CN109092335B - 一种硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料及应用 - Google Patents
一种硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料及应用,该复合光催化材料首次在室温条件下,采用一步共沉淀的方法制得。该新型光催化材料具有较高的光催化活性及光催化效率。经实验证明,该光催化复合材料对有机物的降解性能显著。在可见光的照射下,可应用于有机废水中降解有机物,例如含苯酚、甲基橙等有机污染物的有机废水的处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境化工光催化水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种硅酸 银/氯化银复合光催化材料及应用。
背景技术
目前,在全世界范围内能源短缺和环境污染是目前人类社会可持 续发展所面临的两个重大威胁。寻找可替代化石能源的可持续清洁能 源是解决两个威胁的关键。新兴发展的半导体光催化剂技术,能利用 太阳光为能源分解水,产生清洁能源氢和氧,也可降解去除有机污染 物和无机重金属。但是目前光催化材料的研究仍然面临限制其实际应 用的三个重要问题。
其一,光响应范围窄,具有高活性的传统半导体光催化材料,例 如二氧化钛,其能带较宽(3.2eV),只能吸收占太阳光谱总能量4% 左右的紫外光,无法利用占太阳能大部分的可见光,造成太阳能利用 率较低。
其二,量子效率低,半导体在光照下产生的光生电子和空穴在半 导体内部或表面迅速发生复合,无法有效的参与光催化过程,大大降 低了光催化反应的量子效率。
其三,纳米级催化材料光催化性能较好,但在反应过程中可能造 成二次污染。
针对上述问题,发展新型高效可见光催化材料,提高材料的光催 化性能,对半导体光催化技术在环境治理和解决能源危机方面具有重 要意义。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种硅酸银/氯化银复合光催 化材料,其可见光催化活性高,吸光范围较宽。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种硅酸银/ 氯化银复合光催化材料,所述复合光催化材料为氯化银结合硅酸银复 合光催化材料,通过以下步骤制备:
取0.1753g氯化钠、0.0119g硅酸钠溶于去离子水中得到溶液A, 取0.5141g硝酸银溶于去离子水得到溶液B。将所得A,B溶液均通 过水浴超声得到澄清溶液。最终B溶液逐滴滴加到持续磁力搅拌的A 溶液当中,分离出沉淀,沉淀再经洗涤、干燥,得到硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料
其中,步骤S1中,所述制备A溶液时加入去离子水的体积比为 20ml。
其中,步骤S1中,制备B溶液时加入去离子水的体积比为10ml。
其中,步骤S1中,水浴超声时间为15min。
其中,步骤S1中,分离沉淀的方法为抽滤分离。
其中,步骤S1中,分离得到的沉淀干燥条件为:在60℃下干燥 10~16小时。
本发明提供的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,是以硅酸银和氯 化银结合而成。该复合材料的电子转移形式符合新型的Z型机制。
Z型光催化反应体系具有很大的优势:1)借助双光子激发过程, 在不同光催化剂上分别完成氧化反应和还原反应;2)Z型反应体系中 的光催化剂只需分别满足各自的光激发过程和对应的半反应,为光 催化材料的选择和设计提供了很大的空间;3)还原和氧化过程相互分 离,可以有效抑制逆反应的发生;4)Z型反应体系中的光生电子与空 穴能有效分离与传输;5)发生还原反应的催化材料中的光生空穴被用 来自发生氧化有机污染物,阻止了其余光生电子的复合,光催化体系 的稳定性随之增强。
Z型光催化反应体系已在H2O分解,CO2还原,光降解中广泛应用。 但是,目前报导的一些Z型光催化体系的光催化效率还是很低,它的 光俘获,稳定性,氧化还原能力,光生载流子的分离效率都无法达到 理想的效果。因此,我们发明了硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料以克 服上述缺点。
本发明的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料通过简单共沉淀法制 备,制备方法简单,实验设备较少,成本较低;制备方法过程中所用 试剂均为无毒,无害,无二次污染的绿色试剂,且在作为光催化材料 的使用过程中也不会对环境造成污染。
本发明的有益效果是:方法制备工艺简单,实验设备较少,成本 较低,原料廉价易得,便于推广应用;所制得的复合光催化材料在光 照下产生的光生电子和空穴在半导体内部或表面迅速发生复合率低, 可有效的参与光催化过程,大大提高了光催化反应的量子效率;同时 复合光催化材料能吸收可见光,在可见光照射下具有较高的光催化活 性,吸光范围较宽,太阳能转化效率高,对光催化材料的实际应用和 开发具有深远意义。
光催化复合材料将硅酸银与氯化银采用简单共沉淀方法结合,形 成了一种新型的光催化材料。该新型光催化材料具有较高的光催化活 性及光催化效率。经实验证明,该光催化复合材料对有机物的降解性 能显著。在可见光的照射下,可应用于有机废水中降解有机物,例如 含苯酚、甲基橙等有机污染物的有机废水的处理。
附图说明
图1为利用实施例1所制得的硅酸银/氯化银复合材料在可见光照 射下光催化降解甲基橙溶液的实验结果图;
图2为利用实施例2所制得的硅酸银/氯化银复合材料在可见光照 射下光催化降解苯酚溶液的实验结果图;
图3为硅酸银的SEM图;
图4为氯化银的SEM图;
图5为硅酸银/氯化银复合材料SEM图;
图6为硅酸银,氯化银和硅酸银/氯化银复合材料的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,通过以下步骤制得:
取0.1753g氯化钠、0.0119g硅酸钠溶于去离子水中得到溶液A, 取0.5141g硝酸银溶于去离子水得到溶液B。将所得A,B溶液均通 过水浴超声得到澄清溶液。最终B溶液逐滴滴加到持续磁力搅拌的A 溶液当中,分离出沉淀,沉淀再经洗涤、干燥,得到硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料
其中,实施例1所用氯化钠,硅酸钠,硝酸银均为化学纯。
硅酸银,氯化银和硅酸银/氯化银复合材料的SEM图分别见图3 (硅酸银)、图4(氯化银)和图5(硅酸银/氯化银)。如图3,4所 示,硅酸银和氯化银均表现出了光滑的球形结构。硅酸银/氯化银复 合材料的尺寸明显比硅酸银的颗粒尺寸大很多(图5),这种现象说明硅酸银成功地与氯化银结合在一起。
硅酸银、氯化银和硅酸银/氯化银的XRD图谱见图6。正如我们 从图6中所看到的,硅酸银所有的衍射峰都可以很好地指向硅酸银 (JCPDS 76-2088)。检测到氯化银所有的衍射峰都可以很好地指向氯 化银(JCPDS 31-1238)。硅酸银/氯化银复合材料的图,不仅显示出 硅酸银的一系列特征衍射峰,而且还出现了氯化银的峰,表明所制备 的复合材料由硅酸银和氯化银组成,复合物制备成功。
利用实施例1所制得的硅酸银/氯化银复合材料在可见光照射下 光催化降解甲基橙溶液的实验,对比实验分别采用硅酸银和氯化银作 为光催化剂,甲基橙溶液的浓度均为10mg/L,体积均为100ml,硅 酸银/氯化银复合材料、氯化银和硅酸银的用量均为0.1g,结果见图1, 结果显示,在可见光照射下,硅酸银/氯化银复合材料对甲基橙的降 解率远远高于氯化银和硅酸银。
实施例2
硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,通过以下步骤制得:
取0.3506g氯化钠、0.0238g硅酸钠溶于去离子水中得到溶液A, 取1.0282g硝酸银溶于去离子水得到溶液B。将所得A,B溶液均通 过水浴超声得到澄清溶液。最终B溶液逐滴滴加到持续磁力搅拌的A 溶液当中,分离出沉淀,沉淀再经洗涤、干燥,得到硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料
其中,实施例2所用所用氯化钠,硅酸钠,硝酸银均为化学纯。
利用实施例2所制得的硅酸银/氯化银复合材料在可见光照射下 光催化降解苯酚溶液的实验,对比实验分别采用溴氧化铋和硅酸银作 为光催化剂,苯酚溶液的浓度均为20mg/L,体积均为100ml,硅酸 银/氯化银复合材料、氯化银和硅酸银的用量均为0.1g,结果见图2, 结果显示,在可见光照射下,硅酸银/氯化银复合材料对苯酚的降解 率远远高于氯化银和硅酸银。同时,该材料对苯酚的降解效果也远远 高于已知文献中报道的大部分光催化剂。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范 围,凡是利用本发明说明书所作的等同变换,或直接或间接运用在其 他相关的技术领域,均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,其特征在于,所述光催化材料的制备方法,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)取0.1753g氯化钠和0.0119g硅酸钠溶于去离子水中得到溶液A,取0.5141g硝酸银溶于去离子水得到溶液B;
(2)将所得A,B溶液均通过水浴超声得到澄清溶液;
(3)最终将B溶液逐滴加入持续磁力搅拌的A溶液当中,分离出沉淀,沉淀再经洗涤、干燥,得到硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,制备A溶液时加入去离子水的体积20mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,制备B溶液时加入去离子水的体积为10mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,水浴超声时间为15min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,磁力搅拌的时间为60min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,分离沉淀的方法为抽滤分离。
7.根据权利要求1所述的硅酸银/氯化银复合光催化材料,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所得沉淀的干燥条件为:在60℃下干燥10~16h。
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