CN109100212B - Test method for influence of working face tunneling speed on coal body deformation - Google Patents
Test method for influence of working face tunneling speed on coal body deformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test method for influencing coal body deformation by the tunneling speed of a working face, which comprises the following steps: the manufacturing test device comprises a concave-shaped seal cavity and a front box, wherein a notch part of the seal cavity forms a test piece placing cavity, a front pressing plate is provided with a front pressing rod, the left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity are provided with side pressing plates, the head ends of the side pressing plates are provided with air holes, the side pressing plates are provided with side pressing rods, upper pressing plates are arranged above an upper backing plate in a front-back adjacent mode, the upper pressing plates are provided with upper pressing rods, the ends of the upper pressing rods adopt a structure that spherical balls are arranged between two clamping plates, the side wall of the seal cavity is provided with a fluid inlet hole, and the side wall of the front box is; preparing coal powder; preparing a briquette test piece; mounting a briquette test piece; applying a triaxial stress; applying gas pressure; carrying out a test; in the same group of other tests, the stress or displacement change speed of the front pressing plate withdrawing is changed; and (6) collating the test data. And (5) carrying out tests on the working face tunneling speed and coal body deformation of the molded coal test piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and particularly relates to a test method for influencing coal body deformation by the tunneling speed of a working face.
Background
The coal mine coal and gas outburst working face has large stress and high gas occurrence amount, and the tunneling speed is generally influenced. In the actual production process, measures such as advanced drilling, deep hole loosening blasting, hydraulic fracturing coal body and the like are adopted to release stress and gas in front of a working face, so that the tunneling speed of a roadway is improved.
The tunneling speed of the working face has direct influence on the underground production operation of the coal mine: the excavation speed is too low, so that the excavation and replacement are influenced, and the production is delayed; if the tunneling speed is too high, the stress and gas in front of the working face cannot be released in time, and thus production accidents are easily caused. The influence factors of the tunneling speed are various and complex, and for the coal and gas outburst working face, the coal layer stress and the gas content of the working face are main factors for limiting the tunneling speed. Under the influence of mining operation, the original stress of the coal bed is disturbed, so that the stress balance state is broken, and coal and gas outburst is easy to occur.
Along with the propulsion of the tunneling operation in front of the roadway, the coal bed stress can continuously move forwards, the stress state of the coal bed can be effectively known by monitoring the deformation of the coal bed, and the risk of coal and gas outburst is identified. Therefore, a dynamic test of coal body deformation caused by disturbance of the coal bed by the tunneling speed of the working face is developed, and theoretical support and engineering guidance can be provided for deeply disclosing a coal and gas outburst mechanism and risk identification.
At present, domestic and foreign scholars mostly concentrate on the field in the aspect of coal body deformation caused by the disturbance of the working face tunneling speed on a coal bed, only indoor researches also concentrate on two-dimensional analog simulation, the influence of gas pressure is not considered, and an effective test device and an effective test method are still lacked for simulating the coal body deformation caused by the disturbance of the working face tunneling speed on the coal bed in the true triaxial stress state, so that the influences of the working face tunneling speed and the coal body deformation of various parameters in the true triaxial stress state are researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an influence of the working face excavation speed in the true triaxial stress state on the coal seam deformation.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a test method for influencing coal body deformation by a working face tunneling speed comprises the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a test device;
the test device comprises a concave-shaped seal cavity, a notch of the seal cavity faces the front, a front box which is equal in height and width to the notch is arranged in front of the seal cavity, the rear part and the top of the front box are both open and just connected with the notch, the front box and the seal cavity share the same bottom plate, and a plurality of front pressing plates are arranged between the notch of the seal cavity and the front box in a left-right close manner, so that the notch of the seal cavity forms a test piece placing cavity;
each front pressure plate is provided with a front pressure rod, the front pressure rods penetrate through the front boxes from front to back to be connected with the corresponding front pressure plate, the front pressure rods corresponding to the front pressure plates are independently controlled, and the tunneling speed of a working face is simulated through sequential unloading; the left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity are respectively provided with a side pressing plate, the head end of each side pressing plate is inserted into the corresponding side wall of the sealed cavity, the head end of each side pressing plate is provided with an air hole for communicating the test piece placing cavity with the sealed cavity, each side pressing plate is respectively provided with a side pressing rod, and the side pressing rods penetrate through the sealed cavity from outside to inside and are connected with the tail ends of the side pressing plates; the upper edges of the inner walls of the test piece placing cavity and the front box share the same upper base plate, a plurality of upper pressure plates are arranged above the upper base plate in a front-back adjacent mode, each upper pressure plate is provided with an upper pressure rod, the end of each upper pressure rod adopts a structure that a spherical ball is arranged between two clamping plates, the upper pressure rods corresponding to the upper pressure plates are independently controlled, and different loads are applied to reflect the uneven deformation of the coal seam roof under the non-uniform load;
a fluid inlet hole is formed in the side wall of the sealed cavity, and a fluid outlet hole is formed in the side wall of the front box;
step two, preparing coal powder, crushing and grinding raw coal to a required particle size range, screening the ground coal powder through a vibrating screen, and drying for later use;
step three, preparing a briquette test piece, mixing coal powder according to the particle size ratio, adding a coal powder binder in proportion, stirring uniformly, and filling the coal powder into a mold to press the coal powder into a square briquette test piece;
step four, mounting a molded coal test piece, and placing the pressed molded coal test piece into a test piece placing cavity of the test device;
applying triaxial stress, and applying stress to the side pressure rods, the front pressure rod and the upper pressure rod at the left, right and rear parts of the test device to make the briquette test piece be subjected to triaxial constraint;
step six, applying gas pressure, injecting gas into the test device through the fluid inlet hole, and enabling the gas to enter the molded coal test piece through the air holes in the left side pressure plate, the right side pressure plate and the rear side pressure plate, so that a certain gas pressure is formed in the molded coal test piece, and the next step is performed after the gas injection pressure is kept unchanged;
step seven, performing a test, namely sequentially withdrawing the front pressing plate from left to right or from right to left in the direction away from the briquette test piece according to the set stress or displacement change speed, obtaining coal seam deformation data by recording the displacement amounts of the left side pressing plate, the right side pressing plate, the rear side pressing plate and the upper pressing plate at different positions, and simultaneously recording the gas flow change of the fluid outlet;
step eight, other tests in the same group change the speed of the front pressing plate withdrawing in sequence, and the step four to the step seven are repeated;
and step nine, collating the test data.
Preferably, in the first step, the upper press plate has seven parts, and the front press plate has six parts.
Preferably, in the first step, the two fluid inlet holes are symmetrically arranged on the rear side wall of the sealed cavity; the fluid outlet holes are arranged on the left side wall or the right side wall of the front box; accordingly, in step six, gas is simultaneously injected into the test device through the two fluid inlets. The mode that the fluid is symmetrically fed into the rear side wall of the sealed cavity body from left to right is adopted, so that the pressure of the fluid injected into the sealed cavity body is fast and stable, the fluid uniformly enters the test piece placing cavity through the air holes in the side pressure plates in three directions, the test preparation time is saved, and the test efficiency is improved.
More preferably, in the third step, the briquette test piece is a square block with the thickness of 600mm × 600mm × 100mm, and correspondingly, in the first step, the test piece placing cavity is also a square cavity with the thickness of 600mm × 600mm × 100 mm.
More preferably, in the second step, the raw coal is crushed and ground and then dried at 105-110 ℃ for 22-26 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the stress applied to each pressure plate can truly simulate the stress state of the three-axis original rock of the coal bed, the gas source can simulate the gas pressure, the successive unloading of the front pressure plate simulates the tunneling process of the working face, the unloading speed can simulate the tunneling speed of the working face, and the deformation of the briquette test piece can be obtained by obtaining the displacement variation of each pressure rod. The invention utilizes the test device capable of applying true triaxial stress and optimizes the test steps, thereby carrying out mining disturbance test on the molded coal test piece, providing a test method for influencing the deformation of the coal body by the tunneling speed of the working face, and providing theoretical support and engineering guidance for the safety production of the coal mine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the test apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the end of the upper platen.
The figures are labeled as follows: the device comprises a seal cavity 1, a front box 2, a front pressure plate 3, a front pressure rod 4, a bottom plate 5, a test piece placing cavity 6, a side pressure plate 7, a side pressure rod 8, an upper backing plate 9, an upper pressure plate 10, an upper pressure rod 11, a fluid inlet hole 12, a fluid outlet hole 13, a first seal ring 14a, a second seal ring 14b, a third seal ring 14c, a fourth seal gasket 14d, a cover plate 15, a bolt 16 and a molded coal test piece 17.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
a test method for influencing coal body deformation by a working face tunneling speed comprises the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a testing device.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the testing device mainly comprises a sealed cavity 1, a front box 2, a front pressure plate 3, a front pressure rod 4, a side pressure plate 7, a side pressure rod 8, an upper backing plate 9, an upper pressure plate 10 and an upper pressure rod 11.
The whole sealing cavity 1 is concave, and the notch of the sealing cavity 1 faces the front.
A front box 2 which has the same height and width with the notch part is arranged in front of the sealed cavity 1. The front box 2 is open at the back and the top and is just connected with the notch part. The front box 2 and the sealed cavity 1 share the same bottom plate 5, namely, the front box 2 is only provided with a left side wall, a right side wall and a front side wall. A plurality of front pressing plates 3 are arranged between the notch part of the seal cavity 1 and the front box 2 in a left-right close manner, so that the notch part of the seal cavity 1 forms a test piece placing cavity 6, and the test piece placing cavity 6 is used for placing a briquette test piece 17.
Each front pressing plate 3 is provided with a front pressing rod 4, the front pressing rods 4 penetrate through the front box 2 from front to back to be connected with the corresponding front pressing plate 3, the front pressing rods 4 corresponding to the front pressing plates 3 are independently controlled, and the tunneling speed of the working face is simulated through sequential unloading. Preferably, the front pressing plate 3 and the front box 2 are made of transparent materials, so that a tester can observe the crack propagation condition on the surface of the test piece in the test process. The transparent material is especially high strength and toughness transparent polycarbonate plate, and has excellent performance.
The left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity 6 are respectively provided with a side pressing plate 7, the head end of the side pressing plate 7 is inserted into the corresponding side wall of the sealed cavity 1, and the head end of the side pressing plate 7 is provided with an air hole 7a for communicating the test piece placing cavity 6 and the sealed cavity 1. Each side pressure plate 7 is provided with a side pressure rod 8, and the side pressure rods 8 penetrate through the sealed cavity 1 from outside to inside to be connected with the tail ends of the side pressure plates 7. Preferably, the side pressure plate 7 adopts a structure that a vertical parting strip is arranged in a rectangular outer frame, and the vertical parting strip is just staggered with the vent hole 7a, so that fluid in the sealed cavity 1 can enter the test piece placing cavity 6 through the vent hole 7 a.
The upper edges of the inner walls of the test piece placing cavity 6 and the front box 2 share the same upper cushion plate 9, and a plurality of upper pressure plates 10 are arranged above the upper cushion plate 9 in a front-back close mode. Each upper pressure plate 10 is equipped with an upper pressure rod 11, the end of the upper pressure rod 11 adopts a structure (shown in fig. 4) that a spherical ball 11b is installed between two clamping plates 11a, and the upper pressure rod 11 corresponding to each upper pressure plate 10 is independently controlled and reflects the uneven deformation of the coal seam roof under the uneven load by applying different loads. Because the upper pressure plate 10 is arranged by a plurality of blocks, the upper base plate 9 is additionally arranged, the sealing performance of the test piece placing cavity 6 is ensured, and a coal seam roof and a goaf are simulated.
A fluid inlet hole 12 is formed in the side wall of the sealed cavity 1, and fluid is introduced into the sealed cavity 1 through the fluid inlet hole 12; the side wall of the front box 2 is provided with a fluid outlet 13, and fluid is discharged through the fluid outlet 13 in the test process. Preferably, the two fluid inlet holes 12 are symmetrically arranged on the rear side wall of the sealed cavity 1; the fluid outlet holes 13 are arranged on the left side wall or the right side wall of the front box 2.
Further, the specimen-placing chamber 6 is preferably a square chamber having the same length and width.
The bottom plate 5 and the cover plate 15 are fixed to the side wall of the sealed cavity 1 by bolts 16. In order to ensure the sealing performance of the test device, a first sealing ring 14a is arranged between the bottom plate 5 and the sealing cavity 1 and between the bottom plate and the test piece placing cavity 6; second sealing rings 14b are arranged between the sealing cavity 1 and the side pressure rod 8 and between the sealing cavity 1 and the side pressure plate 7; a third sealing ring 14c is arranged between the sealing cavity 1 and the cover plate 15; a fourth gasket 14d is disposed between the seal cavity 1 and the upper mat 9.
Preferably, the front pressure lever 4 is in threaded connection with the front pressure plate 3, and the side pressure lever 8 is in threaded connection with the side pressure plate 7, or other fixed connection modes can be adopted.
Preferably, the number of the upper pressing plates 10 is seven, and the upper pressing rod 11 corresponding to each upper pressing plate 10 is controlled by a respective independent control part to reflect the uneven deformation of the coal seam roof; the number of the front pressing plates 3 is six, the front pressing rods 4 corresponding to the front pressing plates 3 are respectively controlled by respective independent control parts, and the tunneling speed of the working face is simulated through sequential unloading.
The test device has the characteristics that:
1. true triaxial stress can be applied from the front and back, the left and right sides and the upper side, the end of the upper pressure plate adopts a structure that a spherical ball is arranged between two clamping plates, and non-uniform load can be applied, so that non-uniform deformation of the top plate is truly simulated.
2. The front pressure plate adopts a structure of combining a plurality of blocks, and the tunneling process of the working face is simulated by gradual unloading; the upper pressure plate adopts a plurality of combined and optimized end head structures of the upper pressure rod, the upper pressure plate is respectively and independently controlled to simulate the loading of non-uniform load of the coal seam roof, and the upper base plate simulates the coal seam roof and a goaf; compared with a manual tunneling mode, the method simulates the actual working condition more truly, and therefore the test precision is improved.
3. The pressure plates on the rear side, the left side and the right side of the test piece are provided with air holes, the test piece can be inflated through the fluid inlet holes to reach certain gas pressure, and the bottom, the front and the upper part of the test piece are provided with no gas source supply holes, so that the actual working condition can be reflected more truly, and the test precision is improved.
4. The test device adopts a sealing structure, and can apply related gas pressure, so that the real working condition is reflected.
And step two, preparing coal powder, crushing and grinding raw coal to a required particle size range, screening the ground coal powder through a vibrating screen, and drying for later use. Preferably, the raw coal is crushed, ground and dried at 105-110 ℃ for 22-26 hours.
And step three, preparing a briquette test piece, namely mixing the coal powder according to the particle size ratio, adding the coal powder binder in proportion, uniformly stirring, and filling the coal powder into a mold to press the coal powder into a square briquette test piece.
Preferably, the briquette coal test piece is a square block with the thickness of 600mm × 600mm, 600mm × 100mm and 100mm, and correspondingly, in the step one, the test piece placing cavity 6 is also a square cavity with the thickness of 600mm × 600mm, 600mm and × 100 mm.
And step four, mounting the molded coal test piece, and placing the pressed molded coal test piece into the test piece placing cavity 6 of the test device.
And fifthly, applying triaxial stress to apply stress to the left, right and rear side compression bars 8, the front compression bar 4 and the upper compression bar 11 of the test device, so that the molded coal test piece is subjected to triaxial constraint.
And sixthly, applying gas pressure, injecting gas into the test device through the fluid inlet holes 12, and enabling the gas to enter the molded coal test piece through the air holes 7a in the left side pressure plate, the right side pressure plate and the rear side pressure plate 7, so that a certain gas pressure is formed in the molded coal test piece, and the molded coal test piece enters the next step after the gas injection pressure is kept unchanged. When there are two fluid inlet holes 12, gas is simultaneously injected into the test device through the two fluid inlet holes 12.
Step seven, performing a test, namely sequentially withdrawing the front pressing plate 3 from left to right or from right to left in the direction away from the briquette test piece according to the set stress or displacement change speed, obtaining coal seam deformation data by recording the displacement of the left, right and rear side pressing plates 7 and the upper pressing plate 10 at different positions, and simultaneously recording the gas flow change of the fluid outlet hole 13;
step eight, other tests in the same group change the speed of the front pressing plate 3 withdrawing in sequence, and the steps four to seven are repeated.
For example, coal powder with different particle sizes is prepared by mixing coal powder with a particle size of less than 40 meshes: 40-60 mesh: 60-80 meshes: 80-100 meshes: mixing the materials in a mass ratio of more than 100 meshes to 1:1:1:1, adding 5% of milk white glue as a bonding agent, pressing the mixture into a briquette test piece, and performing repeated tests according to the following table:
repeated tests are carried out according to the table, and the relation between the working face tunneling speed and the total coal body deformation in the triaxial stress state can be researched.
And step nine, collating the test data.
Claims (5)
1. A test method for influencing coal body deformation by a working face tunneling speed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, manufacturing a test device;
the test device comprises a concave-shaped seal cavity (1), a notch of the seal cavity (1) faces the front, a front box (2) which is equal in height and width to the notch is arranged in front of the seal cavity (1), the rear part and the top of the front box (2) are both open and just connected with the notch, the front box (2) and the seal cavity (1) share the same bottom plate (5), and a plurality of front pressing plates (3) are arranged between the notch of the seal cavity (1) and the front box (2) in a left-right close manner, so that the notch of the seal cavity (1) forms a test piece placing cavity (6);
each front pressure plate (3) is provided with a front pressure rod (4), the front pressure rods (4) penetrate through the front box (2) from front to back to be connected with the corresponding front pressure plate (3), the front pressure rods (4) corresponding to each front pressure plate (3) are independently controlled, and the tunneling speed of a working face is simulated through sequential unloading; the left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity (6) are respectively provided with a side pressing plate (7), the head end of each side pressing plate (7) is inserted into the corresponding side wall of the sealed cavity (1), the head end is provided with an air hole (7a) for communicating the test piece placing cavity (6) with the sealed cavity (1), each side pressing plate (7) is respectively provided with a side pressing rod (8), and each side pressing rod (8) penetrates through the sealed cavity (1) from outside to inside to be connected with the tail end of each side pressing plate (7); the test piece placing cavity (6) and the upper edge of the inner wall of the front box (2) share the same upper backing plate (9), a plurality of upper pressure plates (10) are arranged above the upper backing plate (9) in a front-back adjacent mode, each upper pressure plate (10) is provided with an upper pressure rod (11), the end of each upper pressure rod (11) adopts a structure that a spherical ball (11b) is arranged between two clamping plates (11a), the upper pressure rods (11) corresponding to the upper pressure plates (10) are independently controlled, and different loads are applied to reflect the uneven deformation of the coal seam roof under the non-uniform load;
a fluid inlet hole (12) is formed in the side wall of the sealed cavity (1), and a fluid outlet hole (13) is formed in the side wall of the front box (2);
step two, preparing coal powder, crushing and grinding raw coal to a required particle size range, screening the ground coal powder through a vibrating screen, and drying for later use;
step three, preparing a briquette test piece, mixing coal powder according to the particle size ratio, adding a coal powder binder in proportion, stirring uniformly, and filling the coal powder into a mold to press the coal powder into a square briquette test piece;
step four, mounting a molded coal test piece, and placing the pressed molded coal test piece into a test piece placing cavity (6) of the test device;
applying triaxial stress, and applying stress to the left, right and rear side pressure rods (8), the front pressure rod (4) and the upper pressure rod (11) of the test device to make the briquette test piece be subjected to triaxial constraint;
step six, applying gas pressure, injecting gas into the test device through the fluid inlet holes (12), and enabling the gas to enter the molded coal test piece through the air holes (7a) on the left side pressure plate, the right side pressure plate and the rear side pressure plate (7), so that a certain gas pressure is formed in the molded coal test piece, and the molded coal test piece enters the next step after the gas injection pressure is kept unchanged;
seventhly, performing a test, namely sequentially withdrawing the front pressing plate (3) from left to right or from right to left in the direction away from the briquette test piece according to the set stress or displacement change speed, obtaining coal seam deformation data by recording the displacement of the left side pressing plate, the right side pressing plate, the rear side pressing plate (7) and the upper pressing plate (10) at different positions, and simultaneously recording the gas flow change of the fluid outlet hole (13);
step eight, other tests in the same group change the speed of the front pressing plate (3) withdrawing in sequence, and the step four to the step seven are repeated;
and step nine, collating the test data.
2. The test method for the influence of the working face tunneling speed on the coal body deformation according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the first step, the number of the upper pressing plates (10) is seven, and the number of the front pressing plates (3) is six.
3. The test method for the influence of the face excavation speed on the coal body deformation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the first step, the two fluid inlet holes (12) are arranged on the rear side wall of the sealed cavity (1) in a bilateral symmetry manner; the fluid outlet holes (13) are arranged on the left side wall or the right side wall of the front box (2); correspondingly, in step six, gas is injected into the test device simultaneously through two fluid inlet holes (12).
4. The test method for the influence of the face excavation speed on the coal body deformation according to claim 3, is characterized in that in the third step, the briquette test piece is a square block with the size of 600mm × 600mm × 100mm, and correspondingly, in the first step, the test piece placing cavity (6) is also a square cavity with the size of 600mm × 600mm × 100 mm.
5. The test method for the influence of the working face tunneling speed on the coal body deformation according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the raw coal is dried for 22-26 hours at 105-110 ℃ after being crushed and ground.
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| CN109100212A (en) | 2018-12-28 |
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