CN109096409A - 一种弱凝、易溶性亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种弱凝、易溶性亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种弱凝、易溶性亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物,其制备方法是将亚洲蜈蚣藻藻体剪碎后用纤维素酶溶液浸泡处理;然后添加清水加热提取2‑4h,提取温度控制在40‑55℃;提取结束后,过滤收集滤液,将滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后用95%的乙醇对滤液进行沉淀,收集絮状沉淀进行干燥、粉碎后获得亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物。本发明采用纤维素酶代替KOH对蜈蚣藻进行破壁处理,且提取温度低,本工艺不仅可大大降低中和KOH的用水量,而且可以有效保护蜈蚣藻多糖中丰富的氨基酸和核苷成分。本发明提取的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖具有弱凝、常温易溶解等优良特性,富含多种藻氨酸蜈蚣藻胶,因此可添加于液态奶制品中开发具有功能性的风味奶制品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品技术领域,具体涉及一种弱凝、易溶性亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物及其应用。
背景技术
蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia asiatica)是具有重要经济利用价值的红藻,在我国东南海域较为常见,生长在低潮线,资源丰富,在我国的青岛、大连等沿海地区也多有分布,目前专利申请人已实现亚洲蜈蚣藻的规模化人工养殖。
蜈蚣藻含有丰富的胶体。纪明侯编著的《海藻化学》一书中记载,在红藻蜈蚣藻科的若干种中,既有琼胶的已知组分,还含有卡拉胶的组分,Усов等称其为琼胶-卡拉胶中间多糖(agar-carrageenan intermediate polysaccharides),其性质也介于琼胶和卡拉胶之间,是一种较为特殊的海藻多糖。目前,红藻藻胶的提取工艺通常为:藻体清洗破碎,加KOH(4-10%)浸泡1-3h左右,冲洗藻体直至中性;然后加水85-100℃提取,过滤除渣、0.1-0.2mmol KCl盐析,然后乙醇清洗、干燥粉碎等步骤。如采用该工艺来提取蜈蚣藻胶,高浓度的KOH浸泡以及长时间高温水提会很大程度上破坏蜈蚣藻中丰富的氨基酸和核苷成分,从而大大降低蜈蚣藻多糖的生物活性。
在液态风味奶的生产和研发过程中,各种食品添加剂的使用常常起关键作用,特别是具有增稠、胶凝或稳定作用的食品胶,对液态奶的组织结构、口感风味、物理稳定性等方面具有重要作用。目前,液态风味奶制品中应用较多的稳定剂是以结冷胶为主要成分的复合制剂,而结冷胶常温下不能溶解,溶解需热至70-75℃,且温度低于40-45℃会形成凝胶,给生产带来诸多不便。
发明内容
本发明提供一种弱凝、易溶性亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物及其应用,即一种富含多种藻氨酸和核苷成分的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物;并依据其弱凝、常温易溶解的流变特性用于开发液态风味奶制品,从而实现亚洲蜈蚣藻资源的高值化利用。
本发明首先提供一种亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物,其制备方法如下:
将亚洲蜈蚣藻藻体剪碎后用纤维素酶溶液浸泡处理;然后添加清水加热提取2-4h,提取温度控制在40-55℃;提取结束后,过滤收集滤液,将滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后用95%的乙醇对滤液进行沉淀,收集絮状沉淀进行干燥、粉碎后获得亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物。
所述的酶溶液为纤维素酶溶液,其用量为1-3万U/g干蜈蚣藻;
所述的95%的乙醇与滤液的体积比为3~5:1;
本发明的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物用作食品稳定剂来使用;
本发明所提取的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物可用于奶制品中;
所述的奶制品,优选为液态风味奶。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、本发明采用纤维素酶代替KOH对蜈蚣藻进行破壁处理,且提取温度低,本工艺不仅可大大降低中和KOH的用水量,而且可以有效保护蜈蚣藻多糖中丰富的氨基酸和核苷成分;
2、本发明提取的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖(胶)具有弱凝、常温易溶解等优良特性,富含多种藻氨酸蜈蚣藻胶,因此可添加于液态奶制品中开发具有功能性的风味奶制品。
附图说明
图1:不同浓度亚洲蜈蚣藻的溶解性图;
图2 1.0%亚洲蜈蚣藻在4℃的凝固性图;
图3稳定性观察结果图。
具体实施方式
本发明采用纤维素酶替代KOH进行破壁处理,并根据蜈蚣藻多糖常温易溶解的特性将提取温度降到55℃以下,该工艺不仅省去了大量用于中和KOH的用水量,且有效的保护了具有生物活性的氨基酸和核苷成分。提取的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖(胶),常温即可溶解,低温不凝固(4℃),且富含多种氨基酸成分,因而在液态风味奶稳定剂领域具有巨大的应用潜力。
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步说明。下面的具体实施方式仅用来说明本发明,本领域技术人员在理解本发明精神的前提下,可以根据本技术领域的现有技术和公知知识对本发明进行相应变换,这些技术方案均落入本发明的范围之内。
实施例1
将100g亚洲蜈蚣藻冲洗干净,加入纤维素酶进行浸泡破壁,纤维素的添加量为1-3万U/g干蜈蚣藻,反应温度为40-50℃,处理时间为1-3h;然后加入蒸馏水(1:50-60),于40-55℃搅拌水提2-5h,过滤收集滤液;用95%的乙醇对滤液进行沉淀,V乙醇:V滤液=3~5:1;收集絮状沉淀进行干燥、粉碎处理,获得提取物。
与传统提取工艺进行比较:即藻体用KOH(5%)浸泡3h,M藻:VKOH=1:8左右,然后冲洗藻体直至中性;然后加入蒸馏水(1:60),于100℃搅拌水提2h,0.15mmol KCl盐析,收集沉淀进行干燥、粉碎处理。
(1)不同提取工艺提取率比较
表1不同提取工艺提取率比较
由表1可见,本发明采用的酶法低温提取工艺蜈蚣藻多糖的提取率为36.69%,比传统工艺(34.52%)略高,且提取时间和用水量均显著下降。
(2)酶法低温提取的蜈蚣藻多糖中氨基酸和核苷分析
精确称取1g酶法低温提取的蜈蚣藻多糖粉末(过40目)置于50mL具塞锥形瓶中,再加入40mL去离子水。混合均匀后置于超声机中,在室温下以40kHz超声30分钟。提取结束后,分别补足提取溶剂质量。提取液离心(13000r/min)10分钟后,4℃保存。进样前将样品溶液过0.22μm滤膜。采用UPLC-TQ-MS方法,同时测定了3批酶法低温的亚洲蜈蚣藻提取物中的核苷、碱基及游离氨基酸类成分。
检测结果显示,本工艺采用的酶法低温提取工艺,能够有效保留亚洲蜈蚣藻中的氨基酸和核苷成分。表2表明,该工艺提取物中检测到27种核苷、碱基类和氨基酸类成分。
表2:亚洲蜈蚣藻提取物中核苷、碱基及氨基酸的含量
提取物的理化性质如下:
1)常温溶解性
称取干燥粉碎的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖,在室温条件下(25±2℃)分别配置0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%和1.0%浓度的蜈蚣藻多糖溶液,搅拌并观察其溶解情况。
结果如图1所示,不同浓度的亚洲蜈蚣藻均能够在室温条件下很好的溶解,溶液呈透明均匀无分层出现。
2)低温凝固性
称取并配制1.0%的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖溶液,室温搅拌溶解,灭菌后置于4℃条件下分别放置15min、1h、6h、24h、3d、7d、15d、30d观察其凝固性。
结果如图2所示,在4℃条件下放置15min、1h、6h、24h、3d、7d、15d、30d的1.0%亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖均未出现凝固及沉淀分层现象。
实施例2
亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖(胶)在可可奶中的应用
0.2%蜈蚣藻在常温下溶解,加入蔗糖10g,搅拌均匀;然后加入鲜奶800g,搅拌均匀;加入2g可可粉,搅拌均匀后均质机均质30-60min;灭菌后放入4℃冰箱中定期观察和检测相关指标。以0.2%商用稳定剂(主要成分为结冷胶)作为对照。
实验结果表明,经过1个月的稳定性观察实验,蜈蚣藻胶与商用稳定剂相比,无论粘度还是pH均无明显变化(表3);外观观察,用蜈蚣藻胶作为稳定剂的可可风味奶未出现沉淀、分层及析出现象(图3),与商用稳定性效果相当。
表3风味奶制品的指标对比
上述结果表明,亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖(胶)是一种弱凝、易溶解的优良稳定剂,且富含多种氨基酸和核苷,加之天然无毒、无副作用的特性,可开发应用于功能性液态风味乳制品中。
以上描述了本发明的具体实施例,然并非用以限定本发明,本领域技术人员对在此公开的实施方案可进行并不偏离本发明范畴和精神的改进和变化。
Claims (8)
1.一种亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物,其特征在于,所述的多糖提取物的制备方法如下:
将亚洲蜈蚣藻藻体剪碎后用纤维素酶溶液浸泡处理;然后添加清水加热提取2-4h;提取结束后,过滤收集滤液,将滤液旋转蒸发浓缩后用95%的乙醇对滤液进行沉淀,收集絮状沉淀进行干燥、粉碎后获得亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物。
2.如权利要求1所述的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物,其特征在于,所述的提取温度为40-55℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物,其特征在于,所述的纤维素酶溶液的用量为1-3万U/g干蜈蚣藻。
4.如权利要求1所述的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物,其特征在于,所述的95%的乙醇与滤液的体积比为3~5:1。
5.权利要求1所述的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物作为食品稳定剂的应用。
6.权利要求1所述的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖提取物在制备奶制品中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的所奶制品为液态风味奶。
8.一种液态风味奶,其特征在于,所述的液态风味奶的制备过程中使用权利要求1所述的亚洲蜈蚣藻多糖作为稳定剂。
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