CN109109142A - 一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具 - Google Patents

一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具 Download PDF

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CN109109142A
CN109109142A CN201811024123.3A CN201811024123A CN109109142A CN 109109142 A CN109109142 A CN 109109142A CN 201811024123 A CN201811024123 A CN 201811024123A CN 109109142 A CN109109142 A CN 109109142A
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alon
mold
gas vent
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田庭燕
王震
张微
王颖
吴宁
李明
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Sinoma intraocular lens Research Institute Co., Ltd
Beijing Sinoma Synthetic Crystals Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具,包括模具主体和底座,模具主体包括位于中央的型腔,整个型腔高度为130mm,模具的型腔设有锥度;模具主体的上部和下部分别设有台阶部,底座上部设有与之相对应的凸台部。型腔内设有多个石墨垫片隔离粉料,所述石墨垫片厚度为4mm,模具的型腔内壁上设有排气孔,排气孔为圆形或十字形,排气孔的数量在模具自下而上的高度方向上逐步减少。提高了烧结产品的致密度,增加了成品率、力学和光学等性能。

Description

一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域,尤其涉及一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具。
背景技术
氮氧化铝(AlON)是Al2O3-AlN二元体系中的一个稳定的单相固溶体,是一种透明多晶陶瓷,其强度和硬度高达380MPa和1800kg/mm2,仅次于单晶蓝宝石,从近紫外(0.2μm)到中红外(6.0μm)有着很好的光学透过性,因此,AlON透明陶瓷可应用于轻型防护和装甲防弹等对于材料硬度、韧性和透光性都有严格要求的应用领域。目前制备AlON透明陶瓷所用AlON粉体的制备方法主要有两种:高温固相反应法和氧化铝还原氮化法。其中,高温固相反应法的反应机理是以Al2O3和AlN粉体为原料在高温下进行固相反应得到AlON粉体,该方法工艺简单,但要求AlN和Al2O3粉必须高纯超细,其中高质量的AlN粉体主要依赖进口,价格较高,导致生产成本较高,同时高温固相反应法反应速率不易控制,易引起粉体团聚或混合不均匀,从而严重影响材料的透光性,因此难以实现产业化。氧化铝还原氮化法是指采用Al2O3粉体为原料,与C、Al、NH3、H等还原剂混合,随后在氮气环境下还原得到AlON粉体,该方法中,主要原料Al2O3粉体纯度高、粒度小、性能稳定且价格便宜,同时以碳作为还原剂得到的产品质量稳定可靠,还原氮化反应工艺可控性好,安全、环保,所制备的AlON粉体纯度高,因此碳热还原氮化法制备高纯AlON粉具有非常好的应用前景,易实现批量化生产。但上述氧化铝还原氮化法制备出的AlON粉体,是高温烧结后得到的,需要经过再进一步的破碎和磨细,该过程增加了工序和生产成本,同时在破碎细磨过程中易引入杂质,降低粉体的质量。
目前AlON透明陶瓷制品的主要制备方法为热压烧结与无压烧结,其中热压烧结法是一种机械加压的烧结方法,把AlON等陶瓷粉末装在热压模具内,在加压的同时将粉末加热到烧成温度,从外部施加压力补充驱动力,因此可以在较短的时间内达到致密化,并且获得具有细小均匀晶粒的显微结构,石墨模具是常用的模具材料,相对便宜,易加工,且高温抗蠕变性非常好。但目前在制备过程中,亟待解决的两个问题是石墨模具的脱模和除气,由于AlON粉体中含有一定数量的气体,在热压过程中粉体被压实,粉体中的气体被压出,如果排气不顺畅,则被压出的气体不能及时排出,留在工件内部,造成气孔缺陷,使产品部件的致密性下降,影响性能,并使得废品率增加。同时热压烧结成型在高温下进行,由于高温下石墨有可能与陶瓷试样发生反应,造成接触面的侵蚀或产品粘在模具壁上,脱模困难。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具。
本发明完整的技术方案包括:
一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具,其特征在于,所述模具包括模具主体和底座,模具主体包括位于中央的型腔,整个型腔高度为130mm,模具的型腔设有(1:9)~(1:12)的锥度;
模具主体的上部和下部分别设有台阶部,所述台阶部的直径为130mm,高度为15mm,底座上部设有与之相对应的凸台部,凸台部的直径为130mm,高度为15mm。型腔内设有多个石墨垫片隔离粉料,所述石墨垫片厚度为4mm;
模具的型腔内壁上设有排气孔,所述排气孔为圆形,排气孔直径为2-5mm,排气孔深度为6-10mm,在模具底部,排气孔设置的间隔为10-15mm,而在模具顶部,排气孔设置的间隔为40-60mm,排气孔的数量在模具自下而上的高度方向上逐步减少。
所述的排气孔还可以为十字形。
利用所述的模具进行AlON热压烧结的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:以重量份计,选取AlON陶瓷粉体99-99.5份,Y2O3+La2O3粉为0.5-1份,其中AlON陶瓷粉体的平均粒径为1~10μm,Y2O3、La2O3粉体的平均粒径为150-200nm,将上述粉体混合,得到混合粉体。
(2)将粉体放入行星球磨机,加入无水乙醇作为溶剂进行球磨,球磨后放入真空干燥箱中烘干,制成混合粉料,将混合粉料在15MPa的压力下,压制形成AlON陶瓷坯体。
(3)将坯体置于石墨模具中,在惰性气氛下,真空热压炉中烧结成型,其中,真空热压炉的烧结温度为1750-1950℃,烧结压力为25-35MPa。具体地,将真空热压炉设定为阶段式程序升温,阶段式程序升温包括两个阶段:第一阶段由常温升至1400℃,升温速率为15℃/min,并保温0.5h,该阶段为无压烧结,设计升温速度较慢,并配合一定的保温时间,使坯料中的气体有充分时间溢出至排气孔或模具外;第二阶段开始加压至烧结压力,温度由1400℃升至1900℃的烧结温度,升温速率为20℃/min,并保温4h。
本发明相对于现有技术的改进为:由于本申请人在原料制备方面,在氧化铝还原氮化法的基础上引入沸腾床法,在反应室内形成自下而上的气体悬浮系统,获得了粒径非常小的AlON粉料,采用该粉体进行AlON的产品烧结大幅提高了陶瓷制品的性能,但由于粉体的粒径非常小,致使粉料中的气体含量增加,在热压烧结过程中,排气成为了主要的问题,采用传统的石墨模具烧结时,制品中的气孔含量较高,严重影响了制品质量与成品率,因而在此基础上,对石墨模具进行了锥度和排气孔设计,并优化了烧结过程,采用两段式烧结的方式,增加排气时间,提高了烧结产品的致密度,增加了成品率和性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明采用的石墨模具结构示意图。
图2为石墨模具内侧壁的排气孔结构示意图。
图3为石墨模具内侧壁的排气孔结构又一示意图。
图中:1-模具主体,2-底座,3-台阶部,4-凸台部,5-石墨垫片,6-型腔,7-排气孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
如图1-3所示,本发明中所用的模具为石墨模具,模具包括模具主体1和底座2,模具主体包括位于中央的型腔6,整个型腔高度为130mm,模具主体的上部和下部分别设有台阶部3,所述台阶部的直径为130mm,高度为15mm,底座上部设有与之相对应的凸台部4,凸台部的直径为130mm,高度为15mm。型腔内设有多个石墨垫片5用于隔离粉料,可一次做多片产品,石墨垫片厚度为4mm。
模具的型腔设有一定的锥度,在本发明中,锥度的设计主要考虑热压烧结过程中排气和烧结后的脱模难度,排气顺畅与坯料中的含气量有关,而脱模则与坯料的厚度以及坯料与模具壁的反应程度有关。在本实施例中,通过对实验结果进行分析比较,采用了(1:9)~(1:12)的锥度设计。
模具的型腔内壁上设有排气孔7,在本发明中,设置排气孔是因为在实际中发现,单纯靠锥度设计排气,并不能保证最佳的排气效果,因此在模具的内壁上加工排气孔,经验证,十字形和圆形的排气孔均可实现较好的排气设置,排气孔的直径尺寸为2-5mm,较小的尺寸保证对产品的成型不会造成影响,排气孔深度为6-10mm,提高了排气的效果,又保证了模具的强度,同时数量设置上,经过验证发现,越靠近模具底部,坯体的排气越困难,因此设计排气孔的数量在模具自下而上的高度上逐步减少,具体地,在模具底部,排气孔设置的间隔为10-15mm,而在模具顶部,排气孔设置的间隔为40-60mm。
实施例1:
本实施例中,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:以重量份计,选取AlON陶瓷粉体99.5-99份,Y2O3+La2O3粉为0.5-1份,其中AlON陶瓷粉体的平均粒径为1~10μm、Y2O3、La2O3粉体的平均粒径为150-200nm,将上述粉体混合,得到混合粉体。其中AlON陶瓷粉体是作为烧结的基体,Y2O3和La2O3粉体作为烧结助剂,在实验中对上述烧结助剂组分的含量和粒度进行反复试验后,发现此含量和粒度下能较好地实现降低烧结温度,提高烧结致密度,并适当提高产品力学和光学性能的综合效果。助剂添加含量较低则效果不明显,添加含量过高则会导致AlON基体中第二相生成,反而降低了性能。
(2)将粉体放入行星球磨机罐中,加入无水乙醇作为溶剂进行球磨,球磨后放入真空干燥箱中烘干,制成混合粉料,将混合粉料于15MPa压力下压制形成AlON陶瓷坯体。
(3)将坯体置于模具中,在惰性气氛下,真空热压炉中烧结成型,其中,真空热压炉的烧结温度为1750-1950℃,烧结压力为25-35MPa。具体地,将真空热压炉设定为阶段式程序升温,阶段式程序升温包括两个阶段:第一阶段由常温升至1400℃,升温速率为15℃/min,并保温0.5h,该阶段为无压烧结,设计升温速度较慢,并配合一定的保温时间,使坯料中的气体有充分时间溢出至排气孔或模具外;第二阶段开始加压至烧结压力,温度由1400℃升至1900℃的烧结温度,升温速率为20℃/min,并保温4h。
具体的,本发明所使用的AlON粉体,是采用Al2O3粉末与碳源作为原料,在氧化铝还原氮化法的基础上,引入沸腾床法,在沸腾床中通入氮气作为沸腾气体,使部分Al2O3在碳源的还原作用下形成气态Al2O3或Al,然后与氮气反应后形成AIN和Al2O3的混合粉末;随后继续升高沸腾床反应室内温度,使Al2O3和AIN在高温下通过固相反应生成AlON;冷却后得到AlON粉体。其中一个具体的工艺流程为:
(1)配料:采用纯度>99.99%,粒度分布D50为60nm的高纯γ-Al2O3粉末,与纯度>99.99%,粒度分布D50为180-200nm的炭黑作为原料,Al2O3与炭黑质量比为16:1;
(2)将炭黑装入加热室,预热到750℃,同时往沸腾床的反应室中通入纯度>99.99%,压力为0.8MPa的氮气,使反应室内为氮气气氛;
(3)随后高纯γ-Al2O3粉末与预热后的炭黑粉混合并由物料进口一起被送入反应室中,粉料床层厚度约为0.5m;
(4)使沸腾床反应室内温度达到1600℃,从沸腾床反应室底部的鼓风机通入纯度>99.99%,压力为1.1MPa的氮气作为沸腾气体,氮气流速为0.7m/s,保温20min,该过程中使部分Al2O3在石墨的还原作用下形成气态Al2O3或Al,然后与氮气反应后形成AIN和Al2O3的混合粉末;
(5)随后使沸腾床床反应室内温度达到1800℃,增大氮气压力到1.3Mpa,氮气流速为0.8m/s,保温15min,该过程中Al2O3和AIN在高温下通过固相反应生成γ-AlON;
(6)鼓风机将反应后的γ-AlON粉体输送到旋风分离器,进行分离,冷却后得到AlON粉体。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明作任何限制,凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具,其特征在于,所述模具包括模具主体和底座,模具主体包括位于中央的型腔,整个型腔高度为130mm,模具的型腔设有(1:9)~(1:12)的锥度;
模具主体的上部和下部分别设有台阶部,所述台阶部的直径为130mm,高度为15mm,底座上部设有与之相对应的凸台部,凸台部的直径为130mm,高度为15mm,型腔内设有多个石墨垫片隔离粉料,所述石墨垫片厚度为4mm;
模具的型腔内壁上设有排气孔,所述排气孔为圆形,排气孔直径为2-5mm,排气孔深度为6-10mm,在模具底部,排气孔设置的间隔为10-15mm,而在模具顶部,排气孔设置的间隔为40-60mm,排气孔的数量在模具自下而上的高度方向上逐步减少。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具,其特征在于,所述排气孔还可以为十字形。
3.利用权利要求1-2任一项所述的模具进行热压烧结AlON的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:以重量份计,选取AlON陶瓷粉体99-99.5份,Y2O3+La2O3粉为0.5-1份,其中AlON陶瓷粉体的平均粒径为1~10μm,Y2O3、La2O3粉体的平均粒径为150-200nm,将上述粉体混合,得到混合粉体。
(2)将粉体放入行星球磨机,加入无水乙醇作为溶剂进行球磨,球磨后放入真空干燥箱中烘干,制成混合粉料,将混合粉料在15MPa的压力下,压制形成AlON陶瓷坯体。
(3)将坯体置于石墨模具中,在惰性气氛下,真空热压炉中烧结成型,其中,真空热压炉的烧结温度为1750-1950℃,烧结压力为25-35MPa。具体地,将真空热压炉设定为阶段式程序升温,阶段式程序升温包括两个阶段:第一阶段由常温升至1400℃,升温速率为15℃/min,并保温0.5h,该阶段为无压烧结,设计升温速度较慢,并配合一定的保温时间,使坯料中的气体有充分时间溢出至排气孔或模具外;第二阶段开始加压至烧结压力,温度由1400℃升至1900℃的烧结温度,升温速率为20℃/min,并保温4h。
CN201811024123.3A 2018-09-04 2018-09-04 一种利用热压烧结AlON透明陶瓷用石墨模具进行热压烧结AlON的方法 Active CN109109142B (zh)

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