CN109142028B - Coal seam deformation test device caused by working face tunneling - Google Patents
Coal seam deformation test device caused by working face tunneling Download PDFInfo
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- CN109142028B CN109142028B CN201810949919.3A CN201810949919A CN109142028B CN 109142028 B CN109142028 B CN 109142028B CN 201810949919 A CN201810949919 A CN 201810949919A CN 109142028 B CN109142028 B CN 109142028B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for coal seam deformation caused by face excavation, which comprises a concave-shaped seal cavity, wherein the back part and the top part of a front box are both opened and just connected with a notch part, and a plurality of front pressing plates are arranged between the notch part of the seal cavity and the front box in a left-right close manner, so that the notch part of the seal cavity forms a test piece placing cavity; each front pressure plate is provided with a front pressure rod, the left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity are respectively provided with a side pressure plate, the head end of each side pressure plate is provided with an air hole, and each side pressure plate is respectively provided with a side pressure rod; the upper edges of the inner walls of the test piece placing cavity and the front box share the same upper base plate, a plurality of upper pressure plates are arranged above the upper base plate in a front-back adjacent mode, each upper pressure plate is provided with an upper pressure rod, and the end of each upper pressure rod is of a structure that a spherical ball is arranged between two clamping plates; the side wall of the sealing cavity is provided with a fluid inlet hole, and the side wall of the front box is provided with a fluid outlet hole. The test device can simulate actual working conditions more truly and improve test precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a simulation test device, in particular to a simulation test device for testing coal seam deformation in a working face tunneling process.
Background
In the coal mining production process, the working face is tunneled to form a local goaf underground, and the original stress distribution state and the stress balance of the stratum are damaged. In the stress redistribution process, the coal bed is unevenly deformed, so that the top plate is sunk and collapsed, and the most direct threat brought by rock burst or rock burst is rock burst, thereby seriously influencing the safe production of coal mine resources in China. Understanding the formation mechanism and disaster-causing mechanism of rock burst and improving the safety of coal production are important problems in front of related researchers. Therefore, the key factor of roof deformation in the process of working face tunneling is taken as a hand point, and the key way of knowing rock burst or rock burst is an important way.
In the process of tunneling the working face of the coal bed, the top plate is not uniformly deformed, and the nonuniform stress distribution is generated in the coal bed due to the non-uniformity of the stress, so that the permeability characteristic of coal bed gas is influenced; meanwhile, the non-uniform stress distribution of the coal seam adversely affects the deformation of the top plate and the stress state of the hydraulic support.
In the prior art, a two-dimensional simulation test is usually adopted to study the coal seam deformation and roof collapse process in the tunneling process. However, the existing test device has the following problems: 1. the analog simulation test is a two-dimensional test, only the left, right and upper parts are restricted, lateral expansion lacks restriction, and the real stress state of a rock stratum cannot be reflected; 2. the tunneling process is mostly manually operated, the tunneling speed cannot be kept constant, and the precision cannot be guaranteed; 3. the two-axis stress loading mode is mostly manual hydraulic pump loading, the control mode is limited to fixed load control, and the stress end of the two-axis stress loading mode has obvious change along with displacement and is not in accordance with the real situation; 4. the test device is mostly in a non-sealing state, related gas pressure cannot be applied, and real working conditions are difficult to reflect. In conclusion, the conventional testing device has low precision.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for testing coal seam deformation caused by face excavation with higher test accuracy.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a coal seam deformation test device caused by face excavation comprises a concave-shaped seal cavity, wherein a notch of the seal cavity faces the front, a front box which is equal in height and width to the notch is arranged in front of the seal cavity, the rear part and the top of the front box are both open and just connected with the notch, the front box and the seal cavity share the same bottom plate, and a plurality of front pressing plates are arranged between the notch of the seal cavity and the front box in a left-right close manner, so that the notch of the seal cavity forms a test piece placing cavity;
each front pressure plate is provided with a front pressure rod, and the front pressure rods penetrate through the front boxes from front to back to be connected with the corresponding front pressure plates; the left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity are respectively provided with a side pressing plate, the head end of each side pressing plate is inserted into the corresponding side wall of the sealed cavity, the head end of each side pressing plate is provided with an air hole for communicating the test piece placing cavity with the sealed cavity, each side pressing plate is respectively provided with a side pressing rod, and the side pressing rods penetrate through the sealed cavity from outside to inside and are connected with the tail ends of the side pressing plates; the test piece placing cavity and the upper edge of the inner wall of the front box share the same upper base plate, a plurality of upper pressure plates are arranged above the upper base plate in a front-back adjacent mode, each upper pressure plate is provided with an upper pressure rod, and the end of each upper pressure rod is of a structure that a spherical ball is arranged between two clamping plates;
the side wall of the seal cavity is provided with a fluid inlet hole, and the side wall of the front box is provided with a fluid outlet hole.
Preferably, the side pressure plates adopt a structure that vertical partition strips are arranged in the rectangular outer frame, and the vertical partition strips just stagger with the air holes, so that fluid in the sealed cavity can enter the test piece placing cavity through the air holes. The structure of the side pressure plate is optimized, the weight is reduced on the premise of ensuring the strength of the whole structure, the processing and the manufacturing are convenient, and meanwhile, the fluid in the sealing cavity is ensured to smoothly enter the test piece placing cavity through the air holes.
Preferably, the number of the fluid inlet holes is two, and the fluid inlet holes are symmetrically arranged on the rear side wall of the sealed cavity; the fluid outlet holes are arranged on the left side wall or the right side wall of the front box. The mode that the fluid is symmetrically fed into the rear side wall of the sealed cavity body from left to right is adopted, so that the pressure of the fluid injected into the sealed cavity body is fast and stable, the fluid uniformly enters the test piece placing cavity through the air holes in the side pressure plates in three directions, the test preparation time is saved, and the test efficiency is improved.
Further preferably, the test piece placing cavity is a square cavity with the same length and width. Accordingly, the test also used square blocks of equal length and width.
Preferably, a first sealing ring is arranged between the bottom plate and the sealing cavity body and between the bottom plate and the test piece placing cavity; second sealing rings are arranged among the sealing cavity, the side pressure rod and the side pressure plate; a third sealing ring is arranged between the sealing cavity and the cover plate; and a fourth sealing gasket is arranged between the sealing cavity and the upper backing plate. And the sealing structure is optimized, and the sealing reliability of the device in the test process is ensured.
Further preferably, the front pressure rod is in threaded connection with the front pressure plate, and the side pressure rods are in threaded connection with the side pressure plates, so that the front pressure rod and the side pressure plates are convenient and quick to install and connect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. true triaxial stress can be applied from the front and back, the left and right sides and the upper side, the end of the upper pressure plate adopts a structure that a spherical ball is arranged between two clamping plates, and non-uniform load can be applied, so that non-uniform deformation of the top plate is truly simulated.
2. The front pressure plate adopts a structure of combining a plurality of blocks, and the tunneling process of the working face is simulated by gradual unloading; the upper pressure plate adopts a plurality of combined and optimized end head structures of the upper pressure rod, the upper pressure plate is respectively and independently controlled to simulate the loading of non-uniform load of the coal seam roof, and the upper base plate simulates the coal seam roof and a goaf; compared with a manual tunneling mode, the method simulates the actual working condition more truly, and therefore the test precision is improved.
3. The pressure plates on the rear side, the left side and the right side of the test piece are provided with air holes, the test piece can be inflated through the fluid inlet holes to reach certain gas pressure, and the bottom, the front and the upper part of the test piece are provided with no gas source supply holes, so that the actual working condition can be reflected more truly, and the test precision is improved.
4. The test device adopts a sealing structure, and can apply related gas pressure, so that the real working condition is reflected.
In conclusion, the test device can simulate the actual working condition more truly, and the test precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the end of the upper platen.
The figures are labeled as follows: the device comprises a seal cavity 1, a front box 2, a front pressure plate 3, a front pressure rod 4, a bottom plate 5, a test piece placing cavity 6, a side pressure plate 7, a side pressure rod 8, an upper backing plate 9, an upper pressure plate 10, an upper pressure rod 11, a fluid inlet hole 12, a fluid outlet hole 13, a first seal ring 14a, a second seal ring 14b, a third seal ring 14c, a fourth seal gasket 14d, a cover plate 15, a bolt 16 and a test piece 17.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1-3, the device for testing coal seam deformation caused by face excavation mainly comprises a seal cavity 1, a front box 2, a front pressure plate 3, a front pressure rod 4, a side pressure plate 7, a side pressure rod 8, an upper backing plate 9, an upper pressure plate 10 and an upper pressure rod 11.
The whole sealing cavity 1 is concave, and the notch of the sealing cavity 1 faces the front.
A front box 2 which has the same height and width with the notch part is arranged in front of the sealed cavity 1. The front box 2 is open at the back and the top and is just connected with the notch part. The front box 2 and the sealed cavity 1 share the same bottom plate 5, namely, the front box 2 is only provided with a left side wall, a right side wall and a front side wall. A plurality of front pressing plates 3 are arranged between the notch part of the seal cavity 1 and the front box 2 in a left-right close manner, so that the notch part of the seal cavity 1 forms a test piece placing cavity 6, and the test piece placing cavity 6 is used for placing a test piece 17. The test piece 17 is a briquette test piece, and the size of the test piece is ensured to be just placed in the test piece placing cavity 6.
Each front pressure plate 3 is equipped with a front pressure rod 4, and the front pressure rods 4 penetrate through the front box 2 from front to back to be connected with the corresponding front pressure plate 3. Preferably, the front pressing plate 3 and the front box 2 are made of transparent materials, so that a tester can observe the crack propagation condition on the surface of the test piece in the test process. The transparent material is especially high strength and toughness transparent polycarbonate plate, and has excellent performance.
The left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity 6 are respectively provided with a side pressing plate 7, the head end of the side pressing plate 7 is inserted into the corresponding side wall of the sealed cavity 1, and the head end of the side pressing plate 7 is provided with an air hole 7a for communicating the test piece placing cavity 6 and the sealed cavity 1. Each side pressure plate 7 is provided with a side pressure rod 8, and the side pressure rods 8 penetrate through the sealed cavity 1 from outside to inside to be connected with the tail ends of the side pressure plates 7. Preferably, the side pressure plate 7 adopts a structure that a vertical parting strip is arranged in a rectangular outer frame, and the vertical parting strip is just staggered with the vent hole 7a, so that fluid in the sealed cavity 1 can enter the test piece placing cavity 6 through the vent hole 7 a.
The upper edges of the inner walls of the test piece placing cavity 6 and the front box 2 share the same upper cushion plate 9, and a plurality of upper pressure plates 10 are arranged above the upper cushion plate 9 in a front-back close mode. Each upper pressure plate 10 is provided with an upper pressure rod 11, the end of the upper pressure rod 11 adopts a structure that a spherical ball 11b is arranged between two clamping plates 11a (as shown in figure 4), and the application of the load on each upper pressure plate 10 is independently controlled, so that the application of non-uniform load is realized. Because the upper pressure plate 10 is arranged by a plurality of blocks, the upper base plate 9 is additionally arranged, the sealing performance of the test piece placing cavity 6 is ensured, and a coal seam roof and a goaf are simulated.
A fluid inlet hole 12 is formed in the side wall of the sealed cavity 1, and fluid is introduced into the sealed cavity 1 through the fluid inlet hole 12; the side wall of the front box 2 is provided with a fluid outlet 13, and fluid is discharged through the fluid outlet 13 in the test process. Preferably, the two fluid inlet holes 12 are symmetrically arranged on the rear side wall of the sealed cavity 1; the fluid outlet holes 13 are arranged on the left side wall or the right side wall of the front box 2. The fluid inlet hole 12 is used for filling gas into the test device, the gas enters the test piece through the air holes 7a on the side pressure plate 7, the fluid outlet hole 13 is used as a gas outlet, and the gas flow rate is detected.
Further, the specimen-placing chamber 6 is preferably a square chamber having the same length and width.
The bottom plate 5 and the cover plate 15 are fixed to the side wall of the sealed cavity 1 by bolts 16. In order to ensure the sealing performance of the test device, a first sealing ring 14a is arranged between the bottom plate 5 and the sealing cavity 1 and between the bottom plate and the test piece placing cavity 6; second sealing rings 14b are arranged between the sealing cavity 1 and the side pressure rod 8 and between the sealing cavity 1 and the side pressure plate 7; a third sealing ring 14c is arranged between the sealing cavity 1 and the cover plate 15; a fourth gasket 14d is disposed between the seal cavity 1 and the upper mat 9.
Preferably, the front pressure lever 4 is in threaded connection with the front pressure plate 3, and the side pressure lever 8 is in threaded connection with the side pressure plate 7, or other fixed connection modes can be adopted.
When a test piece is installed, an upper pressure plate 10 of the test device is lifted, an upper backing plate 9 is withdrawn from the device, the front pressure plate 3 and all the side pressure plates 7 are all withdrawn to initial positions, the pressed test piece is placed into the test piece placing cavity 6, whether each sealing element is loosened or not is checked, then the upper backing plate 9 is installed and pressed down to be close to the upper surface of the test piece 17, the upper pressure plate 10 is lowered to be close to the upper backing plate 9, and loads are gradually applied to the test piece by the upper pressure plate 10, the front pressure plate 3 and all the side pressure plates 7 until the test piece reaches a preset stress state.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a working face is tunneled and is sent coal seam deformation test device which characterized in that: the test piece placing cavity comprises a concave-shaped seal cavity body (1), a notch of the seal cavity body (1) faces the front, a front box (2) which is equal in height and width to the notch is arranged in front of the seal cavity body (1), the rear part and the top part of the front box (2) are both open and just connected with the notch, the front box (2) and the seal cavity body (1) share the same bottom plate (5), and a plurality of front pressing plates (3) are arranged between the notch of the seal cavity body (1) and the front box (2) in a left-right close manner, so that the notch of the seal cavity body (1) forms a test piece placing cavity (6);
each front pressure plate (3) is provided with a front pressure rod (4), and the front pressure rods (4) penetrate through the front box (2) from front to back to be connected with the corresponding front pressure plate (3); the left side, the right side and the rear side of the test piece placing cavity (6) are respectively provided with a side pressing plate (7), the head end of each side pressing plate (7) is inserted into the corresponding side wall of the sealed cavity (1), the head end is provided with an air hole (7a) for communicating the test piece placing cavity (6) with the sealed cavity (1), each side pressing plate (7) is respectively provided with a side pressing rod (8), and each side pressing rod (8) penetrates through the sealed cavity (1) from outside to inside to be connected with the tail end of each side pressing plate (7); the upper edges of the inner walls of the test piece placing cavity (6) and the front box (2) share the same upper base plate (9), a plurality of upper pressure plates (10) are arranged above the upper base plate (9) in a front-back adjacent mode, each upper pressure plate (10) is provided with an upper pressure rod (11), and the end of each upper pressure rod (11) is of a structure that a spherical ball (11b) is arranged between two clamping plates (11 a);
a fluid inlet hole (12) is formed in the side wall of the sealing cavity (1), and a fluid outlet hole (13) is formed in the side wall of the front box (2).
2. The working face coal seam deformation test device caused by tunneling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the side pressure plate (7) adopts a structure that vertical parting strips are arranged in the rectangular outer frame, and the vertical parting strips just stagger with the air holes, so that fluid in the sealed cavity (1) can enter the test piece placing cavity (6) through the air holes (7 a).
3. The working face coal seam deformation test device caused by tunneling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the two fluid inlet holes (12) are arranged on the rear side wall of the sealed cavity (1) in a bilateral symmetry manner; the fluid outlet holes (13) are arranged on the left side wall or the right side wall of the front box (2) in a sharing mode.
4. The working face coal seam deformation test device caused by tunneling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the test piece placing cavity (6) is a square cavity with the same length and width.
5. The working face coal seam deformation test device caused by tunneling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a first sealing ring (14a) is arranged between the bottom plate (5) and the seal cavity body (1) as well as the test piece placing cavity (6); second sealing rings (14b) are arranged among the sealing cavity (1), the side pressure rod (8) and the side pressure plate (7); a third sealing ring (14c) is arranged between the sealing cavity (1) and the cover plate (15); and a fourth sealing gasket (14d) is arranged between the sealing cavity (1) and the upper backing plate (9).
6. The working face coal seam deformation test device caused by tunneling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the front pressure lever (4) is in threaded connection with the front pressure plate (3), and the side pressure lever (8) is in threaded connection with the side pressure plate (7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810949919.3A CN109142028B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Coal seam deformation test device caused by working face tunneling |
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| CN201810949919.3A CN109142028B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Coal seam deformation test device caused by working face tunneling |
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| CN109142028A CN109142028A (en) | 2019-01-04 |
| CN109142028B true CN109142028B (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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| CN109916750A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-21 | 重庆大学 | Coal and gas prominent simulation test test piece box |
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