CN107817538A - A kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge - Google Patents
A kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN107817538A CN107817538A CN201711226295.4A CN201711226295A CN107817538A CN 107817538 A CN107817538 A CN 107817538A CN 201711226295 A CN201711226295 A CN 201711226295A CN 107817538 A CN107817538 A CN 107817538A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge, including water outlet is let slip a remark, there are the bypass channel and a pair of tipping bucket components of delivery port in both ends；Bypass channel be located in water outlet let slip a remark bottom center line on, center line that tipping bucket component is let slip a remark according to water outlet is symmetrically arranged on bypass channel bottom.The 0.1mm sensibility reciprocal rain sensors of the present invention, respectively form branch part with accurate counterweight by two pairs of single tipping buckets, with tipping bucket e axle supporting, back-to-back in rack-mount jewel bearing branch, can delicately rotate.Its is simple in construction, small volume, is joined together with rain containing bin part, is supported and installed with only bar, designs firm base, buried underground.Surrounding is tensed with steel wire rope, under 8 grades of typhoons can normal work, use, dimensional expansion, repair convenient, dripping, calibrating is simple and convenient, precision is high；It can not only be used for the hydrology, meteorological department's routine rainfall basic document, it can also be used to 0.2,0.5mm, and remote measurement, Pan, wide application are reported in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rain sensor, and in particular to a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge.
Background technology
Water is source of life.
Water is from the sky drop, and to grasp rainfall spatial and temporal distributions, a number of hydrology, meteorological sight are laid in the related basin in the whole world
Observation network, unified to hold rain mouth rainfall Instrument observation rainfall with international standard diameter, its Measurement results is used for water conservancy, water power is built
If agricultural irrigation, people's livelihood water, and anti-Pan, drought resisting, to the national economic development, scientific research is significant, particularly
Current weather anomaly, water, drought are frequent.
Rain gauge, it is a kind of ancient, simple, reliable hydrology, the instrument of weather station net fundamental measurement precipitation.1914,
China Beijing starts to set station observation.This apparatus measures achievement is still used as standard so far, is seen for verifying the rainfall of other patterns
Survey instrument.Shortcoming is artificial observation, and needs the total precipitation of longer period of time.
Nineteen fifty-three, Shanghai meteorologic instrument factory production hydrocone type diary rainfall gauge, sensibility reciprocal 0.1mm, is hydrometric station, meteorological observatory
Conventional rainfall data.
Last century the mid-50, invention sensibility reciprocal are 1.0mm bistable state tipping bucket rain gauges.The beginning of the eighties, China
It is 0.1mm tipping bucket rain gauges to start to produce sensibility reciprocal in batches.
21 century, rain collection and the sensor apparatus of transmission of the 1.0mm sensibility reciprocals rain sensor as hydrological telemetry system,
It is widely popularized in each basin in the whole nation.0.1st, 0.2,0.5, the 1.0mm seriations rain gauge composition basic observation instrument of rainfall in China amount.
The structure that common tipping bucket type rainfall passes device is bistable structure, and it is present：
1st, increment △ WInError, bistable state tipping bucket rain gauge are to tilt installation using tipping bucket part is left and right, typically
For A=11 °~22 °, itself weight is in vertically-oriented component：WIt is left、WIt is rightAs counterweight, to measure, opposite side is right, left tipping bucket
In hold the weight of water.When tipping bucket inflow reaches predetermined weight W, tipping bucket upset, pour, until another somersault bucket enters water outlet
The inhalant region of funnel.In this section of region, tipping bucket is still ceaselessly intake, its increment △ WInIncrease as raininess increases.
This is the current inevitable error in dipping of bistable state tipping bucket rain gauge, i.e. device is poor, and its value is with rainfall
Intensity increases and increased.
2nd, table rainwater sinks attached error in tipping bucket, to reduce increment △ WInError, design tipping bucket established angle is as small as possible, therefore
Just rainwater is not clean in generation tipping bucket, and be filled with water in addition tipping bucket inner surface rugosity, unevenness and water surface tension, rainwater are adsorbed
Firmly, it is unclean；Instrument long-term work in the wild, over time, metal tipping bucket surface oxidation, greasy dirt, rugosity are poor, dirt
Soil, fine sand grain are easy to attach thereon, and therefore, as the left and right tipping bucket of standard test weight, its weight has uncertainty.
To solve above-mentioned increment △ WInA kind of four layers of tipping bucket structure are released in error, market：Water receiving tipping bucket, transition tipping bucket, work
Make tipping bucket and count tipping bucket.Although can partly solve increment △ WInError, but still suffer from problem：
A, apparatus structure is complicated；
B, basic point adjustment is difficult；
C, upper and lower tipping bucket upset proportion requirement is correct, and adjustment difficulty is, it is necessary to have certain experiences and patience；
D, adjustment need to have rainfall calibration equipment to determine raininess, and survey station lacks；
E, as raininess changes, upper and lower tipping bucket diverges to number and will changed, and produces the synchronous upset of upper and lower tipping bucket
Error in dipping；
F, quantity of residual causes larger error in four layers of tipping bucket；
G, measurement accuracy and rainfall intensity are no longer linear relationships, and user can not grasp its rule, inconvenience amendment；
H, poor reliability；
I, apparatus structure complexity long-term work in the wild, in bucket table dust etc. it is different it is miscellaneous sink in attached tipping bucket, it is even more serious.
Requirement of the western countries to Precipitation measurement precision does not have that China is strict, using individual layer tipping bucket pattern, structure letter
Single, rainfall measurement accuracy and raininess are linear, and its resolving power is mostly 1mm, 0.5mm, at least 0.25mm；0.1mm points
Distinguish that power is few.Measurement error is typically less than ± 5%, and is examined and determine under the raininess of certain point, therefore, external tipping bucket type
The bad comparison of measuring accuracy of rain sensor, various countries' skip bucket rainfall sensor calibration accuracy are also not quite similar, or even with-state
Family is also so.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket type rainfall biography
Sensor.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge, including water outlet is let slip a remark, both ends have delivery port bypass channel and
A pair of tipping bucket components；
The rotary shaft of the bypass channel located at water outlet let slip a remark bottom center line on,
The center line that the tipping bucket component is let slip a remark according to water outlet, is symmetrically disposed in bypass channel bottom；
The tipping bucket component includes the tipping pivot of bucket root and the counterweight of bucket root is connect by balance plate.
Further, above-mentioned counterweight is located on balance plate by chute.
Further, the above-mentioned bucket section Inner arc that is filled with water is R11mm, and root circular arc is R5mm, and inner surface rugosity is 0.6
Level, the balance rainwater weight of counterweight is 3.14g.
The bottom both ends of above-mentioned bypass channel are respectively equipped with right angled triangle top plate, and wedge angle size is high 5mm × 45 °.
The above-mentioned a width of 12mm of bypass channel, a length of 20mm；Delivery port is 45 ° of acute angles.
Above-mentioned water outlet is let slip a remark the outlet pipe including beaker flask and bottom；The cone angle of the beaker flask is 60 °, and capacity is
20ml, the section of outlet pipe are 2mm × 10mm rectangle.
Above-mentioned bucket bottom is provided with locating rod, and fixed bucket flip angle is 60 °.
Above-mentioned bypass channel is provided with the magnet steel on edge and the tongue tube being installed on support of matching on Magnetic Sensor, including cell wall
Magnetic switch.
A kind of above-mentioned small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge, is placed in the framework at the top of only bar, rain container is set
At the top that water outlet is let slip a remark；Framework is externally provided with fixed pulling rope.
The open top of above-mentioned solely bar, inner hollow, and outer wall is provided with level scale mark.
The present invention is advantageous in that：
A kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge of the present invention, has advantages below：
A) tipping bucket modular construction, change conventional bi-stable tipping bucket modular construction, turned over using single tipping bucket with standard test weight composition
Struggled against component, and a pair of tipping bucket components are symmetrically installed, and are combined into tipping bucket metering unit.Meet instrument static verification principle：Standard inputs
Amount, i.e. standard test weight are permanent steady constant constant.
B) tipping bucket material, in light weight from polycarbonate PC plastic, function admirable, heat distortion temperature are 132~143 DEG C,
Impact strength is 9996N/cm2, there is good anti-atmospheric ageing performance, be particularly suitable in field extreme environment
Hydrological instrument.
C) the tipping bucket bottom design that is filled with water is orthodrome, without turning, so as to reduce rainwater residual as far as possible.
D) tipping bucket part pouring flip angle is 60 degree, and the locating rod of bottom produces vibrations to the tipping bucket of pouring, makes every bucket
Water substantially can be clean.
E) tipping bucket parts carry, useStainless steel shaft, both ends areWith hole jewel bearing, match somebody with somebody
Conjunction face finish reaches instrument extra fine grade.
The 0.1mm sensibility reciprocal rain sensors of the present invention, can not only be used for the hydrology, meteorological department's routine rainfall basic document,
0.2,0.5mm, and remote measurement are can also be used for, reports Pan, wide application, precision height in real time.Its structure is compared to now widely used
Four-layer structure is simple, reliable, and use, debugging, maintenance etc. are convenient, have very strong practicality and wide applicability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for dividing water state of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the bypass channel of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the outside scheme of installation of the present invention.
The implication marked in accompanying drawing is as follows：
1st, water outlet is let slip a remark, and 2, bypass channel, 3, bucket, 4, tipping pivot, 5, counterweight, 6, balance plate, 7, locating rod, 8, taper
Cup, 9, outlet pipe, 10, top plate, 11, delivery port, 12, magnet steel, 13, tongue tube magnetic switch, 14, only bar, 15, steel wire rope, 16, frame
Frame, 17, rain container.
Embodiment
Make specific introduce to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge, including water outlet is let slip a remark, both ends have delivery port bypass channel and
A pair of tipping bucket components；The rotary shaft of bypass channel let slip a remark located at water outlet bottom center line on, center line that tipping bucket component is let slip a remark according to water outlet,
It is symmetrically disposed in bypass channel bottom.
Tipping bucket component includes the tipping pivot of bucket root and connects the balance plate of bucket root, and counterweight is located at by chute
On balance plate.Bucket bottom is provided with locating rod, and fixed bucket flip angle is 60 °.
Bucket uses PC engineering plastics injection moldings, and through 110 DEG C of Ageing Treatments, and the bucket section Inner arc that is filled with water is
R11mm, root circular arc are R5mm, and inner surface rugosity is 0.6 grade, and the balance rainwater weight of counterweight is 3.14g.
Tipping bucket shaft size is ф 2+0.02Mm × 38mm, its both ends ф 0.7-0.02The rack-mount jewel axle bed parts of mm
Gem hole in, the working clearance is 0.03~0.06mm.
Bypass channel a width of 12+0.20Mm, a length of 20mm；Delivery port is 45 ° of ± 1 ° of acute angles, and Glabrous pierces.
The bottom both ends of bypass channel are respectively equipped with right angle trigonometry top plate, and wedge angle size is high 5mm × 45 °.
Balancing shaft size isBalance shaft both ends areRack-mount jewel
In the gem hole of axle bed part, the axial running clearance of balance shaft is 0.03~0.06mm.
The cone angle for the beaker flask that water outlet is let slip a remark is 60 °, capacity 20ml, and the section of the outlet pipe of beaker flask bottom is 2+ 0.10mm×10+0.20Mm rectangle.
Bypass channel is provided with the magnet steel on edge and the tongue tube magnetic being installed on support of matching on Magnetic Sensor, including cell wall and opened
Close.
Testing and appraisal：
New product evaluation, calibrating raininess scope are：0.5th, 1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0mm/min, standard for it is average by mistake
Difference is not more than 1.5%.
Product export is examined and determine, by national standard GB/T 21979.2-2014《Tipping bucket rain gauge》Code is examined and determine.Rain
Strong scope is, 0.5,2.0,4.0mm/min, standard is that mean error is not more than 2%.
Before use, need to be verified, slowly accepted out using 10ml injector for medical purpose to bucket water filling, and with container
Water, verified in the Libra of 0.01g sensibility reciprocals, two tipping buckets are carried out respectively.
Two tipping buckets by verification must be in national rainfall standard testboard, by national standard GB/T 21979.2-2014《Tipping bucket type
Rain sensor》Code is examined and determine.
A kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge of the present invention, is fixedly mounted by only bar, is set above only bar
Framework made of having the conjunction of ZL203 aluminium, is fixed as one with the rain container of top.Rain container isInternational standard holds the mouth of a river.
It is provided with framework：Water outlet is let slip a remark, bypass channel and tipping bucket component.Framework steel wire rope and flange bolt tense, can be in relatively strong winds
Under the conditions of normal work, and ensure measurement accuracy.Rain containing bin, the cone basal surface of rain container scribble nano material, when thin in mao mao
When working in the rain, rainfall adhesion loss can be reduced.
Beaker flask is accepted rain container and let slip a remark the rainwater flowed down, is drained in bypass channel.
Bypass channel accepts rainwater, and rainwater is drained into corresponding bucket by delivery port.
When bypass channel is tilted to the left, the rainwater flowed down of being let slip a remark from water outlet goes directly left bucket, until tipping bucket water inlet weight GIt is left≥
Counterweight WIt is leftDuring weight, balance disequilibrium, left bucket overturns 60 degree, and bottom is collided with locating rod and produces vibrations, with reference to bucket
Orthodrome in groove, the rainwater in bucket, which is substantially all, can pour into water receiving cylinder, then the standard of bottom is flowed into from delivery port below
Water container.
Rainwater in tipping bucket bucket has been toppled over, and is turned over by counterweight gravitational equilibrium tipping bucket, while upset, triangle top thereon
Plate up pushes up bypass channel, it is tilted to the right, and the right delivery port is directed at right bucket, and rainwater flows downstream into right bucket, until
Tipping bucket water inlet weight GIt is right≥WIt is rightDuring counterweight weight, bucket is overturn again, pours rainwater into water receiving cylinder.
As rainwater ceaselessly enters, bypass channel part ceaselessly changes direction, water delivery, and the normal lower frequency made is up to every
Second once, equivalent to raininess R=6mm/min.So constantly as rainwater ceaselessly inputs, the left and right notch of bypass channel is not
Change direction with stopping, rainwater is given into left and right bucket.After undergoing certain period, precipitation stops.To the standard water container of bottom
The total precipitation checked.
Along middle mounting magnetic steel on bypass channel cell wall, on the support by magnet steel, tongue tube magnetic switch is installed, bypass channel is every
Secondary upset changes angle, and tongue tube magnetic switch exports a pulse signal.YCZ-2A type self-reporting type's telemetering terminals can be used as
Sensor.
As needed, can be signal transacting, 0.1,0.2,0.5,2.0mm sensibility reciprocals.
A kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge of the present invention, precision can reach national standard GB11832《Tipping bucket type
Rainfall gauge》Calibrating requires.Measure raininess scope：Minimum raininess is 0.05mm/min drizzles；Maximum raininess is 5mm/min heavy rains.
Signal output is electric arteries and veins signal, and sensibility reciprocal is the 0.1mm that often struggles against, and can export the sensibility reciprocal that often struggles against as needed：0.1、0.2、0.5、
1.0mm。
1st, Analysis on Results is examined and determine：
A) small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge indoor standard testboard of the invention calibrating achievement, sees attached list 1.
The 0.1mm tipping bucket rain gauges of table 1 drip calibrating in often bucket claim water error statistics table
From table 1, detection raininess (mm/min) is：0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0；
Error (%)：
Zuo Douwei, 0.84,0.36,0.52,0.44,0.92,0.91, average out to 0.80；
Right bucket is 0.78,1.14,1.26,0.42,1.49,1.41, average out to 1.08；
Overall average is 0.94%.
B) now conventional, the traditional bistable structure 0.1mm rain sensors of 54 framves of statistics, which drip, examines achievement, sees attached list 2.
The conventional bi-stable tipping bucket rain gauge batch gauging error statistical form unit of table 2：%
From table 2, detection raininess (mm/min):0.5、2.0、4.0；
0.1mm tipping bucket rain gauges gauging error (%)：
Average out to, 6.4,0.2, -4.6；
It is up to：9.0、0.5、-8.1；
It is minimum：2.0、0.0、-2.2.
Note：It is maximum, minimum, selected in 54 frame calibrations, not a frame instrument.
2nd, the achievement linearity is examined and determine
A) small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge of the invention, indoor standard testboard calibrating Result Precision and rain
The strong relation linearity：Maximum raininess：RMAX=5.0mm and minimum raininess：RMIN=0.5mm examines and determine the difference of Result Precision.Zuo Dou：
0.91%-0.84%=0.07%；Right bucket：1.41%-0.78%=0.63%.Average out to：0.35%.The linearity is good, batch
As long as production calibrating is it is preferred that a raininess calibrating, it is ensured that calibration accuracy, efficiency increase substantially.
B) now conventional, the traditional bistable structure 0.1mm rain sensors of 54 framves, which drip, examines achievement：With raininess R=2mm/
On the basis of min, optimal calibrating achievement is 0.0%, and its error is limited to, 8.4- (- 4.6)=13%.
It can be seen that single-point is examined and determine, now conventional calibrating achievement error is big；Present invention calibrating achievement error is small.
3rd, a raininess calibration accuracy
One raininess of calibrating is that rain sensor calibrating develops inexorable trend in the world.
A) it is international, 6 countries are counted, 12 kinds of tipping bucket rain gauges, are entirely examined and determine by a raininess.Raininess
(mm/min) have 0.21,0.6,1.27,1.67 these four, a kind of last raininess is confirmed by user according to local maximum rainfall data
Choose；Calibration accuracy is 0.5%~6.0%.
B) rain sensor operation principle of the invention is correct, structural behaviour is good, calibration accuracy and the raininess relation linearity
It is good, as long as it is preferred that a velocity stage is examined and determine, just there is good representativeness, reach optimal calibration accuracy.
C) the traditional tipping bucket rain gauge in China is as above analyzed, calibrating Result Precision and raininess relation poor linearity,
Basic point is selected as R=2mm/min, error is big, as shown in table 3.China's maximum hourly rainfall is Shanghai, August 25 in 2008
Day, strong rainstorms, raininess R=117mm/h, i.e. R=1.95mm/min.
Worst error statistics list is examined and determine in the batch calibrating of the JDZ01-1A rainfall gauges of table 3 on the basis of 2.0mm/min raininess
Position：%
Note：On August 25th, 2008, China's maximum raininess：Shanghai R=1.95mm/min.Basic point choice mistake.
From table 3, northern China rainfall is small, and therefore, it is wrong that the calibrating raininess that drips, which selects R=2.0mm/min,.
4th, using range
According to national standard：The precision of rain sensor is 0.2~4.0mm/min of raininess, error +/- 4%.
0.5th, the rainfall sensor of 1.0mm sensibility reciprocals can reach, but error is larger.0.1st, the rain sensor of 0.2mm sensibility reciprocals
Requirement is not reached then.The present invention can reach, and precision is high：Less than 1%.
5th, measurement verification
The built-in graduated lucite tube of tool of the only bar of cavity, can directly observe rainfall, and verify tipping bucket measuring accuracy.
After observation verification, open bottom valve and empty water.
The basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the invention is not limited in any way for above-described embodiment, all to be obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Technical scheme, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge, it is characterised in that let slip a remark including water outlet, there is delivery port at both ends
Bypass channel and a pair of tipping bucket components；
The rotary shaft of the bypass channel located at water outlet let slip a remark bottom center line on,
The center line that the tipping bucket component is let slip a remark according to water outlet, is symmetrically disposed in bypass channel bottom；
The tipping bucket component includes the tipping pivot of bucket root and the counterweight of bucket root is connect by balance plate.
A kind of 2. small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the balance
Hammer is located on balance plate by chute.
A kind of 3. small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bucket
The section Inner arc that is filled with water is R11mm, and root circular arc is R5mm, and inner surface rugosity is 0.6 grade, and the equilibrium water weight of counterweight is
3.14g。
4. a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to divide water
The bottom both ends of groove are respectively equipped with rectangular triangle top plate, and wedge angle size is high 5mm × 45 °.
5. a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to divide water
Groove width is 12mm, a length of 20mm；Delivery port is 45 ° of acute angles.
A kind of 6. small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water outlet
Let slip a remark the outlet pipe including beaker flask and bottom；The cone angle of the beaker flask is 60 °, capacity 20ml, and the section of outlet pipe is
2mm × 10mm rectangle.
A kind of 7. small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bucket
Bottom is provided with locating rod, and fixed bucket flip angle is 60 °.
8. a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described to divide water
Groove is provided with the magnet steel on edge and the tongue tube magnetic switch being installed on support of matching on Magnetic Sensor, including cell wall.
9. a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be placed in only bar
In the framework at top, rain container is located at the top that water outlet is let slip a remark；Framework is externally provided with fixed pulling rope.
10. a kind of small sensible weight wide range tipping bucket rain gauge according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described only
The open top of bar, inner hollow, and outer wall are provided with level scale mark.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711226295.4A CN107817538B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Small-sensing-quantity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711226295.4A CN107817538B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Small-sensing-quantity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107817538A true CN107817538A (en) | 2018-03-20 |
| CN107817538B CN107817538B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
Family
ID=61605034
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| CN201711226295.4A Active CN107817538B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | Small-sensing-quantity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor |
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| CN109395211A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-01 | 金青青 | A kind of method for dismounting of novopen syringe needle |
| CN111720582A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-29 | 姚福来 | Water separator for non-pressure small flow water inlet |
| CN112445839A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-03-05 | 长江生态环保集团有限公司 | Data availability statistical method for automatic water regime measuring and reporting system |
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| CN112445839B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2023-09-19 | 长江生态环保集团有限公司 | Data availability statistical method for automatic water regime measuring and reporting system |
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| CN107817538B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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