CN107817538B - Small-sensing-quantity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small-inductance large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor, which comprises a water outlet discharge spout, a water diversion channel with water outlets at two ends and a pair of tipping bucket components; the shaft of the water diversion channel is arranged on the central line of the bottom of the water outlet nozzle, and the tipping bucket assembly is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the water diversion channel according to the central line of the water outlet nozzle. The invention relates to a rainfall sensor with 0.1mm sensing quantity, which consists of two pairs of single tipping bucket components with accurate weights, is supported by tipping bucket shafts, and is arranged in a jewel bearing support part on a bracket back to back and can sensitively rotate. The rain-bearing barrel is simple in structure, small in size, integrated with the rain-bearing barrel part, supported and installed by a single rod, firmly designed in a base and buried underground. The periphery is tensioned by a steel wire rope, and the device can normally work under 8-level typhoons, is convenient to use, expand and repair, is simple and convenient to detect dripping water, and has high precision; the method can be used as basic data of conventional rainfall in hydrology and meteorological departments, can also be used for 0.2 mm and 0.5mm, and can be used for telemetering, real-time report and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rainfall sensor, in particular to a tipping bucket type rainfall sensor with small sensing capacity and large measuring range.
Background
Water is a life source.
The water falls from the sky, in order to master the space-time distribution of the rainfall, a certain amount of hydrologic and meteorological observation station nets are arranged in the global related watershed, the rainfall is observed by using an international standard diameter rainfall receiving opening rainfall instrument, the measurement result is used for water conservancy and hydropower construction, agricultural irrigation, civil water and drought resistance, and the method has important significance for national economic development and scientific research, and particularly has the current weather abnormality, water and drought frequency.
The rain gauge is an ancient, simple and reliable instrument for basically measuring precipitation by hydrologic and meteorological station networks. In 1914, beijing in China starts to establish a station for observation. The measurement result of the instrument is still used as a standard to check other types of rainfall observation instruments. The disadvantage is manual observation and the need for a long period of total precipitation.
In 1953, the siphon diary rain gauge produced by Shanghai weather instrumentation factory has a sensing amount of 0.1mm, and is the conventional rainfall data of hydrologic stations and weather stations.
The invention relates to a bistable tipping bucket rain sensor with the sensing quantity of 1.0mm in the middle 50 th century. At the beginning of the 80 s, china starts to produce tipping bucket type rainfall sensor with the sensing quantity of 0.1mm in batches.
In the 21 st century, a 1.0mm sensing rainfall sensor is used as a sensing instrument for acquiring and transmitting rainfall of a water regime forecasting system, and is widely popularized in various watercourses nationally. The serial rainfall apparatuses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0mm form a basic observation instrument for precipitation in China.
The structure of a common tipping bucket type rainfall sensor is a bistable structure, and the tipping bucket type rainfall sensor exists:
1. The increment DeltaW In (a) error, the bistable tipping bucket type rainfall sensor is installed by using the left and right inclination of a tipping bucket component, and is generally A=11 DEG-22 DEG, and the weight of the bistable tipping bucket type rainfall sensor is in the component of the vertical direction: w Left side 、W Right side is used as a weight for measuring the weight of water in the right and left tipping buckets. When the water inflow of the tipping bucket reaches the preset weight W, the tipping bucket turns over and pours water until the other empty tipping bucket enters the water inflow area of the water outlet funnel. In this area, the skip is continuously fed with water, and the increment DeltaW In (a) is increased along with the increase of the rain intensity.
This is an unavoidable measurement error, i.e. difference, of the current bistable dump type rainfall sensor, the magnitude of which increases with increasing rainfall intensity.
2. The rain water depositing error of the inner surface of the tipping bucket is designed to reduce the increment DeltaW In (a) error, and the mounting angle of the tipping bucket is designed to be as small as possible, so that the rain water in the tipping bucket cannot be completely poured, and the roughness, the unevenness and the water surface tension of the inner surface of the water containing tipping bucket are added, so that the rain water is adsorbed and cannot be completely poured; the instrument works in the open air for a long time, and as time goes by, the surface of the metal tipping bucket is oxidized, greasy dirt, poor in roughness, dust and fine sand particles are easy to adhere to the surface of the metal tipping bucket, so that uncertainty exists in the weight of the left and right tipping buckets serving as standard weights.
In order to solve the increment DeltaW In (a) error, a four-layer tipping bucket structure is proposed in the market: a water receiving tipping bucket, a transition tipping bucket, a working tipping bucket and a counting tipping bucket. Although the delta ΔW In (a) error can be partially resolved, there are problems:
A. The structure of the instrument is complex;
B. the base point is difficult to adjust;
C. the overturning proportion of the upper tipping bucket and the lower tipping bucket is required to be correct, the adjustment is difficult, and certain experience and tolerance are required;
D. The adjustment and calibration needs rainfall verification equipment to determine the rainfall intensity, and a measuring station is absent;
E. With the change of the rain intensity, the times of the branching of the upper and lower tipping buckets changes, and a synchronous overturning metering error of the upper and lower tipping buckets is generated;
F. the residual water quantity in the four-layer tipping bucket causes larger error;
G. The measurement accuracy and the rainfall intensity are not in a linear relation any more, so that a user cannot grasp the rule of the measurement accuracy and the rainfall intensity, and the measurement accuracy and the rainfall intensity are inconvenient to correct;
H. The reliability is poor;
I. The instrument has a complex structure and works in the open air for a long time, and the dust and other impurities in the bucket are deposited in the auxiliary tipping bucket, which is more serious.
The requirements of western countries on rainfall measurement precision are not strict in China, a single-layer tipping bucket type is adopted, the structure is simple, the rainfall measurement precision and the rainfall intensity are in linear relation, and the resolution is mostly 1mm, 0.5mm and at least 0.25mm; the resolution of 0.1mm is extremely low. The measurement error is generally less than +/-5%, and the calibration is carried out under a certain rain intensity, so that the measurement precision of the foreign tipping bucket type rain sensor is not well compared, and the calibration precision of the tipping bucket type rain sensor of each country is different, even the same country.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a tipping bucket type rainfall sensor with small sensing quantity and large measuring range.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A small-sensing-quantity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor comprises a water outlet discharge spout, a water diversion channel with water outlets at two ends and a pair of tipping bucket components;
the rotating shaft of the water diversion channel is arranged on the central line of the bottom of the water outlet nozzle,
The tipping bucket assembly is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the water diversion channel according to the central line of the water outlet nozzle;
The tipping bucket assembly comprises a tipping bucket shaft at the root of the bucket groove and a balance weight connected with the root of the bucket groove through a balance plate.
Further, the balance weight is arranged on the balance plate through a chute.
Further, the inner arc of the water containing section of the bucket groove is R11mm, the root arc is R5mm, the roughness of the inner surface is 0.6 level, and the weight of the balance weight balancing rainwater is 3.14g.
Right triangle top plates are respectively arranged at two ends of the bottom of the water diversion channel, and the sharp angle size is 5mm multiplied by 45 degrees.
The width of the water diversion groove is 12mm, and the length is 20mm; the water outlet is an acute angle of 45 degrees.
The water outlet leakage nozzle comprises a cone cup and a water outlet pipe at the bottom; the cone angle of the cone cup is 60 degrees, the capacity is 20ml, and the section of the water outlet pipe is a rectangle with the diameter of 2mm multiplied by 10 mm.
The bottom of the bucket groove is provided with a positioning rod, and the overturning angle of the fixed bucket groove is 60 degrees.
The water diversion channel is provided with a magnetic sensor, and comprises magnetic steel on the upper edge of the channel wall and a reed switch which is matched with the magnetic steel and is arranged on the bracket.
The small-sensing-capacity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor is arranged in a frame at the top of the single rod, and the rain bearing device is arranged at the top of the water outlet nozzle; the frame is provided with a fixed stay rope.
The top opening of the single rod is hollow, and the outer wall is provided with a water level scale mark.
The invention has the advantages that:
The invention relates to a small-sensing-capacity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor, which has the following advantages:
a) The structure of the tipping bucket component is changed, a single tipping bucket is matched with a standard weight to form a tipping bucket component, and a pair of tipping bucket components are symmetrically arranged to form a tipping bucket metering component. Meets the static verification principle of the instrument: the standard input quantity, namely the standard weight, is constant.
B) The tipping bucket is made of polycarbonate PC plastic, has light weight, excellent performance, heat distortion temperature of 132-143 ℃, impact strength of 9996N/cm 2 and good natural aging resistance, and is particularly suitable for hydrologic instruments in field severe environments.
C) The bottom of the tipping bucket containing water is designed into a large arc without corners, so that rainwater residues can be reduced as much as possible.
D) The tipping bucket part has a water pouring turnover angle of 60 degrees, and the positioning rod at the bottom vibrates the tipping bucket for pouring water, so that each bucket of water can be basically poured cleanly.
E) A tipping bucket part is supported byStainless steel shaft with two ends of/>The finish of the matching surface of the through hole jewel bearing reaches the primary precision of the instrument.
The 0.1mm sensing rainfall sensor can be used as basic data of conventional rainfall in hydrology and meteorological departments, can also be used for 0.2 mm and 0.5mm remote measurement, reports in real time, and has wide application range and high precision. Compared with the four layers of structures widely used at present, the structure is simple and reliable, and is convenient to use, debug, maintain and the like, and has strong practicability and wide applicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a small-sensing-capacity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the water diversion state of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the water diversion trench of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the external installation of the present invention.
The meaning of the symbols in the drawings is as follows:
1. The water outlet discharge spout, 2, the water diversion channel, 3, the bucket channel, 4, the tipping bucket shaft, 5, the balance weight, 6, the balance plate, 7, the locating lever, 8, the cone, 9, the water outlet pipe, 10, the top plate, 11, the water outlet, 12, the magnetic steel, 13, the reed switch, 14, the single rod, 15, the wire rope, 16, the frame, 17 and the rain-bearing device.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
A small-sensing-quantity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor comprises a water outlet discharge spout, a water diversion channel with water outlets at two ends and a pair of tipping bucket components; the rotary shaft of the water diversion channel is arranged on the central line of the bottom of the water outlet nozzle, and the tipping bucket components are symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the water diversion channel according to the central line of the water outlet nozzle.
The tipping bucket assembly comprises a tipping bucket shaft at the root of the bucket groove and a balance plate at the root of the bucket groove, and the balance weight is arranged on the balance plate through a chute. The bottom of the bucket groove is provided with a positioning rod, and the overturning angle of the fixed bucket groove is 60 degrees.
The bucket groove is formed by injection molding of PC engineering plastics and subjected to aging treatment at 110 ℃, the inner arc of the water containing section of the bucket groove is R11mm, the root arc is R5mm, the roughness of the inner surface is 0.6 level, and the weight of the balance weight is 3.14g.
The size of the tipping bucket shaft is phi 2 +0.02 mm multiplied by 38mm, the two ends phi 0.7 mm -0.02 mm are arranged in the jewel holes of the jewel shaft seat part on the bracket, and the working gap is 0.03-0.06 mm.
The width of the water diversion groove is 12 +0.20 mm, and the length is 20mm; the water outlet is an acute angle of 45 degrees plus or minus 1 degree, and is smooth and free of burrs.
Right-angle triangular top plates are respectively arranged at two ends of the bottom of the water diversion channel, and the sharp angle size is 5mm multiplied by 45 degrees.
The balance shaft has the size ofBalance shaft two ends are/>The balance shaft is arranged in a jewel hole of a jewel shaft seat part on the support, and the axial working gap of the balance shaft is 0.03-0.06 mm.
The cone angle of the cone of the water outlet nozzle is 60 degrees, the capacity is 20ml, and the section of the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the cone is a rectangle with the diameter of 2 + 0.10mm×10+0.20 mm.
The water diversion channel is provided with a magnetic sensor, and comprises magnetic steel on the upper edge of the channel wall and a reed switch which is matched and installed on the bracket.
And (3) detection and identification:
new product identification, rain intensity detection range is: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0mm/min, with the average error not greater than 1.5%.
The product delivery verification is carried out according to the national standard GB/T21979.2-2014 'tipping bucket rainfall sensor' regulations. The rain intensity ranges are 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0mm/min, and the average error is not more than 2%.
Before use, the calibration is performed, a 10ml medical injector is used for slowly injecting water into the bucket, the container is used for receiving water, the calibration is performed on a weighing scale with a sensing quantity of 0.01g, and the two tipping buckets are respectively performed.
The two tipping buckets after verification are required to be verified in a national rainfall standard test board according to the national standard GB/T21979.2-2014 'tipping bucket rainfall sensor' regulations.
According to the small-sensing-capacity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor, the single rod is fixedly arranged, the ZL203 aluminum alloy frame is arranged above the single rod, and the ZL203 aluminum alloy frame and the upper rain bearing device are integrally fixed. The rain bearing device isInternational standard water bearing mouth. The frame is internally provided with: the water outlet discharge spout, the water diversion channel and the tipping bucket component. The frame is tensioned by the steel wire rope and the flange bolts, can work normally under the condition of strong wind, and ensures the measurement accuracy. The rain-bearing barrel and the cone bottom surface of the rain-bearing device are coated with nano materials, so that the adhesion loss of rain quantity can be reduced when the rain-bearing device works in capillary rain.
The cone-shaped cup receives the rainwater flowing down from the discharge spout of the rain bearing device and drains the rainwater into the water diversion groove.
The diversion channel receives rainwater and drains the rainwater to the corresponding bucket through the water outlet.
When the water diversion groove inclines leftwards, rainwater flowing down from the water outlet leakage nozzle directly reaches the left bucket groove, until the weight G Left side of the tipping bucket water inflow is larger than or equal to the weight of the counter weight W Left side , the balance is out of balance, the left bucket groove is turned over by 60 degrees, the bottom collides with the positioning rod and vibrates, and the rainwater in the bucket groove can be basically poured into the water receiving cylinder by combining with the large circular arc in the bucket groove and then flows into the standard water container at the bottom from the water outlet below the water receiving cylinder.
The rainwater in the bucket groove of the tipping bucket is poured out, the tipping bucket is turned upwards under the balance of the weight of the balance hammer, the upper triangular top plate pushes the water diversion groove upwards when the tipping bucket is turned over, the water diversion groove is inclined rightwards, the right water outlet is aligned with the right bucket groove, the rainwater flows downwards into the right bucket groove, and when the weight of the balance hammer of the weight G Right side ≥W Right side of the water entering the tipping bucket is reached, the bucket groove is turned over again, and the rainwater is poured into the water receiving cylinder.
Along with the continuous entering of rainwater, the diversion trench part continuously changes the direction and conveys water, and the frequency of normal operation can reach once per second, which is equivalent to the rain intensity r=6mm/min. Thus, along with the continuous input of rainwater, the left notch and the right notch of the water diversion channel change the direction continuously, and the rainwater is distributed to the left bucket channel and the right bucket channel. After a certain period of time, precipitation stops. The total amount of precipitation in the bottom standard water container is checked.
The middle of the upper edge of the water diversion channel wall is provided with magnetic steel, a reed switch is arranged on a bracket close to the magnetic steel, the water diversion channel is overturned each time to change the angle, and the reed switch outputs a pulse signal. Can be used as a sensor of YCZ-2A type self-reporting telemetry terminal.
The signals can be processed to give 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 2.0mm sensations, as desired.
The precision of the small-sensing-quantity large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor can meet the verification requirement of national standard GB11832 tipping bucket type rainfall meter. Measuring the rain intensity range: the minimum rain intensity is 0.05mm/min light rain; the maximum rain intensity is 5mm/min of heavy rain. The signal output is an electric pulse signal, the sensing quantity is 0.1mm per bucket, and the sensing quantity per bucket can be output according to the requirement: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0mm.
1. And (3) analysis of verification results:
a) The invention discloses a small-inductance large-range tipping bucket type rain sensor indoor standard test bench verification result, which is shown in an attached table 1.
Table 1.0.1 mm statistical table of water weighing error per bucket in tipping bucket type rain sensor drip test
As can be seen from Table 1, the detection rain intensity (mm/min) is: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0;
Error (%):
the left hopper is 0.84, 0.36, 0.52, 0.44, 0.92, 0.91, and the average is 0.80;
the right bucket is 0.78, 1.14, 1.26, 0.42, 1.49, 1.41, and the average is 1.08;
The total average was 0.94%.
B) At present, the dripping detection result of a conventional bistable structure 0.1mm rainfall sensor is counted by 54 frames, and the dripping detection result is shown in an attached table 2.
Table 2 conventional bistable skip rainfall sensor batch verification error statistics unit: %
As can be seen from Table 2, the rain intensity (mm/min) was measured at 0.5, 2.0, 4.0;
0.1mm tipping bucket rain sensor verification error (%):
Average 6.4, 0.2, -4.6;
The maximum is: 9.0, 0.5, -8.1;
the minimum is: 2.0, 0.0, -2.2.
Note that: maximum, minimum, selected from the 54 rack instrument assays, not one rack of instruments.
2. Verification of achievements linearity
A) The invention relates to a small-inductance large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor, which is characterized in that an indoor standard test bench is used for verifying the relation linearity between the accuracy of achievements and the rainfall intensity: maximum rain intensity: r MAX =5.0 mm and minimum rain intensity: r MIN =0.5 mm difference in accuracy of the assay results. Left bucket: 0.91% -0.84% = 0.07%; right bucket: 1.41% -0.78% = 0.63%. The average is: 0.35%. The linearity is good, only one rain intensity verification is optimized for mass production verification, verification accuracy is ensured, and efficiency is greatly improved.
B) At present, 54 traditional bistable structure 0.1mm rainfall sensor drip detection results: the optimal verification result is 0.0% based on the rain intensity r=2 mm/min, and the error limit is 8.4- (-4.6) =13%.
Therefore, single-point verification has large error in the conventional verification result; the invention has small verification result error.
3. Rain intensity verification precision
The detection of a rain intensity is an international necessary trend for the detection and development of a rain sensor.
A) The method comprises the following steps of internationally counting 6 countries and 12 tipping bucket type rainfall sensors, wherein all the tipping bucket type rainfall sensors are verified according to one rainfall intensity. The rain intensity (mm/min) has four types of 0.21,0.6,1.27,1.67, and the last rain intensity is confirmed and selected by a user according to the local maximum rainfall data; the verification precision is 0.5% -6.0%.
B) The rainfall sensor has the advantages of correct working principle, good structural performance, good linearity of the relation between the verification accuracy and the rainfall intensity, good representativeness as long as one-speed-level verification is optimized, and optimal verification accuracy is achieved.
C) The traditional tipping bucket type rainfall sensor in China is analyzed as above, the verification result precision and the rainfall relation linearity are poor, the selection base point is R=2mm/min, and the error is large, as shown in table 3. The largest rainfall in China is Shanghai, 8 months and 25 days in 2008, and the rain intensity is R=117 mm/h, namely R=1.95 mm/min.
Table 3 jdz01-1A rain gauge batch assay maximum error statistics table unit with 2.0mm/min rain intensity as a benchmark: %
Note that: 8 months and 25 days of 2008, the maximum rain intensity in China is: shanghai r=1.95 mm/min. The base point selection is wrong.
As can be seen from table 3, the northern China has small rainfall, so that the drip verification rain forced selection r=2.0mm/min is wrong.
4. Use of the program
According to the national standard: the accuracy of the rainfall sensor is 0.2-4.0 mm/min of the rainfall intensity, and the error is +/-4%.
Rain sensors with a sensing amount of 0.5 mm or 1.0mm can be achieved, but the error is large. The rainfall sensor with sensing quantity of 0.1 and 0.2mm can not meet the requirement. The invention can achieve the following advantages of high precision: less than 1%.
5. Metering verification
The organic glass tube with scales is arranged in the cavity single rod, so that the rainfall can be directly observed, and the metering precision of the tipping bucket can be checked. After the observation check, the bottom valve was opened to empty the water.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and that all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The small-inductance large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor is characterized by comprising a water outlet leakage nozzle, a water diversion groove with water outlets at two ends and a pair of tipping bucket components;
The rotary shaft of the water diversion channel is arranged on the central line of the bottom of the water outlet nozzle, and the tipping bucket assembly is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the water diversion channel according to the central line of the water outlet nozzle;
the tipping bucket assembly comprises a tipping bucket shaft at the root of the bucket groove and a balance weight connected with the root of the bucket groove through a balance plate;
the inner arc of the water containing section of the bucket groove is R11mm, the root arc is R5mm, the roughness of the inner surface is 0.6 level, and the weight of balance water of the balance weight is 3.14g;
the bottom of the bucket groove is provided with a positioning rod, and the overturning angle of the fixed bucket groove is 60 o;
The balance weight is arranged on the balance plate through a chute;
The two ends of the bottom of the water diversion channel are respectively provided with a right triangle top plate, and the sharp angle size is 5mm multiplied by 45 o;
The water diversion channel is provided with a magnetic sensor, and comprises magnetic steel on the upper edge of the channel wall and a reed switch which is matched with the magnetic steel and is arranged on the bracket.
2. A small sensing mass and large measuring range skip bucket rain sensor according to claim 1 wherein said water dividing channel is 12mm wide and 20mm long; the water outlet is an acute angle of 45 degrees.
3. The small-sensing large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet nozzle comprises a conical cup and a water outlet pipe at the bottom; the cone angle of the cone cup is 60 o, the capacity is 20ml, and the section of the water outlet pipe is a rectangle with the diameter of 2mm multiplied by 10 mm.
4. The small-sensing large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor according to claim 1, wherein the rain bearing device is arranged in a frame at the top of the single rod and is arranged at the top of the water outlet nozzle; the frame is provided with a fixed stay rope.
5. The small-sensing large-range tipping bucket type rainfall sensor according to claim 4, wherein the top of the single rod is open, the inside of the single rod is hollow, and the outer wall of the single rod is provided with a water level scale mark.
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| CN109395211B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-05-20 | 金青青 | Method for disassembling insulin pen needle |
| CN111720582A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-09-29 | 姚福来 | Water separator for non-pressure small flow water inlet |
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