CN109133979A - 一种秸秆外墙保温砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种秸秆外墙保温砖,包括以下成分:农作物秸秆、石灰石、水泥、粘土、硅藻土、高铝矾土、岩棉、粉煤灰、莫来石、珍珠岩、氯化钙、二氧化锆、硅酸铝、结合剂、增强剂,本发明的有益效果是:农作物秸秆作为保温砖的主要生产原料,保温、隔音效果好,而且可以减少环境污染、节约土地资源、增加农民收入,具有良好的社会经济效益,通过加入莫来石、高铝矾土和二氧化锆,增加了保温砖的耐高温、耐磨损和防腐性能,通过加入岩棉和硅酸铝,增加了保温砖的保温性能,通过加入结合剂,在烧制完成后结合更加紧密,不易断裂,而且提高了烧制成品合格率,通过加入增强剂,减少了保温砖的重量、而强度大大提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保温砖技术领域,具体为一种秸秆外墙保温砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,我国正面临极其严峻的环境问题,尤其是PM2.5的不断升高,已经引起广大人民群众和各级政府的严重关注,其对人体健康的危害以及对生态系统产生的严重后果还难以估量,而农作物秸秆燃烧是造成PM2.5急剧升高的“罪魁祸首”之一,对人体造成重大威胁,所以,必须探索出一条环保的新的农作物秸秆的处理方式。随着经济社会发展,我国现有土地资源出现短缺,作为耗能巨大的建筑领域,传统的建筑材料,占耕地,能耗高。必须寻找到一种新型优质的建筑材料作为替代。现有的外墙保温砖大多采用黏土为主要原材料,浪费土地资源,另外在使用时强度不够,容易断裂,耐高温和耐磨损性能差,保温效果不好,大多质量较重,使用不便。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有的缺陷,提供一种秸秆外墙保温砖及其制备方法,制备的外墙保温砖保温、隔音效果好,可以减少环境污染、节约土地资源,耐高温、耐磨损、防腐性能好,内部结合紧密、不易断裂,质量轻、强度大,适宜推广使用,可以有效解决背景技术中的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出:一种秸秆外墙保温砖,包括以下成分:农作物秸秆、石灰石、水泥、粘土、硅藻土、高铝矾土、岩棉、粉煤灰、莫来石、珍珠岩、氯化钙、二氧化锆、硅酸铝、结合剂、增强剂,其特征在于:其各组分质量比为:农作物秸秆100.0-140.0份、石灰石10.0-16.0份、水泥8.0-14.0份、粘土12.0-16.0份、硅藻土12.0-16.0份、高铝矾土12.0-16.0份、岩棉10.0-14.0份、粉煤灰10.0-14.0份、莫来石14.0-16.0份、珍珠岩10.0-14.0份、氯化钙6.0-8.0份、二氧化锆6.0-8.0份、硅酸铝6.0-8.0份、结合剂12.0-16.0份、增强剂10.0-14.0份。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述结合剂包括耐火粘土、水玻璃、硫酸铝、磷酸二氢铝、氧化铝、羧甲基纤维素、酚醛树脂和尿醛树脂,其各组分质量比为:耐火粘土1.0-3.0份、水玻璃2.0-4.0份、硫酸铝1.0-3.0份、磷酸二氢铝1.0-3.0份、氧化铝1.0-3.0份、羧甲基纤维素2.0-4.0份、酚醛树脂2.0-4.0份、尿醛树脂2.0-4.0份。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案:所述增强剂包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、陶瓷纤维、晶须,其各组分质量比为:玻璃纤维2.0-4.0份、碳纤维2.0-4.0份、硼纤维2.0-4.0份、陶瓷纤维3.0-5.0份、晶须3.0-5.0份。
本发明还提供一种秸秆外墙保温砖的制备方法:包括以下步骤:
S1)粉碎:取农作物秸秆100.0-140.0份,晾晒后放入秸秆粉碎机中进行粉碎,将其粉碎成所需长度4.0-6.0mm,然后再进行筛选分离;
S2)研磨:分别取石灰石10.0-16.0份、粘土12.0-16.0份、硅藻土12.0-16.0、高铝矾土12.0-16.0份、莫来石14.0-16.0份、珍珠岩10.0-14.0份进行研磨,研磨后过2-4目筛;
S3)混合:将粉碎后的农作物秸秆100.0-140.0份和研磨后的石灰石10.0-16.0份、粘土12.0-16.0份、硅藻土12.0-16.0、高铝矾土12.0-16.0份、莫来石14.0-16.0份、珍珠岩10.0-14.0份加入搅拌机中进行干混,搅拌3-5min,然后加入水泥8.0-14.0份、岩棉10.0-14.0份、粉煤灰10.0-14.0份、氯化钙6.0-8.0份、二氧化锆6.0-8.0份、硅酸铝6.0-8.0份,再进行搅拌,搅拌16-24min,在搅拌的过程中加入适量的水、结合剂12.0-16.0份(耐火粘土1.0-3.0份、水玻璃2.0-4.0份、硫酸铝1.0-3.0份、磷酸二氢铝1.0-3.0份、氧化铝1.0-3.0份、羧甲基纤维素2.0-4.0份、酚醛树脂2.0-4.0份、尿醛树脂2.0-4.0份)和增强剂10.0-14.0份(玻璃纤维2.0-4.0份、碳纤维2.0-4.0份、硼纤维2.0-4.0份、陶瓷纤维3.0-5.0份、晶须3.0-5.0份),制得混合料;
S4)成型:将S3)中制得的混合料铺装在模具中,然后进行挤压,制成胚体,然后在50-60℃温度下干燥24h;
S5)烧制:将S4)中成型、干燥后的胚体入窑烧制,烧制温度控制在800-1200℃,然后保温8h。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:农作物秸秆作为保温砖的主要生产原料,保温、隔音效果好,而且可以减少环境污染、节约土地资源、增加农民收入,具有良好的社会经济效益,通过加入莫来石、高铝矾土和二氧化锆,增加了保温砖的耐高温、耐磨损和防腐性能,通过加入岩棉和硅酸铝,增加了保温砖的保温性能,通过加入结合剂,在烧制完成后结合更加紧密,不易断裂,而且提高了烧制成品合格率,通过加入增强剂,减少了保温砖的重量、而强度大大提高。综上,采用本发明中的配方制备的外墙保温砖,保温、隔音效果好,可以减少环境污染、节约土地资源,耐高温、耐磨损、防腐性能好,内部结合紧密、不易断裂,质量轻、强度大,适宜推广使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种秸秆外墙保温砖的制备方法的制备流程图。
图中:S1)粉碎、S2)研磨、S3)混合、S4)成型、S5)烧制。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1,本发明提供以下技术方案:
实施例一:一种秸秆外墙保温砖,包括以下成分:农作物秸秆、石灰石、水泥、粘土、硅藻土、高铝矾土、岩棉、粉煤灰、莫来石、珍珠岩、氯化钙、二氧化锆、硅酸铝、结合剂、增强剂,其特征在于:其各组分质量比为:农作物秸秆100.0份、石灰石10.0份、水泥8.0份、粘土12.0份、硅藻土12.0份、高铝矾土12.0份、岩棉10.0份、粉煤灰10.0份、莫来石14.0份、珍珠岩10.0份、氯化钙6.0份、二氧化锆6.0份、硅酸铝6.0份、结合剂12.0份(耐火粘土1.0份、水玻璃2.0份、硫酸铝1.0份、磷酸二氢铝1.0份、氧化铝1.0份、羧甲基纤维素2.0份、酚醛树脂2.0份、尿醛树脂2.0份)、增强剂10.0份(玻璃纤维2.0份、碳纤维2.0份、硼纤维2.0份、陶瓷纤维3.0份、晶须3.0份)。
一种秸秆外墙保温砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1)粉碎:取农作物秸秆100.0份,晾晒后放入秸秆粉碎机中进行粉碎,将其粉碎成所需长度4.0mm,然后再进行筛选分离;
S2)研磨:分别取石灰石10.0份、粘土12.0份、硅藻土12.0、高铝矾土12.0份、莫来石14.0份、珍珠岩10.0份进行研磨,研磨后过2目筛;
S3)混合:将粉碎后的农作物秸秆100.0份和研磨后的石灰石10.0份、粘土12.0份、硅藻土12.0、高铝矾土12.0份、莫来石14.0份、珍珠岩10.0份加入搅拌机中进行干混,搅拌3min,然后加入水泥8.0份、岩棉10.0份、粉煤灰10.0份、氯化钙6.0份、二氧化锆6.0份、硅酸铝6.0份,再进行搅拌,搅拌16min,在搅拌的过程中加入适量的水、结合剂12.0份(耐火粘土1.0份、水玻璃2.0份、硫酸铝1.0份、磷酸二氢铝1.0份、氧化铝1.0份、羧甲基纤维素2.0份、酚醛树脂2.0份、尿醛树脂2.0份)和增强剂10.0份(玻璃纤维2.0份、碳纤维2.0份、硼纤维2.0份、陶瓷纤维3.0份、晶须3.0份),制得混合料;
S4)成型:将S3)中制得的混合料铺装在模具中,然后进行挤压,制成胚体,然后在50℃温度下干燥24h;
S5)烧制:将S4)中成型、干燥后的胚体入窑烧制,烧制温度控制在800℃,然后保温8h。
实施例二:一种秸秆外墙保温砖,包括以下成分:农作物秸秆、石灰石、水泥、粘土、硅藻土、高铝矾土、岩棉、粉煤灰、莫来石、珍珠岩、氯化钙、二氧化锆、硅酸铝、结合剂、增强剂,其特征在于:其各组分质量比为:农作物秸秆120.0份、石灰石13.0份、水泥10.0份、粘土14.0份、硅藻土14.0份、高铝矾土14.0份、岩棉12.0份、粉煤灰12.0份、莫来石15.0份、珍珠岩12.0份、氯化钙7.0份、二氧化锆7.0份、硅酸铝7.0份、结合剂14.0份(耐火粘土2.0份、水玻璃3.0份、硫酸铝2.0份、磷酸二氢铝2.0份、氧化铝2.0份、羧甲基纤维素3.0份、酚醛树脂3.0份、尿醛树脂3.0份)、增强剂12.0份(玻璃纤维3.0份、碳纤维3.0份、硼纤维3.0份、陶瓷纤维4.0份、晶须4.0份)。
一种秸秆外墙保温砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1)粉碎:取农作物秸秆120.0份,晾晒后放入秸秆粉碎机中进行粉碎,将其粉碎成所需长度5mm,然后再进行筛选分离;
S2)研磨:分别取石灰石13.0份、粘土14.0份、硅藻土14.0、高铝矾土14.0份、莫来石15.0份、珍珠岩12.0份进行研磨,研磨后过3目筛;
S3)混合:将粉碎后的农作物秸秆120.0份和研磨后的石灰石13.0份、粘土14.0份、硅藻土14.0、高铝矾土14.0份、莫来石15.0份、珍珠岩12.0份加入搅拌机中进行干混,搅拌4min,然后加入水泥11.0份、岩棉12.0份、粉煤灰12.0份、氯化钙7.0份、二氧化锆7.0份、硅酸铝7.0份,再进行搅拌,搅拌20min,在搅拌的过程中加入适量的水、结合剂14.0份(耐火粘土2.0份、水玻璃3.0份、硫酸铝2.0份、磷酸二氢铝2.0份、氧化铝2.0份、羧甲基纤维素3.0份、酚醛树脂3.0份、尿醛树脂3.0份)和增强剂12.0份(玻璃纤维3.0份、碳纤维3.0份、硼纤维3.0份、陶瓷纤维4.0份、晶须4.0份),制得混合料;
S4)成型:将S3)中制得的混合料铺装在模具中,然后进行挤压,制成胚体,然后在55℃温度下干燥24h;
S5)烧制:将S4)中成型、干燥后的胚体入窑烧制,烧制温度控制在1000℃,然后保温8h。
实施例三:一种秸秆外墙保温砖,包括以下成分:农作物秸秆、石灰石、水泥、粘土、硅藻土、高铝矾土、岩棉、粉煤灰、莫来石、珍珠岩、氯化钙、二氧化锆、硅酸铝、结合剂、增强剂,其特征在于:其各组分质量比为:农作物秸秆140.0份、石灰石16.0份、水泥14.0份、粘土16.0份、硅藻土16.0份、高铝矾土16.0份、岩棉14.0份、粉煤灰14.0份、莫来石16.0份、珍珠岩14.0份、氯化钙8.0份、二氧化锆8.0份、硅酸铝8.0份、结合剂16.0份(耐火粘土3.0份、水玻璃4.0份、硫酸铝3.0份、磷酸二氢铝3.0份、氧化铝3.0份、羧甲基纤维素4.0份、酚醛树脂4.0份、尿醛树脂4.0份)、增强剂14.0份(玻璃纤维4.0份、碳纤维4.0份、硼纤维4.0份、陶瓷纤维5.0份、晶须5.0份)。
一种秸秆外墙保温砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1)粉碎:取农作物秸秆140.0份,晾晒后放入秸秆粉碎机中进行粉碎,将其粉碎成所需长度6mm,然后再进行筛选分离;
S2)研磨:分别取石灰石16.0份、粘土16.0份、硅藻土16.0、高铝矾土16.0份、莫来石16.0份、珍珠岩14.0份进行研磨,研磨后过4目筛;
S3)混合:将粉碎后的农作物秸秆140.0份和研磨后的石灰石16.0份、粘土16.0份、硅藻土16.0、高铝矾土16.0份、莫来石16.0份、珍珠岩14.0份加入搅拌机中进行干混,搅拌5min,然后加入水泥14.0份、岩棉14.0份、粉煤灰14.0份、氯化钙8.0份、二氧化锆8.0份、硅酸铝8.0份,再进行搅拌,搅拌24min,在搅拌的过程中加入适量的水、结合剂16.0份(耐火粘土3.0份、水玻璃4.0份、硫酸铝3.0份、磷酸二氢铝3.0份、氧化铝3.0份、羧甲基纤维素4.0份、酚醛树脂4.0份、尿醛树脂4.0份)和增强剂14.0份(玻璃纤维4.0份、碳纤维4.0份、硼纤维4.0份、陶瓷纤维5.0份、晶须5.0份),制得混合料;
S4)成型:将S3)中制得的混合料铺装在模具中,然后进行挤压,制成胚体,然后在60℃温度下干燥24h;
S5)烧制:将S4)中成型、干燥后的胚体入窑烧制,烧制温度控制在1200℃,然后保温8h。
本发明好处:采用本发明中的配方制备的外墙保温砖,保温、隔音效果好,可以减少环境污染、节约土地资源,耐高温、耐磨损、防腐性能好,内部结合紧密、不易断裂,质量轻、强度大,适宜推广使用。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种秸秆外墙保温砖,包括以下成分:农作物秸秆、石灰石、水泥、粘土、硅藻土、高铝矾土、岩棉、粉煤灰、莫来石、珍珠岩、氯化钙、二氧化锆、硅酸铝、结合剂、增强剂,其特征在于:其各组分质量比为:农作物秸秆100.0-140.0份、石灰石10.0-16.0份、水泥8.0-14.0份、粘土12.0-16.0份、硅藻土12.0-16.0份、高铝矾土12.0-16.0份、岩棉10.0-14.0份、粉煤灰10.0-14.0份、莫来石14.0-16.0份、珍珠岩10.0-14.0份、氯化钙6.0-8.0份、二氧化锆6.0-8.0份、硅酸铝6.0-8.0份、结合剂12.0-16.0份、增强剂10.0-14.0份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种秸秆外墙保温砖,其特征在于:所述结合剂包括耐火粘土、水玻璃、硫酸铝、磷酸二氢铝、氧化铝、羧甲基纤维素、酚醛树脂和尿醛树脂,其各组分质量比为:耐火粘土1.0-3.0份、水玻璃2.0-4.0份、硫酸铝1.0-3.0份、磷酸二氢铝1.0-3.0份、氧化铝1.0-3.0份、羧甲基纤维素2.0-4.0份、酚醛树脂2.0-4.0份、尿醛树脂2.0-4.0份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种秸秆外墙保温砖,其特征在于:所述增强剂包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、陶瓷纤维、晶须,其各组分质量比为:玻璃纤维2.0-4.0份、碳纤维2.0-4.0份、硼纤维2.0-4.0份、陶瓷纤维3.0-5.0份、晶须3.0-5.0份。
4.一种秸秆外墙保温砖的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
S1)粉碎:取农作物秸秆100.0-140.0份,晾晒后放入秸秆粉碎机中进行粉碎,将其粉碎成所需长度4.0-6.0mm,然后再进行筛选分离;
S3)研磨:分别取石灰石10.0-16.0份、粘土12.0-16.0份、硅藻土12.0-16.0、高铝矾土12.0-16.0份、莫来石14.0-16.0份、珍珠岩10.0-14.0份进行研磨,研磨后过2-4目筛;
S3)混合:将粉碎后的农作物秸秆100.0-140.0份和研磨后的石灰石10.0-16.0份、粘土12.0-16.0份、硅藻土12.0-16.0、高铝矾土12.0-16.0份、莫来石14.0-16.0份、珍珠岩10.0-14.0份加入搅拌机中进行干混,搅拌3-5min,然后加入水泥8.0-14.0份、岩棉10.0-14.0份、粉煤灰10.0-14.0份、氯化钙6.0-8.0份、二氧化锆6.0-8.0份、硅酸铝6.0-8.0份,再进行搅拌,搅拌16-24min,在搅拌的过程中加入适量的水、结合剂12.0-16.0份(耐火粘土1.0-3.0份、水玻璃2.0-4.0份、硫酸铝1.0-3.0份、磷酸二氢铝1.0-3.0份、氧化铝1.0-3.0份、羧甲基纤维素2.0-4.0份、酚醛树脂2.0-4.0份、尿醛树脂2.0-4.0份)和增强剂10.0-14.0份(玻璃纤维2.0-4.0份、碳纤维2.0-4.0份、硼纤维2.0-4.0份、陶瓷纤维3.0-5.0份、晶须3.0-5.0份),制得混合料;
S4)成型:将S3)中制得的混合料铺装在模具中,然后进行挤压,制成胚体,然后在50-60℃温度下干燥24h;
S5)烧制:将S4)中成型、干燥后的胚体入窑烧制,烧制温度控制在800-1200℃,然后保温8h。
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Application publication date: 20190104 |