CN101078677A - Solid density measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring method for density physical parameter of solid material or other solid specimen, especially the measuring method for physical parameter of solid material specimen with any shape and density less than 1g/cm3. Based on the function of density measuring device for solid substance, weight P1 of measured specimen is measured in air by the density measuring device for solid substance. A standard substance with known weight and cubage is added on the measured specimen and they are immerged into liquid or water completely. P2 is measured by the density measuring device for solid substance. By formula (3) the density of specimen with irregular shape and density smaller than 1g/cm3 can be obtained. The density measuring method for specimen with irregular shape and density smaller than 1g/cm3 can be solved and density measurement for specimen with density smaller than 1g/cm3 can be realized. Analysis for geophysical exploration and building material or measuring class of specimen can be added.

Description

A kind of solid density measuring method

Invention field:

The present invention relates to solid material or other solid sample density physical parameters measurement method, especially arbitrary shape solid material density physical parameters measurement method.

Background technology:

Density is a physical parameter of material, need use this physical parameter in a lot of fields.Wherein the density measuring method of solid sample has multiple.As utilize radioactivity principle mensuration, unequal arm sedimentation balance method, microwave technology mensuration and utilize indirectly method such as measurement of Archimedes' principle.These measuring methods all exist measuring accuracy not high, the shortcoming that manual record, measuring speed are slow relatively.CN2051738U disclosed " rock (ore deposit) stone gravimetry instrument " had improved testing efficiency and precision than former density measurement method, but because of being subjected to the restriction of sensor, use same load sensor also to have the bigger problem of measuring accuracy error to range than big or the less sample of range, owing to be subjected to the restriction of technical conditions at that time, also exist its storage data volume less, the transmission data are shortcoming not quite easily.CN1456875A disclosed " hydraulic pressure induction volume density instrument and method of testing and purposes " can volume density irregular to human organ and form, that be difficult to accurate measuring samples detect, this invention is adopted a plurality of measuring appliances from principle, volume density at the human body specimen of different volumes is measured, and has accurately, reliable characteristics.ZL200520028675.3 disclosed " solids density measuring equipment " adopts the way increase range of replaceable load sensor to reduce measuring error.Foregoing invention to irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density of sample can not measure.Now to irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density measure of sample yet there are no relevant invention and report.

Summary of the invention:

Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and especially irregular and density is less than 1g/cm ³The deficiency of density measure technology of sample, provide a kind of institute's test sample product density that is not subjected to less than 1g/cm ³The density measuring method of sample.

Density is defined as the quality of unit volume, that is: σ (density value)=m (quality of sample)/v (volume of sample).The process that density measure utilizes Archimedes' principle to measure indirectly is to adopt load sensor to measure the weight (P of sample in air ₁=mg), again sample is immersed in liquid or the water fully, measure the weight (P after sample immerses in liquid or the water ₂=m2g), be water if immerse liquid, then utilize formula:

$\mathrm{\σ}=\frac{P_1/g}{(P_1-P_2)/({\mathrm{\σ}}_0\·g)}={\mathrm{\σ}}_0\frac{P_1}{P_1-P_2}...\left(1\right)$

σ wherein ₀Be the density of liquid or water, can calculate the density of sample.If immersing liquid is water, then formula (1) is:

$\mathrm{\σ}=\frac{P_1}{P_1-P_2}...\left(2\right)$

As long as promptly measure the aerial weight of sample, again sample is immersed in the water fully, measure the weight of sample in water, can calculate the density of sample by formula (2).Formula (2) is greater than 1g/cm at sample rate ³The density measuring method of sample, promptly need sample is immersed in liquid or the water fully.

Density of the present invention is less than 1g/cm ³The density measure of sample be to adopt following method to realize: the weight P that at first in air, measures sample with load sensor ₁, be that Pm and volume are V with the additional known weight of sample again ₁The standard object, the size of the weight of the known standard object that is wherein added, can immerse fully in liquid or the water after synthetic with the weight of sample and additional standard object is lower limit, thereby measures P ₂(P ₂For immersing in liquid or the water after synthetic fully, the weight of sample and additional standard object measure weight) by load sensor.If immersing liquid is water, then utilize formula:

$\mathrm{\σ}=\frac{m}{V}=\frac{P_1}{[P_1-(P_2-P_m)]-V_1}...\left(3\right)$

Can obtain irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density of sample.

Liquid water density in the formula (3) is set to 1g/cm ³, and with [P ₁-(P ₂-Pm)] equivalence is the complete water-immersed volume in the synthetic back of the weight of sample and additional standard object.

The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner:

Function based on " solids density measuring equipment " comprises following method and step:

A, usefulness " solids density measuring equipment " are measured the weight P of sample in air ₁

B, be that Pm and volume are V with the additional known weight of sample ₁Standard object (as counterweight) immerse fully in liquid or the water, measure P with " solids density measuring equipment " ₂(P ₂For sample and additional standard object can immerse the weight of being measured by load sensor in liquid or the water after synthetic fully);

C, if measure field does not have the standard object of known weight and volume, measure the weight Pm and the volume V of a solid body (as iron block) with " solids density measuring equipment " ₁To survey solid body and be attached on the sample, and immerse fully in liquid or the water, measure P with " solids density measuring equipment " ₂(P ₂For sample and additional standard object can immerse the weight of being measured by load sensor in liquid or the water after synthetic fully);

D, utilize formula (3) can obtain irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density of sample.

Beneficial effect: solved irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density measuring method of sample, realized that density is less than 1g/cm ³The density measure of sample, increased geophysics mine locating, building material analysis or sample and measured kind.

Embodiment:

The method that the present invention adopts is based on ZL200520028675.3 disclosed " solids density measuring equipment ", utilizes Archimedes' principle to measure the density of fraction of solid material indirectly, and density is less than 1g/cm ³The density measure of sample be to adopt following method to implement:

Embodiment 1

Measure field has the standard object of known weight and volume, then can utilize the function of " solids density measuring equipment ":

D, usefulness " solids density measuring equipment " are measured the weight P of sample in air ₁

E, be that Pm and volume are V with the additional known weight of sample ₁Standard object (as counterweight) immerse fully in liquid or the water, measure P with " solids density measuring equipment " ₂(P ₂For sample and additional standard object can immerse the weight of being measured by load sensor in liquid or the water after synthetic fully);

F, utilize formula (3) can obtain irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density of sample.

Embodiment 2

If measure field does not have the standard object of known weight and volume, then can utilize the function of " solids density measuring equipment ":

A, usefulness " solids density measuring equipment " are measured the weight Pm and the volume V of a solid body (as iron block) ₁

B, usefulness " solids density measuring equipment " are measured the weight P of sample in air ₁

C, will survey solid body and be attached on the sample, and immerse fully in liquid or the water, measure P with " solids density measuring equipment " ₂(P ₂For sample and additional standard object can immerse the weight of being measured by load sensor in liquid or the water after synthetic fully);

D, utilize formula (3) can obtain irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density of sample.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of solid density measuring method is characterized in that, based on the function of " solids density measuring equipment ": comprise following method and step:

A, usefulness " solids density measuring equipment " are measured the weight P of sample in air ₁

B, be that Pm and volume are V with the additional known weight of sample ₁Standard object (as counterweight) immerse fully in liquid or the water, measure P with " solids density measuring equipment " ₂(P ₂For sample and additional standard object can immerse the weight of being measured by load sensor in liquid or the water after synthetic fully);

C, if measure field does not have the standard object of known weight and volume, measure the weight Pm and the volume V of a solid body (as iron block) with " solids density measuring equipment " ₁To survey solid body and be attached on the sample, and immerse fully in liquid or the water, measure P with " solids density measuring equipment " ₂(P ₂For sample and additional standard object can immerse the weight of being measured by load sensor in liquid or the water after synthetic fully);

D, utilize formula (3) can obtain irregular and density less than 1g/cm ³The density of sample.