CN109093126A - 一种锰金属粉及锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锰金属粉及锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000416536 Euproctis pseudoconspersa Species 0.000 claims 1
- QIYFTTFTJMLKAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Au] QIYFTTFTJMLKAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEFIWYZWIQKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;lithium Chemical compound [Li].OC(O)=O PNEFIWYZWIQKEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锰金属粉及锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法，将金属单质锰在氩气或氮气的保护气氛下，真空下熔融成液体状，之后采用等离子水或气体对熔融的金属液体锰喷射成金属液滴状，所述等离子水的压强至少为40MPa，所述气体的压强至少为3MPa，液滴经冷却凝固后即得到锰金属粉，采用此方法制备的锰金属粉具有组分均匀致密、密度大、粒度可控的优点，采用该锰金属粉制得的锰酸锂正极材料粒度均匀，呈规则球形或类球形，振实密度大，具有较高的充放电容量和较好的电化学循环性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明为一种锂离子电池正极材料锰酸锂的制备技术领域，尤其涉及一种锰金属粉及锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法。
背景技术
锰酸锂原料因其储量丰富、价格低廉、极易合成、无毒性和耐过充性好等优点被誉为动力型锂离子电池正极材料最理想的正极材料之一。
目前锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的合成方法主要有：固相法、Penchini法、溶胶-凝胶法、熔盐法、微波合成法和喷雾干燥热解法等。固相法制备的材料物相不均匀，晶粒无规则形状，晶界尺寸较大，粒度分布范围宽，且煅烧时间较长。尽管此法的生产周期长，但工艺十分简单，制备条件容易控制。Penchini方法克服了氧化物形成过程中远程扩散的缺点，有利于在相对较低的温度下生成均一、单相、可控精确计量比的化合物。溶胶-凝胶法制备的前驱体混合均匀、凝胶热处理温度低、最终产物颗粒均匀，但是此法工艺复杂、成本较高，不适合工业化生产。微波合成法的特点是，合成体系的材料与微波场的相互作用，从材料内部开始对其整体进行加热，使微波能被材料吸收并耗散成热能，实现了快速升温，大大缩短了合成反应时间，显著降低了合成活化能，使反应更彻底，但活性物质的循环性能尚有待改善。综上所述，制备锰酸锂的方法从固态到液态，从低温到高温不一而足。从宏观上看，不同条件下制备出的锰酸锂化合物具有不同的电化学性能，究其本质源于尖晶石型锰酸锂在充放电过程中结构的变化，换言之，结构的如何变化决定了电化学性能的差异。所以进一步探讨锂离子脱嵌、嵌入的过程与尖晶石结构本体的关系就显得十分有意义。
锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的性能和锰金属粉的形状、密度、粒度密切相关，目前制备锰金属粉的方法主要有电解法、球磨法、雾化法，锰粉颗粒形状不规则，粒度不可控，密度不均匀，导致制备的锰酸锂正极材料组织不均，充放电性能和化学性能较差。目前常规方法生产的锰金属粉末原始晶粒不够细化，形核数量少，粒径分布均匀，且产品质量不稳定，产品的生成率较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种锰金属粉、制备方法及锂离子电池正极材料的制备方法，解决上述背景中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种锰金属粉的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：S1，将金属单质锰在保护气体或真空下熔融成液体状；S2，采用等离子水或气体对熔融的金属液体锰喷射成金属液滴状，所述等离子水的压强至少为40MPa，所述气体的压强至少为3MPa；S3，金属液滴锰经冷凝后得到锰金属粉。
进一步地，S1中金属单质锰在一定真空保护气氛条件下熔融，保护气氛为氮气或氩气中的一种。
进一步地，S2中所述气体为氮气或氩气中的一种或两种。
进一步地，所述锰金属粉形貌为球形或不规则形状，粉体粒径D50为30～50um，松装密度为3.5～5.5g/cm3，振实密度为4～6g/cm3。
一种采用上述锰金属粉的锂离子电池正极锰酸锂材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1，将锰金属粉氧化得到锰氧化物前驱体；S2，将锰氧化物前驱体和锂化合物混合后在600～1050℃温度下焙烧得到锰酸锂。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明通过水雾化或气雾化方法制备锰金属粉，得到的锰金属粉具有组分均匀致密、密度大、粒度可控的优点，从而保证了在后续制备锰酸锂材料中制备的锰氧化物前躯体均匀致密、密度大、粒度可控可调，可确保与锂化合物混合均匀，得到的锰酸锂材料组分均匀、密度大。
2.本发明的锰金属粉制备工艺以及后续的锰酸锂材料制备工艺，不涉及湿法冶金，不会产生废水，环境友好。
3.本发明制备的锰酸锂形貌均一，有利于对材料进行进一步的加工。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的金属粉的SEM照片
图2为实施例2的金属粉的SEM照片
图3为实施例1的锰酸锂的X射线衍射图
图4为实施例1的锰酸锂的循环性能曲线图
图5为实施例1的锰酸锂的首次充放电曲线图
具体实施方式
实施例1
将单质金属锰在有氮气保护条件下，在感应炉中真空加热熔化至完全熔融成金属液体，采用气压为3MPa的高压氮气对熔融金属液体喷射使之成为金属液滴状，之后冷却金属液滴，使之凝固成金属粉末颗粒，得到锰金属粉。
上述金属粉的SEM如图1所示，可以看到粉末颗粒为规则球形，金属粉的组成成分为金属锰，无其他杂项生成；经测定，金属粉粒度D50达到50um，松装密度达到5.5g/cm3，振实密度达到6.0g/cm3。
将制得的锰金属粉通过500～900℃高温氧化得到锰氧化物，再将碳酸锂化合物与锰氧化物前驱体按照2:1～2:1.15比例混合后在600～1050℃下焙烧制得锰酸锂正极材料，采用该方法制的正极材料粒度均匀，呈规则球形或类球形，振实密度大；其X射线衍射图如图3所示，通过XRD图谱可以看出，得到的材料为锰酸锂，无其他杂质存在。通过电化学性能测试，制得的锰酸锂正极材料具有较高的充放电容量和较好的电化学循环性能。
如图4所示，将本发明所得正极材料制作扣式电池并进行充放电循环性能测试，控制充放电电压范围为3～4.3V，充放电电流为5.0C，温度为25℃，其中，1C＝148mA/g。测得CR2025型扣式电池的首次放电比容量为97.8mAh/g，循环100次后的放电比容量为96.1mAh/g，容量保持率为98.4％。图5为制得的锰酸锂在25℃下0.5C的首次充放电曲线，其首次放电容量为140mAh/g。可见，制得的锰酸锂材料制备的电池具有良好的循环稳定性，且容量发挥稍高。
实施例2
将金属锰在敞开式感应炉中加热熔化至熔融液体，之后采用水压为40MPa的高压水流向熔融金属液体喷射，使之成为金属小液滴，再冷却液滴使之凝固成粉末颗粒，得到锰金属粉。从图2的该金属粉的SEM照片图可以看到，该金属粉粉末颗粒为不规则形状，经测定，金属粉粒度D50达到30um，松装密度达到3.5g/cm3，振实密度达到4.0g/cm3。
实施例3
将单质金属锰在有氮气保护条件下，在感应炉中真空加热熔化至完全熔融成金属液体，之后采用4MPa的高压氮气流向熔融金属液体喷射，使之成为金属小液滴，再冷却液滴使之凝固成粉末颗粒，得到锰金属粉。该金属粉末颗粒为规则球形、粒度D50达到45um，松装密度达到4.98g/cm3，振实密度达到5.32g/cm3。
实施例4
将单质金属锰在有氮气保护条件下，在感应炉中真空加热熔化至完全熔融成金属液体，之后采用3MPa的高压氦气流向熔融金属液体喷射，使之成为金属小液滴，再冷却液滴使之凝固成粉末颗粒，得到锰合金粉。该金属粉末颗粒为规则球形、粒度D50粒度达到35um，松装密度达到4.66g/cm3，振实密度达到5.09g/cm3。
实施例5
将单质金属锰在有氮气保护条件下，在感应炉中真空加热熔化至完全熔融成金属液体，之后采用4MPa的高压氦气流向熔融金属液体喷射，使之成为金属小液滴，再冷却液滴使之凝固成粉末颗粒，得到锰金属粉。该金属粉末颗粒为规则球形、粒度D50达到38um，松装密度达到4.68g/cm3，振实密度达到5.12g/cm3。
上面对本专利的较佳实施方式作了详细说明，但是本专利并不限于上述实施方式，在本领域的普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本专利宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。
Claims (5)
1.一种锰金属粉的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：S1，将金属单质锰在高温下熔融成液体状；S2，采用等离子水或气体对熔融的金属液体锰喷射成金属液滴状，所述等离子水的压强至少为40MPa，所述气体的压强至少为3MPa；S3，金属液滴锰经冷凝后得到锰金属粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锰金属粉的制备方法，其特征在于，S1中金属单质锰在一定真空保护气氛条件下熔融，保护气氛为氮气或氩气中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锰金属粉的制备方法，其特征在于，S2中所述气体为氮气或氩气中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锰金属粉的制备方法，其特征在于，所述锰金属粉形貌为球形或不规则形状，粉体粒径D50为30～50um，松装密度为3.5～5.5g/cm3，振实密度为4～6g/cm3。
5.一种采用权利要求1所述的锰金属粉的锂离子电池正极锰酸锂材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：S1，将锰金属粉氧化得到锰氧化物前驱体；S2，将锰氧化物前驱体和锂化合物混合后在600～1050℃温度下焙烧得到锰酸锂。
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