CN106769705A - A kind of measurement apparatus and measuring method of contactless bed load discharge - Google Patents
A kind of measurement apparatus and measuring method of contactless bed load discharge Download PDFInfo
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- CN106769705A CN106769705A CN201611027469.XA CN201611027469A CN106769705A CN 106769705 A CN106769705 A CN 106769705A CN 201611027469 A CN201611027469 A CN 201611027469A CN 106769705 A CN106769705 A CN 106769705A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measurement apparatus and measuring method of contactless bed load discharge, the measurement apparatus are made up of triangle bed load collection device, measurement of higher degree device and control analysis system three part, the device uses non-contact measurement, triangular groove bottom elevation is measured by laser probe to change, changed by the elevation for controlling analysis system to analyze bed surface, obtain bed load discharge.For the device, the present invention proposes the measuring method of bed load discharge, the alluvial volume of silt in the triangular groove grid DEM groove that the method was measured according to front and rear two moment, and is multiplied by the quality that the dry density of silt obtains bed load.The quality of silt can obtain the silt discharge of the bed load at certain moment divided by the time interval for measuring twice.The device and measuring method realize real-time, the continuous measurement of bed load discharge, and survey region arbitrfary point silt discharge measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement apparatus and measuring method of contactless bed load discharge, belong to river dynamics
In sediment transport technical field.
Background technology
Bed load discharge refers to the bed load sediment quality of section of being passed a test in the unit interval, and it is river dynamics
One key issue of research.In theory, it is the theoretical foundation for studying Bed Load Movement and change in bed level rule；In practice
In it be also solve river bed change calculate, physical experiments and the indispensable instrument of mathematical simulation calculation.Have both at home and abroad
Many scholars are studied bed load, more on bed load transport equation, but generally acknowledged precision silt discharge higher
Formula is also generally received.Main cause has two aspects, on the one hand, to Bed Load Movement process and unintelligible, the opposing party
Face, is confined to the measurement means of current bed load, there is no accurate bed load field data, causes bed load discharge public
Parameter in formula is not particularly suited for natural river course, therefore, bring huge difficulty to practical application.
Bed load sampling method is the important method of bed load measurement, and sampler is directly placed at river bed collection passage by it
Matter, the silt discharge of bed load is obtained by weighing.The form of bed load sampler has many, mainly there is open type, net formula and casket
Formula etc., current China using it is more be box.Also have and moved using radioactive mark's method observation cobble, use radioactivity absorption process
Observation sandwave movement, and then obtain natural river course bed load discharge.In the lab, use the digging one on section deep more
Groove, measurement bed load fills the time of deep trouth, and it is mainly characterized by cutting off the water afterwards at regular intervals, and the silt taken out in deep trouth is surveyed
Amount quality, this method can not continuously measure the silt discharge of bed load.In recent years, scholar enters Sediment Transport measurement apparatus
Improvement is gone, the husky device of Sheng has been increased below deep trouth, electronic scale has been placed in the lower section for containing husky device, and connects computer, passes through
Computer record in the same time by the bed load quality of the section, not the method achieve the real-time measurement of bed load, but the device
Due to needing to set measurement apparatus in the lower section of deep trouth, therefore larger space is needed on vertical, especially in flume test mistake
Cheng Zhong, in order to avoid portion reequips tank in the sink, is typically only capable to place it at tail-gate, can only measure the average of tank and push away
Move matter silt discharge.Therefore, at this stage there is deficiency that is complicated, being difficult to measure in real time, be difficult to any measurement in bed load measurement apparatus.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：Measurement apparatus and the survey of a kind of contactless bed load discharge are provided
Amount method, realizes the real-time measurement of bed load discharge, and measured zone arbitrfary point bed load rate per unit width measurement.
The present invention uses following technical scheme to solve above-mentioned technical problem：
A kind of measurement apparatus of contactless bed load discharge, the measurement apparatus include that triangle bed load collects dress
Put, measurement of higher degree device and control analysis system；Wherein, triangle bed load collection device includes female groove and pilot trench, and female groove is solid
Due to bed load discharge measurement point, pilot trench is positioned in female groove；The cross section of female groove is trapezoidal and trapezoidal upper bottom than bottom
Long, the top and bottom of female groove are open type；The cross section of pilot trench is triangle, and the upward one side of pilot trench is put down with the top and bottom of female groove
OK, and be open type；Pilot trench is positioned over when in female groove, and the upward one side of pilot trench is less than above female groove；
Measurement of higher degree device includes motor, screw rod and laser ranging probe, and laser ranging probe is arranged on screw rod, and swashs
The transversal vertex of surface of ligh-ranging alignment probe pilot trench, screw rod is connected with motor, and screw rod is fixed on triangle bed load collection device
Side, laser ranging probe is connected with control analysis system, and control analysis system is rotated by motor control screw rod, screw rod rotational band
Dynamic laser ranging probe is moved from the bank of river one along Transverse to the flow direction to another bank.
A kind of measuring method of contactless bed load discharge, comprises the following steps：
Step 1, the silt in sampling bed load discharge measurement point region, granularmetric analysis is carried out to silt sample, determines mud
Husky level is matched somebody with somebody, and is calculated the average grain diameter of silt；
Step 2, measures the dry density of silt sample；
Step 3, the corresponding underwater information warfare of the average grain diameter silt of calculation procedure 1, triangle is determined according to underwater information warfare
The placed angle of bed load collection device；
Step 4, the region of measurement bed load discharge required for triangle bed load collection device is fixed on；
Step 5, arranges measurement of higher degree device, for measuring triangle bed load above triangle bed load collection device
The elevation of collection device pilot trench bottom land；
Step 6, according to the shoal materials volume of the grid DEM pilot trench measured twice before and after pilot trench bottom land certain point, and remembers
The time measured twice before and after record；
Step 7, silt quality is obtained according to shoal materials volume, by silt quality divided by it is front and rear twice
The time interval of measurement obtains bed load volume silt discharge, by cross section of river bed load volume silt discharge a little be multiplied by silt
The dry density of sample obtains the bed load discharge of cross section of river.
Used as a kind of preferred scheme of the inventive method, the computing formula of the average grain diameter of silt is described in step 1：
Wherein, DpIt is the average grain diameter of silt, n is the group number of sediment grain size packet, djFor silt grading analysis obtain
J group particle diameters,Ratio shared by jth group particle diameter.
Used as a kind of preferred scheme of the inventive method, the computing formula of underwater information warfare is described in step 3：
Wherein, DpIt is the average grain diameter of silt, unit mm, θ are underwater information warfare.
As a kind of preferred scheme of the inventive method, the placed angle of triangle bed load collection device described in step 3
It is as follows：The angle on triangle bed load collection device female groove and the left and right inclined-plane of pilot trench takes 1.5 θ, wherein, θ is to stop under water
Angle.
As a kind of preferred scheme of the inventive method, triangle bed load collection device pilot trench groove is measured described in step 5
The method of the elevation at bottom is：Control laser ranging probe alignment pilot trench bottom, along Transverse to the flow direction from the bank of river one to another
Bank is moved, and every the bottom land elevation of 1cm measurement pilot trench bottom scatterplot in moving process, and records the time for moving to the point；When
After laser ranging probe moves on to another bank edge, starting point is quickly returned to, preparation restarts measurement next time, returned
Measuring point elevation and time are not recorded in journey.
Used as a kind of preferred scheme of the inventive method, the computational methods of shoal materials volume are described in step 6：
An elevational point is measured every 1cm in laser ranging probe moving process, then along Transverse to the flow direction from river one
Bank is to the number of the point measured on one line of another bank：N=B/0.01, B represent the width in river, and the coordinate of measurement point is calculated
Formula is：xi=(i-1) × 0.01, i=1,2 ... is positive integer；
Determine that the Sediment Siltation volume between i-th point and i+1 point in kth time measurement is：
Wherein, xiAnd xi+1Respectively i-th point and the coordinate of i+1 points, (i+1 k) is respectively and i+1 at i-th point for l (i, k), l
The silt elevation of point kth time measurement, θ is underwater information warfare；
The Sediment Siltation volume that i-th kth is calculated for+1 time subtracts the Sediment Siltation volume of kth time, obtains at i-th point
The adjacent Sediment Siltation volume twice and between i+1 points, i.e.,：Δ V (i, k)=V (i, k+1)-V (i, k).
As a kind of preferred scheme of the inventive method, the calculating side of the bed load discharge of cross section of river described in step 7
Method is：
The adjacent time interval for measuring twice is Δ t (i, k)=t (i, k+1)-t (i, k), t (i, k between i-th point and i+1 point
+ 1), t (i, k) represents at i-th point in kth+1, the then time of k measurement, the bed load volume sediment transport between and i+1 points at i-th point respectively
Rate is gb(i, k)=Δ V (i, k)/Δ t (i, k), the bed load discharge of cross section of river isγs' be
The dry density of silt sample.
The present invention uses above technical scheme compared with prior art, with following technique effect：
The measurement apparatus and measuring method of the contactless bed load discharge of the present invention, realize the reality of bed load discharge
When, continuous measurement, and measured zone arbitrfary point silt discharge measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the measurement apparatus of contactless bed load discharge of the invention are placed in the profile of measured zone.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of intermediate cam shape bed load collection device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of measurement of higher degree device in the present invention.
Wherein, 1- triangles bed load collection device, 2- measurement of higher degree devices, 3- control analysis systems, 11- fixes branch
Frame, 12- female grooves, 13- pilot trench, 21- motors, 22- laser ranging probes, 23- screw rods.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, the example of the implementation method is shown in the drawings, wherein ad initio
Same or similar element or element with same or like function are represented to same or similar label eventually.Below by ginseng
The implementation method for examining Description of Drawings is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of measurement apparatus of contactless bed load discharge mainly include three parts：Triangle is elapsed
Matter collection device 1, measurement of higher degree device 2, control analysis system 3.
Triangle bed load collection device is made up of female groove 12 and pilot trench 13 (triangular groove), as shown in Figure 2.Female groove is used to push away
Matter measurement and positioning is moved, bed load measurement point is placed on, female groove is that cross section is trapezoidal, and the above and below of trapezoid cross section is
Open type, similar to funnel-form, the both sides of female groove trapezoidal cross-section are provided with fixed support 11, are not moved for fixing female groove；In mother
Place pilot trench on groove, pilot trench is that section is triangle, wherein upward side is completely open, the bed load sediment that upstream is come can be with
Into in pilot trench, when pilot trench silt is filled, pilot trench can be taken out, the pilot trench for changing sky is put into female groove.
Measurement of higher degree device includes motor 21, laser ranging probe 22 and screw rod 23, as shown in Figure 3.Laser ranging probe
It is placed on screw rod, screw rod is connected with motor, motor and screw rod are each attached to bed load collection device top.By motor control
Screw rod is rotated, and the rotation of screw rod drives the side-to-side movement of laser ranging probe.Measurement of higher degree device is connected with control analysis system,
Control analysis system is arranged in computer, by the motion of computer control laser ranging probe, the collection of data.
A kind of measuring method of contactless bed load discharge uses following steps：
(1) sand-like to survey region carries out granularmetric analysis, determines the packet particle diameter d of siltjAnd the corresponding group grain
Ratio shared by footpathAccording to formulaDetermine the average grain diameter of sand-like, n is the group number of sediment grain size packet, root
According to sand grain underwater information warfare computing formulaDetermine the underwater information warfare of sand-like.
(2) the dry density γ of silt sample is measureds'。
(3) slope angle of female groove and pilot trench is 1.5 θ (i.e. ∠ AOC in Fig. 1 in setting triangle bed load collection device
With ∠ BOD).
(4) triangle bed load collection device is put into the position for needing to measure bed load.On the apparatus square screw rod and
Laser ranging probe, and laser ranging probe is connected with control analysis system.Laser ranging is set by controlling analysis system
The speed of service of probe.
(5) initial landform altitude z (i, 0) is measured, as referring to elevation, its value is：Z (i, 0)=0；
Measure triangle bed load collection device triangle deep trouth bottom land elevation method be：Control laser ranging probe alignment
Deep trouth bottom O points, along Transverse to the flow direction (i.e. the direction of flow width) from left side lateral movement to the right, in moving process every
The bottom land elevation of the point in 1cm measurement deep trouths, and record the time for moving to the point.When laser ranging probe moves on to right side edge
Afterwards, be quickly returned to left side starting point, the measurement that preparation restarts next time, do not recorded in return course measuring point elevation and when
Between.Wherein, under original state in triangle deep trouth without silt when the elevation surveyed be set to 0m, and using the elevation as reference zero.
(6) after on-test, the height on triangle bed load collection device pilot trench center line is measured by laser ranging probe
Journey z (i, k), i is horizontal measuring point numbering, and k is that the number of times of measurement is numbered, and corresponding time of measuring t (i, k).
(7) deposition thickness l (i, k)=z (i, k)-z (i, the 1)=z (i, k), l (i, k) of silt when calculating kth time measurement
It is the silt thickness of i-th kth time measurement；Due to measuring an elevational point, one every 1cm in laser ranging probe moving process
The number of the point of measurement is on bar line：N=B/0.01, the coordinate calculating formula of measurement point is：xi=(i-1) × 0.01, in formula, B
It is the length of triangular groove, i is measuring point number, i=1,2 ....
(8) (i-th point and i+1 point) silt between the measuring point of arbitrary neighborhood two in bed load collector when calculating kth time measurement
Volume：
Similarly, when can calculate the measurement of kth+1 time in bed load collector between the measuring point of arbitrary neighborhood two silt volume：
In formula, xiAnd xi+1Respectively i-th point and the coordinate of i+1 points, (i+1 k) is respectively and i+1 at i-th point for l (i, k), l
The silt thickness of point kth time measurement, l (i, k+1), l (i+1, k+1) are respectively+1 silt of measurement of i-th point and i+1 point kth
Thickness.
(9) the alluvial volume of bed load sediment in kth time and k+1 measurement period is calculated：
Δ V (i, k)=V (i, k+1)-V (i, k)
Can obtain in collection device between the measuring point of arbitrary neighborhood two within Δ t (i, k)=t (i, k+1)-t (i, the k) time
The defeated shifting volume of bed load.
(10) the bed load volume silt discharge in collection device between the measuring point of arbitrary neighborhood two is：gb(i, k)=Δ V (i, k)/
Δ t (i, k), full face bed load discharge isγs' it is the dry density of silt.
Above example is only explanation technological thought of the invention, it is impossible to limit protection scope of the present invention with this, every
According to technological thought proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of measurement apparatus of contactless bed load discharge, it is characterised in that the measurement apparatus include triangle passage
Matter collection device, measurement of higher degree device and control analysis system；Wherein, triangle bed load collection device includes female groove and son
Groove, female groove is fixed on bed load discharge measurement point, and pilot trench is positioned in female groove；The cross section of female groove is trapezoidal and trapezoidal
Upper bottom is more long than going to the bottom, and the top and bottom of female groove are open type；The cross section of pilot trench is triangle, pilot trench upward one side and female groove
Top and bottom it is parallel, and be open type；Pilot trench is positioned over when in female groove, and the upward one side of pilot trench is less than above female groove；
Measurement of higher degree device includes motor, screw rod and laser ranging probe, and laser ranging probe is arranged on screw rod, and Laser Measuring
Away from the transversal vertex of surface of alignment probe pilot trench, screw rod is connected with motor, and screw rod is fixed on triangle bed load collection device top, swashs
Ligh-ranging is popped one's head in and is connected with control analysis system, and control analysis system is rotated by motor control screw rod, and screw rod is rotated to drive and swashed
Ligh-ranging probe is moved from the bank of river one along Transverse to the flow direction to another bank.
2. a kind of measuring method of contactless bed load discharge, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, the silt in sampling bed load discharge measurement point region, granularmetric analysis is carried out to silt sample, determines silt
Level is matched somebody with somebody, and is calculated the average grain diameter of silt；
Step 2, measures the dry density of silt sample；
Step 3, the corresponding underwater information warfare of the average grain diameter silt of calculation procedure 1 determines that triangle is elapsed according to underwater information warfare
The placed angle of matter collection device；
Step 4, the region of measurement bed load discharge required for triangle bed load collection device is fixed on；
Step 5, arranges measurement of higher degree device above triangle bed load collection device, is collected for measuring triangle bed load
The elevation of device pilot trench bottom land；
Step 6, before the shoal materials volume of the grid DEM pilot trench measured twice before and after pilot trench bottom land certain point, and record
The time for measuring twice afterwards；
Step 7, silt quality is obtained according to shoal materials volume, and silt quality is measured twice divided by front and rear
Time interval obtain bed load volume silt discharge, by cross section of river bed load volume silt discharge a little be multiplied by silt sample
Dry density obtain the bed load discharge of cross section of river.
3. the measuring method of contactless bed load discharge according to claim 2, it is characterised in that mud described in step 1
The computing formula of husky average grain diameter is：
Wherein, DpIt is the average grain diameter of silt, n is the group number of sediment grain size packet, djFor the jth group that silt grading analysis is obtained
Particle diameter,Ratio shared by jth group particle diameter.
4. the measuring method of contactless bed load discharge according to claim 2, it is characterised in that water described in step 3
The computing formula at lower angle of repose is：
Wherein, DpIt is the average grain diameter of silt, unit mm, θ are underwater information warfare.
5. the measuring method of contactless bed load discharge according to claim 2, it is characterised in that three described in step 3
The placed angle of angular bed load collection device is as follows：The angle of triangle bed load collection device female groove and the left and right inclined-plane of pilot trench
Degree takes 1.5 θ, wherein, θ is underwater information warfare.
6. the measuring method of contactless bed load discharge according to claim 2, it is characterised in that surveyed described in step 5
The method of elevation for measuring triangle bed load collection device pilot trench bottom land is：Control laser ranging probe alignment pilot trench bottom, edge
Transverse to the flow direction is moved from the bank of river one to another bank, high every the bottom land of 1cm measurement pilot trench bottom scatterplot in moving process
Journey, and record the time for moving to the point；After laser ranging probe moves on to another bank edge, starting point is quickly returned to, it is accurate
The standby measurement for restarting next time, measuring point elevation and time are not recorded in return course.
7. the measuring method of contactless bed load discharge according to claim 2, it is characterised in that become silted up described in step 6
Deposition sand volume computational methods be：
In laser ranging probe moving process every 1cm measure an elevational point, then along Transverse to the flow direction from the bank of river one to
The number of the point of measurement is on one line of another bank：N=B/0.01, B represent the width in river, the coordinate calculating formula of measurement point
For：xi=(i-1) × 0.01, i=1,2 ... is positive integer；
Determine that the Sediment Siltation volume between i-th point and i+1 point in kth time measurement is：
Wherein, xiAnd xi+1Respectively i-th point and the coordinate of i+1 points, (i+1 k) is respectively i-th point and i+1 point kth for l (i, k), l
The silt elevation of secondary measurement, θ is underwater information warfare；
The Sediment Siltation volume that i-th kth is calculated for+1 time subtracts the Sediment Siltation volume of kth time, obtains and i+ at i-th point
Adjacent Sediment Siltation volume twice between 1 point, i.e.,：Δ V (i, k)=V (i, k+1)-V (i, k).
8. the measuring method of contactless bed load discharge according to claim 2, it is characterised in that river described in step 7
The computational methods of the bed load discharge of flow section are：
The adjacent time interval for measuring twice is Δ t (i, k)=t (i, k+1)-t (i, k), t (i, k+1) between i-th point and i+1 point,
T (i, k) represents i-th point of time measured in kth+1, k times respectively, then the bed load volume silt discharge between i-th point and i+1 points is
gb(i, k)=Δ V (i, k)/Δ t (i, k), the bed load discharge of cross section of river isγ'sIt is silt
The dry density of sample.
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| CN109341599A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 济南大学 | Utilize the contactless powder material angle of repose measuring method and device of laser-measured height |
| CN110794114A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-14 | 河海大学 | Method for measuring sand conveying rate of pebble bed ballast on basis of electromagnetic induction principle |
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