler and silt discharge measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of adaptive bed load sampler and silt discharge measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109141984A CN109141984A CN201811133449.XA CN201811133449A CN109141984A CN 109141984 A CN109141984 A CN 109141984A CN 201811133449 A CN201811133449 A CN 201811133449A CN 109141984 A CN109141984 A CN 109141984A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of adaptive bed load sampler and silt discharge measurement methods, belong to bed load sampling technique field.The present invention passes through the adaptive support frame of the first support plate being parallel to each other and the second support plate, the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate composition parallelogram sturcutre that are parallel to each other, pass through the rotation connection between the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate and the first support plate, the second support plate simultaneously, rectangular doorway fixed-size in existing sampler, which is changed into its openings of sizes, arbitrarily to be adjusted, to adapt to the different transverse gradient riverbeds occurred due to bed deformation；Meanwhile the present invention runs through the angular measurement plate of the second connecting plate by being arranged in the first support plate, can accurately calculate sampling entrance width, it is very convenient, simple.The present invention can also easily and quickly determine the transverse gradient numerical value in riverbed under the premise of adapting to different transverse gradient riverbeds, not only accurate but also convenient for the measurement of different location bed load discharge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bed load sampling technique fields, and in particular to a kind of adaptive bed load sampler and sediment transport
Rate measurement method.
Background technique
Accurate measurement for bed load discharge is the basis for carrying out Bed Load Movement research.Sampler method is to use to push away
It moves matter sampler and is placed directly in bed surface, the bed load particle of movement is sampled, sampler method is still most directly at present
One of with most common method.
Traditional bed load sampler includes front and rear, and front is made of a fixed width square orifice door, and rear portion is
The collecting net of reticular structure.When sampler is placed in bed surface, the bed load particle of movement will enter rear portion by front mouthful door
Collecting net.In actual operation, start timing after sampler places, the passage in sampler is entered in acquisition specific time period
Matter moving particle, then takes out sampler, carries out drying weighing, available bed load mud to the silt entered in sampler
The weight of sand grain.The rectangular entrance width of sampler is it is known that the sample acquisitions time is it is known that then available unit time, list
Sediment Transport amount in bit width, i.e. bed load rate per unit width.
Traditional bed load sampler mouth door is rectangular, and is fixed width, although bottom can be made of soft bottom, tradition is taken
Sample device is theoretically suitable only for more smooth bed surface, and when bottom, bed ripples occurs in bed surface, especially in momentum model, bed surface is lateral
When the gradient is larger, traditional sampler just will appear lateral inclination, on the one hand may cause sampler and places shakiness；On the other hand it takes
The practical sampling width of sample device is not consistent along cross-sectional direction and sampler fixed width, to cause subsequent sediment-transport rate meter
True problem is not calculated accurately.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of adaptive bed load sampler and silt discharge measurement methods, to solve
Existing sampler can not adapt to have the caused sampler inclination when transverse gradient occurs in bed surface, place unstable and single wide sediment transport
The problem of rate sampling inaccuracy.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that
A kind of adaptive bed load sampler, comprising: adaptive support frame and the sampling string bag, wherein adaptive support
Frame includes the first support plate, the second support plate, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate and netted soft seat；
First support plate and the second support plate are parallel to each other, netted soft seat respectively with the first support plate and the second support plate
Bottom connection；First connecting plate and the second connecting plate are parallel to each other and are successively spaced along the direction far from netted soft seat and set
Set between the first support plate and the second support plate, the both ends of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate with the first support plate and
Two support plates rotation connection, so that the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are formed between the first support plate and the second support plate
Different angles；
First support plate, the second support plate, the first connecting plate and netted soft seat limit sampling import, sample the string bag
Pocket mouth edge is connect with the first support plate, the second support plate, the first connecting plate and netted soft seat, sampling import and the sampling string bag
Inside connection；
First support plate is equipped with the angular measurement plate of connection normal thereto, and the second connecting plate, which is equipped with, accommodates angular measurement plate
Notch, angular measurement plate by notch run through the second connecting plate.
The first connecting plate and second that the present invention passes through the first support plate for being parallel to each other and the second support plate, is parallel to each other
Connecting plate constitutes the adaptive support frame of parallelogram sturcutre, while passing through the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate and first
It is big to be changed into its opening by the rotation connection between fagging, the second support plate for rectangular doorway fixed-size in existing sampler
It is small arbitrarily to adjust, to adapt to different transverse gradient riverbeds, solve existing sampler inclining when transverse gradient occurs in bed surface
Tiltedly, the inaccurate problem of unstable and sampling is placed.
Meanwhile the characteristic parallel always the present invention is based on the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate in parallelogram sturcutre, lead to
The angular measurement plate that the setting in the first support plate runs through the second connecting plate is crossed, the second connecting plate of measurement and the first support plate are passed through
Or the second angle between support plate can directly determine riverbed cross fall, due to the length of the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate
Degree is fixed, thus by the angle that reads out can accurately calculate between the first support plate and the second support plate it is vertical away from
From the vertical range is to sample entrance width, very convenient, simple.
The present invention can also easily and quickly determine the transverse gradient in riverbed under the premise of adapting to different transverse gradient riverbeds
Numerical value was not only accurate but also convenient for the measurement of different location bed load discharge.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned angular measurement plate is equipped with angle index line, wherein 0
Graduation mark is set to the center of angular measurement plate；When adaptive bed load sampler is in horizontal plane, the second connecting plate hangs down
Directly in the first support plate and the second support plate, and 0 graduation mark is overlapped with the second connecting plate.
0 graduation mark of angular measurement plate is arranged to be overlapped under horizontality with the second connecting plate by the present invention, Ke Yi
It is very convenient, fast directly using the second connecting plate as angle indicator reading angular data when adapting to acclive riverbed.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned angular measurement plate is rectangular slab or semicircular plate.
Further, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned first connecting plate and the second connecting plate pass through shaft
It is rotatablely connected with the first support plate and the second support plate.Rotation connection can also be through rotation knot usual in the prior art
Structure, such as articulation piece.
A kind of bed load discharge measurement method, above-mentioned adaptive bed load sampler are sampled and then calculate
Silt discharge comprising step in detail below:
(1) lower part of adaptive bed load sampler is placed under water, keeps adaptive support frame to erect, and keep
The sampling import of adaptive support frame and the sampling string bag are in water, while plane where sampling import and water (flow) direction being made to hang down
Directly；
(2) tilt angle of adaptive support frame is adjusted according to channel gradient, so that the first support plate of adaptive supporting frame
It is bonded with riverbed surface with the bottom of the second support plate and netted soft seat, then fixes adaptive support frame；
(3) angle [alpha] in reading angular measurement plate between 0 graduation mark and the second connecting plate is connected according to angle and second
The length l of plate calculates the vertical range between the first support plate and the second support plate, which is sampling entrance width
D, d=lcos (α)；
(4) bed load rate per unit width g is calculated according to sampling entrance width d, bed load dry weight w and sample time tb, gb
=w/ (dt).
The invention has the following advantages:
The present invention provides a kind of adaptive bed load sampler and silt discharge measurement methods, solve traditional sampling
Device to the tilt problem that occurs when being sampled with transverse gradient bed surface, the present invention can to lateral bed surface gradient automatic adjusument, and
Bed surface transverse gradient can be directly read from the superstructure (the second connecting plate, angular measurement plate) of device, and can be according to the ratio
Drop calculates the practical sampling width of sampler, facilitates calculating sediment-transport rate, to realize to certain transverse gradient bed surface
Bed load sampling convenient sampling.Due to substructure (the first support plate bottom, the second support plate bottom and net of the invention
Shape soft seat) it can adapt to different transverse gradients, it solves traditional sampler and understands run-off the straight when bed surface has transverse gradient and take
Sample measures inaccurate problem.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the adaptive bed load sampler of the embodiment of the present invention places state diagram in the horizontal plane；
Fig. 2 is the adaptive bed load sampler partial structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the adaptive bed load sampler of the embodiment of the present invention is placed on the state diagram on face of slope.
In figure: the adaptive bed load sampler of 100-；The adaptive support frame of 10-；The first support plate of 101-；102- second
Support plate；The first connecting plate of 103-；The second connecting plate of 104-；The netted soft seat of 105-；106- samples import；107- angle measurement
Plate；108- notch；109- shaft；20- samples the string bag.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Please refer to adaptive bed load sampler 100 shown in figure 1, comprising: adaptive support frame 10 and sampling net
Pocket 20.The string bag 20 is sampled to be arranged in adaptive 10 lower part of support frame, for collecting bed load.Adaptive support frame 10 includes first
Support plate 101, the second support plate 102, the first connecting plate 103, the second connecting plate 104 and netted soft seat 105.
Fig. 1 is please referred to, the first support plate 101 and the second support plate 102 are parallel to each other, and the first connecting plate 103 and second connects
Fishplate bar 104 is parallel to each other, and netted soft seat 105 is connect with the bottom of the first support plate 101 and the second support plate 102 respectively.The
One connecting plate 103 and the second connecting plate 104 are successively arranged at intervals on the first support plate along the direction far from netted soft seat 105
101 and second between support plate 102.In the present embodiment, the size of the first support plate 101 and the second support plate 102 is (long
Degree, width, thickness) it is identical, the size of the first connecting plate 103 and the second connecting plate 104 is also identical.Preferably, first connects
103/ second connecting plate 104 of fishplate bar is equal with the width of 101/ second support plate 102 of the first support plate.In the present embodiment,
The distance of one connecting plate, 103 101/ second support plate of the first support plate of distance, 102 bottom is equal to 104 distance first of the second connecting plate
The distance at 101/ second support plate of support plate, 102 top.
The both ends of first connecting plate 103 and the second connecting plate 104 with 102 turns of the first support plate 101 and the second support plate
Dynamic connection, so that the first connecting plate 103 and the second connecting plate 104 shape between the first support plate 101 and the second support plate 102
At different angles.Preferably, the first connecting plate 103 and the second connecting plate 104 by shaft 109 and the first support plate 101 and
The rotation connection of second support plate 102.
First support plate 101, the second support plate 102, the first connecting plate 103 and netted soft seat 105 limit sample into
Mouth 106.Preferably, which is square mouth.Sample the pocket mouth edge and the first support plate 101, second of the string bag 20
Support plate 102, the first connecting plate 103 and netted soft seat 105 connect, and are connected to inside sampling import 106 and the sampling string bag 20.
Referring to Fig.1 and 2, the first support plate 101 is equipped with the angular measurement plate 107 of connection normal thereto, second connects
Fishplate bar 104 is equipped with the notch 108 for accommodating angular measurement plate 107, and angular measurement plate 107 runs through the second connecting plate by notch 108
104.Preferably, angular measurement plate 107 is rectangular slab or semicircular plate.Angular measurement plate 107 is equipped with angle index line, wherein
0 graduation mark is set to the center of angular measurement plate 107；When adaptive bed load sampler 100 is in horizontal plane, second connects
Fishplate bar 104 is perpendicular to the first support plate 101 and the second support plate 102, and 0 graduation mark is overlapped with the second connecting plate 104.
Embodiment 2
A kind of bed load discharge measurement method, then above-mentioned adaptive bed load sampler 100, which is sampled, to be counted
Calculate silt discharge comprising step in detail below:
(1) lower part of adaptive bed load sampler 100 is placed under water, adaptive support frame 10 is kept to erect, and
And the sampling import 106 of adaptive support frame 10 and the sampling string bag 20 is kept to be in water, while making to put down where sampling import 106
Face is vertical with water (flow) direction；
(2) tilt angle that adaptive support frame 10 is adjusted according to channel gradient, so that the first of adaptive supporting frame supports
The bottom and netted soft seat 105 of plate 101 and the second support plate 102 are bonded with riverbed surface, then fixed adaptive
Support frame 10；
(3) angle [alpha] in reading angular measurement plate 107 between 0 graduation mark and the second connecting plate 104, according to angle and
The length l of two connecting plates 104 calculates the vertical range between the first support plate 101 and the second support plate 102, the vertical range
To sample import 106 width d, d=lcos (α)；
(4) silt discharge g is calculated according to sampling 106 width d of import, bed load dry weight w and sample time tb, gb=w/
(d·t)。
It is defeated under different conditions below with reference to adaptive bed load sampler 100 of the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 to the embodiment of the present invention
The calculation method of husky rate is illustrated.
Fig. 1 is the state diagram that the adaptive bed load sampler 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is placed in the horizontal plane, this
When, the first connecting plate 103, the second connecting plate 104, netted soft seat 105 are respectively perpendicular to the first support plate 101 and the second support
Plate 102, the second connecting plate 104 are overlapped with 0 graduation mark of angular measurement plate 107.In horizontality, the first connecting plate 103/ second
The length of connecting plate 104 is to sample 106 width of import, directly can calculate silt discharge according to the calculation of traditional sampler.
Fig. 3 is the adaptive bed load sampler 100 of the embodiment of the present invention with certain transverse gradient (gradient) riverbed
The state diagram of upper placement, α are riverbed actual grade.From figure 3, it can be seen that the first support plate 101 of adaptive support frame 10, the
Two support plates 102, netted soft seat 105 are bonded with riverbed slope surface, netted soft seat 105, the first connecting plate 103 and the second connection
Plate 104 is parallel to each other, and the angle on the second connecting plate 104 and angular measurement plate 107 between 0 graduation mark is channel gradient α.Angle
0 graduation mark of degree measurement plate 107 is located in the shaft of the first connecting plate 104, when the inclination of the first connecting plate 104, can directly exist
It is read on angular measurement plate 107, as shown in figure 3, calculating the first support plate 101 and second further according to determining channel gradient α
The vertical range of support plate 102, and then calculate silt discharge.
The silt discharge that the embodiment of the present invention measures is sediment-transport rate, that is, that collects in the unit time, under unit width pushes away
Move the dry weight (weight after drying) of matter.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of adaptive bed load sampler characterized by comprising adaptive support frame and the sampling string bag, wherein institute
Stating adaptive support frame includes the first support plate, the second support plate, the first connecting plate, the second connecting plate and netted soft seat；
First support plate and second support plate are parallel to each other, the netted soft seat respectively with first support plate
It is connected with the bottom of second support plate；First connecting plate and second connecting plate are parallel to each other and along far from institutes
The direction for stating netted soft seat is successively arranged at intervals between first support plate and second support plate, and described first connects
The both ends of fishplate bar and second connecting plate are rotatablely connected with first support plate and second support plate, so that described
First connecting plate and second connecting plate form different angles between first support plate and second support plate；
First support plate, second support plate, first connecting plate and the netted soft seat limit sample into
Mouthful, pocket mouth edge and first support plate of the sampling string bag, second support plate, first connecting plate and described
It is connected to inside netted soft seat connection, the sampling import and the sampling string bag；
First support plate is equipped with the angular measurement plate of connection normal thereto, and second connecting plate, which is equipped with, accommodates the angle
The notch of measurement plate is spent, the angular measurement plate runs through second connecting plate by the notch.
2. adaptive bed load sampler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the angular measurement plate is equipped with
Angle index line, wherein 0 graduation mark is set to the center of the angular measurement plate；At the adaptive bed load sampler
When horizontal plane, second connecting plate is perpendicular to first support plate and second support plate, and 0 graduation mark
It is overlapped with second connecting plate.
3. adaptive bed load sampler according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the angular measurement plate is rectangle
Plate or semicircular plate.
4. adaptive bed load sampler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that described first connects
Fishplate bar and second connecting plate pass through shaft and first support plate and second support plate is rotatablely connected.
5. a kind of bed load discharge measurement method, which is characterized in that adaptively pushed away using claim 1-4 is described in any item
It moves matter sampler and is sampled and then calculates silt discharge comprising step in detail below:
(1) lower part of adaptive bed load sampler is placed under water, keeps adaptive support frame to erect, and keep adaptive
The sampling import and the sampling string bag for answering support frame are in water, while keeping plane where sampling import vertical with water (flow) direction；
(2) tilt angle of adaptive support frame is adjusted according to channel gradient, so that the first support plate of adaptive supporting frame and
The bottom of two support plates and netted soft seat are bonded with riverbed surface, then fix adaptive support frame；
(3) angle [alpha] in reading angular measurement plate between 0 graduation mark and the second connecting plate, according to angle and the second connecting plate
Length l calculates the vertical range between the first support plate and the second support plate, which is sampling entrance width d, d=
l·cos(α)；
(4) bed load rate per unit width g is calculated according to the sampling entrance width d, bed load dry weight w and sample time tb, gb
=w/ (dt).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811133449.XA CN109141984B (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | Self-adaptive bed load sampling device and sand conveying rate measuring method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811133449.XA CN109141984B (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2018-09-27 | Self-adaptive bed load sampling device and sand conveying rate measuring method |
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| CN109141984A true CN109141984A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
| CN109141984B CN109141984B (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110004871A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-07-12 | 四川大学 | There is the bed load discharge prediction technique in vegetational type river |
| CN111397959A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 长江水利委员会水文局荆江水文水资源勘测局（长江水利委员会水文局荆江水环境监测中心） | Accurate test device suitable for medium and small river large-mouth bed load |
| CN111915085A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-10 | 四川大学 | Prediction method for bed load sand transportation rate in river bed surface coarsening process |
| CN112484960A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-03-12 | 上海河口海岸科学研究中心 | Method for measuring, calculating and determining sediment transport rate of bed load |
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| CN111397959B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2024-04-30 | 长江水利委员会水文局荆江水文水资源勘测局（长江水利委员会水文局荆江水环境监测中心） | Accurate testing device suitable for middle and small river large gate bed load |
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