CN103529237A - Method and device for measuring sediment group settling velocity - Google Patents

Method and device for measuring sediment group settling velocity Download PDF

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CN103529237A
CN103529237A CN201310499361.0A CN201310499361A CN103529237A CN 103529237 A CN103529237 A CN 103529237A CN 201310499361 A CN201310499361 A CN 201310499361A CN 103529237 A CN103529237 A CN 103529237A
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陈启刚
李文杰
李丹勋
钟强
王兴奎
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for measuring sediment group settling velocity and belongs to the field of river model tests. The device comprises a settling barrel, a plurality of pressure measurement devices and a computer, wherein the settling barrel is a cylindrical container which is placed perpendicularly and provided with a cross section of any shape; a plurality of pressure measurement holes are uniformly and perpendicularly formed in one side wall; no less than 3 pressure measurement holes are provided; the pressure measurement devices are perpendicularly mounted in the pressure measurement holes and are sealed with the side wall; centers of sensing elements of the pressure measurement devices are aligned with centers of the pressure measurement holes; the pressure measurement devices are connected with the computer; the pressure intensity is measured under the control of the computer; and a measurement result is returned to the computer for analysis and storage in real time. The method calculates a change process of the sediment concentration by measuring a change process of the pressure intensity, and the sediment group settling velocity is calculated further. According to the method and the device, the sediment group settling velocity in a sandy water body can be measured automatically, without interference and accurately.

Description

一种泥沙群体沉速的测量方法及测量装置A method and device for measuring sediment mass sedimentation velocity

技术领域technical field

本发明属于河工模型试验领域，特别涉及对泥沙群体沉降速度的测量。The invention belongs to the field of river engineering model tests, in particular to the measurement of sedimentation velocity of sediment groups.

背景技术Background technique

在泥沙运动的基本理论研究和工程应用中，泥沙的群体沉速是重要的参数。对于单个圆球形颗粒，细颗粒的沉速可以用斯托克斯公式计算，粗颗粒的沉速可以用阻力公式计算，介于粗细颗粒之间的过渡区颗粒的沉速则需要试验测量；如天然沙等形状不规则颗粒的沉速也需通过试验测定。传统的单颗粒沉速试验一般是在专门的沉降筒中每次投入一个颗粒，待其达到稳定速度后记录沉降距离和对应的时间，即可计算沉速，多次重复试验，取各次试验的统计平均作为此种沙样的沉速。In the basic theoretical research and engineering application of sediment movement, the mass sedimentation velocity of sediment is an important parameter. For a single spherical particle, the settling velocity of the fine particle can be calculated by the Stokes formula, the settling velocity of the coarse particle can be calculated by the resistance formula, and the settling velocity of the particle in the transition zone between the coarse and fine particles needs to be measured experimentally; The settling velocity of irregularly shaped particles such as natural sand also needs to be determined through experiments. The traditional single-particle settling velocity test is generally to put one particle into a special settling cylinder each time, and record the settling distance and corresponding time after it reaches a stable velocity, then calculate the settling velocity, repeat the test many times, and take the The statistical average is taken as the sinking velocity of this sand sample.

在天然情况下和工程应用中，水流含有的泥沙均有一定的浓度，即泥沙颗粒会以群体的方式在水流中沉降和扩散，颗粒之间的运动也会相互影响，其沉速与单颗粒的沉速会有差异。特别是细颗粒泥沙的群体沉降，还可能发生絮凝，使泥沙群体沉速的研究更加复杂。In natural conditions and engineering applications, the sediment contained in the water flow has a certain concentration, that is, the sediment particles will settle and spread in the water flow in groups, and the movement between the particles will also affect each other. The settling velocity of individual particles will vary. In particular, the group settlement of fine-grained sand may also cause flocculation, which makes the study of group sedimentation velocity more complicated.

对于极细颗粒的泥沙，通常是将搅拌均匀、具有一定浓度的浆体盛入量筒中，观测清、浑水交界面的下降速度作为此种泥沙在该浓度下的群体沉速，此类试验经常需要几天的时间。对于一般的泥沙颗粒的群体沉速试验，典型的方法是设计一个专门的沉降筒，在筒壁的不同高度设置取样孔，将搅拌均匀、具有一定浓度的浆体盛入沉降中，在不同的时刻从各取样孔抽取样本，进行含沙浓度和级配的分析，根据含沙浓度随时间的变化推求泥沙的群体沉速。此种方法工作量极大，且由于抽取样本将降低沉降筒内的液面高度，给数据分析增加了难度。For extremely fine-grained sediment, usually the uniformly stirred slurry with a certain concentration is put into a measuring cylinder, and the descending speed of the interface between clear and muddy water is observed as the group sinking velocity of this kind of sediment at this concentration. Class trials often take days. For the group sedimentation velocity test of general sediment particles, the typical method is to design a special settling cylinder, set sampling holes at different heights on the wall of the cylinder, fill the slurry with uniform stirring and a certain concentration into the settling chamber, and set it at different heights. Samples were taken from each sampling hole at the right time to analyze the sediment concentration and gradation, and the group sedimentation velocity of the sediment was calculated according to the change of the sediment concentration with time. This method has a huge amount of work, and because taking samples will reduce the liquid level in the settling cylinder, it increases the difficulty of data analysis.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是克服已有技术的不足之处，提供一种泥沙群体沉降速度的测量方法及测量装置，以实现自动、无干扰、准确地测量含沙水体中泥沙群体沉降速度。The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and provide a method and device for measuring sedimentation velocity of sediment groups, so as to realize automatic, non-interfering and accurate measurement of sedimentation velocity in sandy water bodies.

本发明提出的一种泥沙群体沉速测量方法采用的测量装置，其特征在于，该装置包括沉降筒、多个测压设备和计算机三部分；沉降筒为垂直放置的任意截面形状的柱状容器，边壁沿垂向均匀布置多个测压孔，测压孔的个数不少于3个；测压设备垂直安装在测压孔中，并与边壁密封，测压设备的感压元件的中心与测压孔中心齐平；各测压设备与计算机相连，在计算机的控制下同步测量压强，并将测量结果实时传回计算机进行分析和存储。The measuring device used in the method for measuring sediment mass sedimentation velocity proposed by the present invention is characterized in that the device includes three parts: a settling cylinder, a plurality of pressure measuring equipment and a computer; the settling cylinder is a columnar container with any cross-sectional shape placed vertically , the side wall is evenly arranged with multiple pressure measuring holes vertically, and the number of pressure measuring holes is not less than 3; the pressure measuring equipment is vertically installed in the pressure measuring holes and sealed with the side wall, the pressure sensing element The center of the pressure measurement hole is flush with the center of the pressure measurement hole; each pressure measurement device is connected to the computer, and the pressure is measured synchronously under the control of the computer, and the measurement results are sent back to the computer in real time for analysis and storage.

本发明还提出采用上述装置的泥沙群体沉速测量方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The present invention also proposes the method for measuring the sedimentation velocity of the sediment group using the above-mentioned device, which is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:

1）将待测沙浆盛入沉降筒，静置沙浆待液面恢复平静后，通过计算机开启各测压设备开始按设定的频率同步测量浑水压强，各测压设备将实时测量的压强传回计算机；1) Put the mortar to be tested into the settling tank, let the mortar stand until the liquid level returns to calm, then turn on each pressure measuring device through the computer and start to measure the muddy water pressure synchronously according to the set frequency, and each pressure measuring device will transmit the pressure measured in real time back to the computer;

2）根据各测压设备测量的压强计算沙浆在任意时刻t的平均含沙量：设测压设备的个数为N，各测压设备2及所在的水平面分别编号为n（n=1,2,…N）,水平面n距离沙浆液面的高差为Hn(n=1,2,…N)，测压设备n在任意时刻t的压强读数为Pn(t)(n=1,2,…N)，各测压设备测量压强的频率为f＝1/Δt，其中Δt为测压时间间隔；根据静水压强的定义，水平面n与液面之间的沙浆在任意时刻t的体积平均容重

Figure BDA0000399713670000021
为：2) Calculate the average sand concentration of the mortar at any time t according to the pressure measured by each piezometric equipment: Let the number of piezometric equipment be N, and the number of each piezometric equipment 2 and the horizontal plane where it is located is respectively n (n=1, 2,...N), the height difference between the horizontal plane n and the mortar liquid surface is H n (n=1,2,...N), and the pressure reading of the pressure measuring device n at any time t is P n (t)(n=1 ,2,…N), the frequency of pressure measurement by each pressure measuring device is f=1/Δt, where Δt is the pressure measurement time interval; according to the definition of hydrostatic pressure, the mortar between the horizontal surface n and the liquid surface is Volume Average Test Density
Figure BDA0000399713670000021
for:

γγ nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == PP nno (( tt )) Hh nno ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 11 ))

根据质量含沙量的定义，水平面n与液面之间的沙浆的平均含沙量

Figure BDA0000399713670000023
与体积平均容重
Figure BDA0000399713670000024
之间满足如下关系：According to the definition of mass sand content, the average sand content of the mortar between the level n and the liquid surface
Figure BDA0000399713670000023
volume average test density
Figure BDA0000399713670000024
satisfy the following relationship:

SS nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == γγ sthe s γγ nno ‾‾ (( tt )) -- γγ γγ sthe s -- γγ ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 22 ))

式中γs为待测泥沙的干容重，γ为水的容重；In the formula, γ s is the dry bulk density of the sediment to be tested, and γ is the bulk density of water;

3）根据式（2）求得所有水平面与液面之间的沙浆的平均含沙量，得到水平面n与水平面n-1之间的沙浆在时刻t的平均含沙量为：3) According to the formula (2), the average sand concentration of the mortar between all the water surfaces and the liquid surface is obtained, and the average sand concentration of the mortar between the water surface n and the water surface n-1 at time t is obtained as:

SS nno -- 11 ,, nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == Hh nno SS nno ‾‾ (( tt )) -- Hh nno -- 11 SS nno -- 11 ‾‾ (( tt )) Hh nno -- Hh nno -- 11 ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 33 ))

将

Figure BDA0000399713670000027
取为与液面高差为(Hn+Hn-1)/2的平面处的含沙量，插值得到水平面n处的含沙量Sn(t)；Will
Figure BDA0000399713670000027
Take it as the sediment concentration at the plane whose height difference from the liquid surface is (H n +H n-1 )/2, and interpolate to obtain the sediment concentration S n (t) at the horizontal plane n;

SS nno (( tt )) == SS nno -- 11 ,, nno ‾‾ (( tt )) ++ SS nno ,, nno ++ 11 ‾‾ (( tt )) 22 ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 44 ))

4）根据输沙率的定义，时刻t-Δt至t+Δt之间通过水平面n的泥沙量除以沉降筒截面面积A及时间即为输沙率gn(t)，计算如下：4) According to the definition of the sediment delivery rate, the amount of sediment passing through the horizontal plane n between time t-Δt and t+Δt divided by the cross-sectional area A of the settling cylinder and the time is the sediment delivery rate g n (t), which is calculated as follows:

gg nno (( tt )) == (( SS nno ‾‾ (( tt ++ ΔtΔt )) -- SS nno ‾‾ (( tt -- ΔtΔt )) )) Hh nno AA 22 AΔtAΔt ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 55 ))

将gn(t)取为水平面n在时刻t的瞬时输沙率；Take g n (t) as the instantaneous sediment transport rate of horizontal plane n at time t;

5）根据式（4）和式（5）得到任意时刻t距液面高差为Hn处的泥沙的群体沉降速度ωn(t)为：5) According to formula (4) and formula (5), the group sedimentation velocity ω n (t) of the sediment at the point where the height difference between t and the liquid surface is H n at any time is obtained as:

ωω nno (( tt )) == gg nno (( tt )) SS nno (( tt )) ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 66 )) ..

本发明的特点及效果为：Features and effects of the present invention are:

（1）测量过程中不会对泥沙的自然沉降过程产生干扰；(1) The measurement process will not interfere with the natural sedimentation process;

（2）压强测量和沉降速度的计算全部由计算机完成，实现了泥沙群体沉降速度的实时自动测量；(2) The pressure measurement and the calculation of the settlement velocity are all completed by the computer, which realizes the real-time automatic measurement of the settlement velocity of the sediment group;

（3）本方法特别适用于测量中、高浓度浆体中泥沙的群体沉降速度。(3) This method is especially suitable for measuring the mass sedimentation velocity of sediment in medium and high concentration slurry.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为测量装置示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the measuring device.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图及实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

本发明的基本原理为：沿沉降筒高度方向均匀安装测压设备，将搅拌均匀的浆体盛入沉降筒并静置后含沙浓度因泥沙沉降而随时间发生变化，导致各测压设备测得的压强随时间发生改变。由于压强与泥沙浓度具有严格的数学对应关系，通过测量压强的变化过程可以计算出泥沙浓度的变化过程，进而计算出泥沙的群体沉降速度。The basic principle of the present invention is: uniformly install the pressure measuring equipment along the height direction of the settling tank, fill the uniformly stirred slurry into the settling tank and let it stand, and the sand concentration will change with time due to sediment settlement, resulting in the pressure measuring equipment The measured pressure changes over time. Since the pressure and the sediment concentration have a strict mathematical correspondence, the change process of the sediment concentration can be calculated by measuring the change process of the pressure, and then the group settlement velocity of the sediment can be calculated.

基于上述原理，本发明的一种泥沙群体沉速测量方法采用的测量装置如图1所示，包括沉降筒1、多个测压设备2和计算机3三部分组成。沉降筒1为垂直放置的任意截面形状的柱状容器，高度不小于1m，边壁沿垂向均匀布置测压孔4，用于安装测压设备2，测压设备2垂直安装在测压孔中，并与边壁密封，其感压元件的中心与测压孔中心齐平；为保证测量精度且便于数学处理，测压孔的个数不少于3个；测压设备2为浑水压强测量仪器；测压设备2与计算机相连，在计算机3的控制下同步测量压强，并将测量结果实时传回计算机3进行分析和存储。Based on the above principles, the measuring device used in the method for measuring sediment mass settling velocity of the present invention is shown in FIG. The settling tank 1 is a columnar container with any cross-sectional shape placed vertically, with a height of not less than 1m, and the pressure measuring holes 4 are evenly arranged vertically on the side wall, which is used to install the pressure measuring equipment 2, which is vertically installed in the pressure measuring holes , and sealed with the side wall, the center of the pressure sensing element is flush with the center of the pressure measuring hole; in order to ensure the measurement accuracy and facilitate mathematical processing, the number of pressure measuring holes is not less than 3; the pressure measuring device 2 is muddy water pressure Measuring instrument; the pressure measuring device 2 is connected to the computer, under the control of the computer 3, the pressure is measured synchronously, and the measurement result is sent back to the computer 3 in real time for analysis and storage.

本测量装置的各部件的实施例分别说明如下：The embodiment of each part of this measuring device is described as follows respectively:

计算机3为普通台式计算机或笔记本电脑。本实施例选用长、宽、高分别为80cm、80cm和200cm的矩形沉降筒，筒壁沿垂向均匀布置6个测压孔，孔间距为20cm；测压设备2为德国HeLM公司HM10(0～40KPa)-3-D1-V1-F1-W1型高精度浑水压强传感器，测量精度为满量程的0.1%；计算机3通过北京双诺公司生产的AC6616P板卡与压强传感器进行通信。The computer 3 is an ordinary desktop computer or a notebook computer. In this embodiment, a rectangular settling cylinder whose length, width and height are respectively 80cm, 80cm and 200cm is selected, and 6 pressure measuring holes are evenly arranged vertically on the cylinder wall, and the hole spacing is 20cm; the pressure measuring device 2 is HM10 (0 ~40KPa)-3-D1-V1-F1-W1 high-precision muddy water pressure sensor, the measurement accuracy is 0.1% of the full scale; the computer 3 communicates with the pressure sensor through the AC6616P board produced by Beijing Shuangnuo Company.

基于上述测量装置，本发明的泥沙群体沉速的测量方法包括以下步骤：Based on above-mentioned measuring device, the measuring method of sediment group settling speed of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1）将待测沙浆盛入沉降筒1，静置沙浆待液面恢复平静后通过计算机3开启各测压设备2开始按设定的频率同步测量浑水压强，各测压设备2将实时测量的压强传回计算机3；1) Put the mortar to be tested into the settling tank 1, let the mortar stand until the liquid level returns to calm, and turn on each pressure measuring device 2 through the computer 3 to start synchronously measuring the muddy water pressure according to the set frequency, and each pressure measuring device 2 will measure in real time The pressure is sent back to the computer 3;

2）根据各测压设备测量的压强计算沙浆在任意时刻t的平均含沙量：设测压设备2的个数为N，各测压设备2及所在的水平面分别编号为n（n=1,2,…N）,水平面n距离沙浆液面的高差为Hn(n=1,2,…N)，测压设备n在任意时刻t的压强读数为Pn(t)(n=1,2,…N)，各测压设备测量压强的频率为f＝1/Δt，其中，Δt为测压时间间隔，本实施例为1分钟；根据静水压强的定义，水平面n与液面之间的沙浆在任意时刻t的体积平均容重

Figure BDA0000399713670000041
为：2) Calculate the average sand concentration of the mortar at any time t according to the pressure measured by each piezometric equipment: Let the number of piezometric equipment 2 be N, and the number of each piezometric equipment 2 and the horizontal plane where it is located is respectively n (n=1 ,2,...N), the height difference between the horizontal plane n and the mortar liquid surface is H n (n=1,2,...N), and the pressure reading of the pressure measuring device n at any time t is P n (t)(n= 1, 2, ... N), the frequency of pressure measurement by each pressure measuring device is f=1/Δt, wherein, Δt is the pressure measurement time interval, which is 1 minute in this embodiment; according to the definition of hydrostatic pressure, the level n and the liquid level The average bulk density of the mortar at any time t
Figure BDA0000399713670000041
for:

γγ nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == PP nno (( tt )) Hh nno ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 11 ))

根据质量含沙量的定义，水平面n与液面之间的沙浆的平均含沙量

Figure BDA0000399713670000043
与体积平均容重
Figure BDA0000399713670000044
之间满足如下关系：According to the definition of mass sand content, the average sand content of the mortar between the level n and the liquid surface
Figure BDA0000399713670000043
volume average test density
Figure BDA0000399713670000044
satisfy the following relationship:

SS nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == γγ sthe s γγ nno ‾‾ (( tt )) -- γγ γγ sthe s -- γγ ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 22 ))

式中γs为待测泥沙的干容重，γ为水的容重；In the formula, γ s is the dry bulk density of the sediment to be tested, and γ is the bulk density of water;

3）根据式（2）求得所有水平面与液面之间的沙浆的平均含沙量，得到水平面n与水平面n-1之间的沙浆在时刻t的平均含沙量为：3) According to the formula (2), the average sand concentration of the mortar between all the water surfaces and the liquid surface is obtained, and the average sand concentration of the mortar between the water surface n and the water surface n-1 at time t is obtained as:

SS nno -- 11 ,, nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == Hh nno SS nno ‾‾ (( tt )) -- Hh nno -- 11 SS nno -- 11 ‾‾ (( tt )) Hh nno -- Hh nno -- 11 ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 33 ))

将

Figure BDA0000399713670000052
取为与液面高差为(Hn+Hn-1)/2的水平面处的含沙量，插值得到水平面n处的含沙量Sn(t)；本方法的实施例采用线性插值，具体如下：Will
Figure BDA0000399713670000052
Be taken as the sediment concentration at the level of (H n +H n-1 )/2 with the liquid surface height difference, interpolation obtains the sediment concentration S n (t) of the horizontal plane n place; The embodiment of this method adopts linear interpolation ,details as follows:

SS nno (( tt )) == SS nno -- 11 ,, nno ‾‾ (( tt )) ++ SS nno ,, nno ++ 11 ‾‾ (( tt )) 22 ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 44 ))

4）根据输沙率的定义，时刻t-Δt至t+Δt之间通过水平面n的泥沙量除以沉降筒截面面积A及时间即为输沙率gn(t)，计算如下：4) According to the definition of the sediment delivery rate, the amount of sediment passing through the horizontal plane n between time t-Δt and t+Δt divided by the cross-sectional area A of the settling cylinder and the time is the sediment delivery rate g n (t), which is calculated as follows:

gg nno (( tt )) == (( SS nno ‾‾ (( tt ++ ΔtΔt )) -- SS nno ‾‾ (( tt -- ΔtΔt )) )) Hh nno AA 22 AΔtAΔt ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 55 ))

将gn(t)取为平面n在时刻t的瞬时输沙率；Take g n (t) as the instantaneous sediment transport rate of plane n at time t;

5）根据式（4）和式（5）得到任意时刻t距液面高差为Hn处的泥沙的群体沉降速度ωn(t)为：5) According to formula (4) and formula (5), the group sedimentation velocity ω n (t) of the sediment at the point where the height difference between t and the liquid surface is H n at any time is obtained as:

ωω nno (( tt )) == gg nno (( tt )) SS nno (( tt )) ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 66 )) ..

由上述步骤可知，本方法的优点在于测量过程中不会对泥沙的自然沉降过程产生干扰；另外，压强测量和沉降速度的计算全部由计算机自动完成，实现了泥沙群体沉降速度的实时自动测量；最后，本方法要求连续两次测量之间由泥沙沉降引起的压强变化量大于测压设备的分辨率，特别适用于测量中、高浓度浆体中泥沙的群体沉降速度。It can be seen from the above steps that the advantage of this method is that it will not interfere with the natural sedimentation process during the measurement process; in addition, the pressure measurement and the calculation of the sedimentation velocity are all automatically completed by the computer, which realizes the real-time automatic calculation of the sedimentation velocity of the sediment population. Measurement; Finally, this method requires that the pressure change caused by sediment settlement between two consecutive measurements is greater than the resolution of the piezometric equipment, and is especially suitable for measuring the group settlement velocity of sediment in medium and high-concentration slurries.

Claims (4)

1.一种泥沙群体沉速测量方法采用的测量装置，其特征在于，该装置包括沉降筒、多个测压设备和计算机三部分；沉降筒为垂直放置的任意截面形状的柱状容器，边壁沿垂向均匀布置多个测压孔，测压孔的个数不少于3个；测压设备垂直安装在测压孔中，并与边壁密封，测压设备的感压元件的中心与测压孔中心齐平；各测压设备与计算机相连，在计算机的控制下同步测量压强，并将测量结果实时传回计算机进行分析和存储。1. the measuring device that a kind of silt group settling velocity measurement method adopts, it is characterized in that, this device comprises three parts of settling cylinder, a plurality of pressure measuring equipments and computer; Multiple pressure measuring holes are evenly arranged vertically on the wall, and the number of pressure measuring holes is not less than 3; the pressure measuring equipment is vertically installed in the pressure measuring holes and sealed with the side wall, and the center It is flush with the center of the pressure measuring hole; each pressure measuring device is connected to the computer, and the pressure is measured synchronously under the control of the computer, and the measurement results are sent back to the computer in real time for analysis and storage. 2.如权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于，所述测压设备为浑水压强测量仪器。2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure measuring equipment is a muddy water pressure measuring instrument. 3.如权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于，所述柱状容器，高度不小于1m，所述测压孔的个数不少于3个。3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the height of the columnar container is not less than 1m, and the number of the pressure measuring holes is not less than 3. 4.一种采用如权利要求1所述测量装置的泥沙群体沉速测量方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：4. a method for measuring sediment mass sedimentation velocity using measuring device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: 1）将待测沙浆盛入沉降筒，静置沙浆待液面恢复平静后，通过计算机开启各测压设备开始按设定的频率同步测量浑水压强，各测压设备将实时测量的压强传回计算机；1) Put the mortar to be tested into the settling tank, let the mortar stand until the liquid level returns to calm, then turn on each pressure measuring device through the computer and start to measure the muddy water pressure synchronously according to the set frequency, and each pressure measuring device will transmit the pressure measured in real time back to the computer; 2）根据各测压设备测量的压强计算沙浆在任意时刻t的平均含沙量：设测压设备的个数为N，各测压设备2及所在的水平面分别编号为n（n=1,2,…N）,水平面n距离沙浆液面的高差为Hn(n=1,2,…N)，测压设备n在任意时刻t的压强读数为Pn(t)(n=1,2,…N)，各测压设备测量压强的频率为f＝1/Δt，其中Δt为测压时间间隔；根据静水压强的定义，水平面n与液面之间的沙浆在任意时刻t的体积平均容重
Figure FDA0000399713660000011
为：2) Calculate the average sand concentration of the mortar at any time t according to the pressure measured by each piezometric equipment: Let the number of piezometric equipment be N, and the number of each piezometric equipment 2 and the horizontal plane where it is located is respectively n (n=1, 2,...N), the height difference between the horizontal plane n and the mortar liquid surface is H n (n=1,2,...N), and the pressure reading of the pressure measuring device n at any time t is P n (t)(n=1 ,2,…N), the frequency of pressure measurement by each pressure measuring device is f=1/Δt, where Δt is the pressure measurement time interval; according to the definition of hydrostatic pressure, the mortar between the horizontal surface n and the liquid surface is Volume Average Test Density
Figure FDA0000399713660000011
for: γγ nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == PP nno (( tt )) Hh nno ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 11 )) 根据质量含沙量的定义，水平面n与液面之间的沙浆的平均含沙量与体积平均容重
Figure FDA0000399713660000014
之间满足如下关系：According to the definition of mass sand content, the average sand content of the mortar between the level n and the liquid surface volume average test density
Figure FDA0000399713660000014
satisfy the following relationship: SS nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == γγ sthe s γγ nno ‾‾ (( tt )) -- γγ γγ sthe s -- γγ ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 22 )) 式中γs为待测泥沙的干容重，γ为水的容重；In the formula, γ s is the dry bulk density of the sediment to be measured, and γ is the bulk density of water; 3）根据式（2）求得所有水平面与液面之间的沙浆的平均含沙量，得到水平面n与水平面n-1之间的沙浆在时刻t的平均含沙量为：3) According to the formula (2), the average sand concentration of the mortar between all the water surfaces and the liquid surface is obtained, and the average sand concentration of the mortar between the water surface n and the water surface n-1 at time t is obtained as: SS nno -- 11 ,, nno ‾‾ (( tt )) == Hh nno SS nno ‾‾ (( tt )) -- Hh nno -- 11 SS nno -- 11 ‾‾ (( tt )) Hh nno -- Hh nno -- 11 ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 33 )) 将
Figure FDA0000399713660000022
取为与液面高差为(Hn+Hn-1)/2的平面处的含沙量，插值得到水平面n处的含沙量Sn(t)；Will
Figure FDA0000399713660000022
Take it as the sediment concentration at the plane whose height difference from the liquid surface is (H n +H n-1 )/2, and interpolate to obtain the sediment concentration S n (t) at the horizontal plane n; SS nno (( tt )) == SS nno -- 11 ,, nno ‾‾ (( tt )) ++ SS nno ,, nno ++ 11 ‾‾ (( tt )) 22 ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 44 )) 4）根据输沙率的定义，时刻t-Δt至t+Δt之间通过水平面n的泥沙量除以沉降筒截面面积A及时间即为输沙率gn(t)，计算如下：4) According to the definition of the sediment delivery rate, the amount of sediment passing through the horizontal plane n between time t-Δt and t+Δt divided by the cross-sectional area A of the settling cylinder and the time is the sediment delivery rate g n (t), which is calculated as follows: gg nno (( tt )) == (( SS nno ‾‾ (( tt ++ ΔtΔt )) -- SS nno ‾‾ (( tt -- ΔtΔt )) )) Hh nno AA 22 AΔtAΔt ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 55 )) 将gn(t)取为水平面n在时刻t的瞬时输沙率；Take g n (t) as the instantaneous sediment transport rate of horizontal plane n at time t; 5）根据式（4）和式（5）得到任意时刻t距液面高差为Hn处的泥沙的群体沉降速度ωn(t)为：5) According to formula (4) and formula (5), the group sedimentation velocity ω n (t) of the sediment at the point where the height difference between t and the liquid surface is H n at any time is obtained as: ωω nno (( tt )) == gg nno (( tt )) SS nno (( tt )) ,, (( nno == 1,21,2 ,, .. .. .. NN )) -- -- -- (( 66 )) ..
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