CN109076922B - Persimmon seedling culture medium, preparation method of medium and medium preparation device - Google Patents
Persimmon seedling culture medium, preparation method of medium and medium preparation device Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/60—Apparatus for preparing growth substrates or culture media
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a persimmon seedling culture medium, a preparation method of the medium and a medium preparation device, wherein the medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of black soil, 2-4 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 2-4 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 2-4 parts of decomposed cow dung, 1-3 parts of wormcast, 1-3 parts of fruit tree leaves, 2-4 parts of fruit tree trunks, 1-2 parts of river sand, 1-2 parts of perlite, 1-2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of water retention base, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis and trace element fertilizer. Has the advantages that: cultivation has improved the survival rate of persimmon big seedling greatly through this matrix, is convenient for carry out centralized management, has saved artifical physical labor greatly, has realized the automation to matrix processing through setting up of agitating unit and sprinkler, has improved the processingquality and the efficiency of matrix, has saved the cost spending.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of culture mediums, in particular to a persimmon large-seedling culture medium, a preparation method of the medium and a medium preparation device.
Background
The culture medium originally originated from the concept of soilless culture, which means that the soil environment around crops is deteriorated and the yield and quality of the crops are seriously affected, people turn to search for a substitute, fix the root systems of the crops by using a solid medium (medium), and absorb nutrient solution and oxygen through the medium, so that the culture medium is the solid medium which replaces soil to provide mechanical support and material supply for the crops, and a famous soil fertilizer expert, Sun Dalong professor in China develops a cheaper culture medium which essentially uses the soil as the culture medium and finally reaches the level required by the healthy growth of the crops by disinfecting and replacing the soil.
However, the existing persimmon big seedling cultivation generally uses artificial soil cultivation, so that the survival rate is lower, time and labor are wasted, the labor cost is higher, and the efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a medium for cultivating large persimmon seedlings, a method for producing the medium, and an apparatus for producing the medium.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a persimmon seedling culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of black soil, 2-4 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 2-4 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 2-4 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 1-3 parts of wormcast, 1-3 parts of fruit tree leaves, 2-4 parts of fruit tree trunks, 1-2 parts of river sand, 1-2 parts of perlite, 1-2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of water retention base, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis and trace element fertilizer, wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is that 0.5kg of trace element fertilizer is added into a mixed matrix of each cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cattle manure, earthworm manure, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis.
Further, the persimmon large seedling culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 7 parts of black soil, 3 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 3 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 3 parts of decomposed cow dung, 2 parts of wormcast, 2 parts of fruit tree leaves, 3 parts of fruit tree trunks, 1.5 parts of river sand, 1.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining base, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis and a trace element fertilizer, wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer added into a mixed matrix of each cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis.
The persimmon seedling culture substrate further comprises a ferrous sulfate solution and a sterilization solution, wherein the sterilization solution is a mixture of a bactericide and water in a volume ratio of 1:1000-1500, the addition amount of the sterilization solution is 100ml-150ml of the sterilization solution added into a mixed substrate of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, earthworm dung, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, a water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis, the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution is 0.5% -1%, and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the water content of the persimmon seedling culture substrate reaches about 60%.
Further, the bactericide is any one of carbendazim and chlorothalonil.
A method for preparing the persimmon seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing the components in parts by weight
(2) Uniformly mixing the weighed river sand, perlite and vermiculite with the fruit tree leaves and the fruit tree trunks to obtain a mixed material;
(3) respectively spraying water to wet the weighed decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed cow dung and wormcast, mixing, and stacking and placing to obtain a fermentation material;
(4) paving the mixed materials on the bottommost layer, and paving black soil and fermentation materials on the mixed materials in sequence for two layers to build a decomposed pile;
(5) covering the decomposed piles with straws for fermentation, and turning the piles for the first time when the fermentation temperature reaches over 65 ℃ and lasts for 30-40 hours; after turning, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃ again and lasts for 30-40 hours, turning for the second time;
(6) adding water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis into the decomposed heap prepared in the step (5),
(7) adding the trace element fertilizer into the decomposed pile prepared in the step (6), wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer in each cubic meter of mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring;
(8) mixing the bactericide and water in a ratio of 1: mixing 1000-1500 vol% of the disinfectant liquid to prepare the disinfectant liquid, uniformly spraying the disinfectant liquid on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (7), wherein the addition amount of the disinfectant liquid is 100-150 ml of disinfectant liquid added into a mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, earthworm dung, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis per cubic meter;
(9) and (3) uniformly spraying a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.5-1% on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (8), wherein the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the straw is removed after the water content of the persimmon big seedling culture substrate reaches about 60%, and the persimmon big seedling culture substrate is prepared after the decomposed pile is exposed in the atmospheric environment for 2-4 days.
A device for preparing the persimmon big-seedling culture medium comprises a stirring device and a spraying device, wherein supporting legs are arranged in the stirring device, a stirring device shell is arranged at the upper end of each supporting leg, the stirring device shell and the supporting legs are connected in a welding mode, a discharging pipe is arranged at the lower end of the stirring device shell, the discharging pipe and the stirring device shell are connected in a welding mode, a plugboard is arranged on the discharging pipe, the plugboard and the discharging pipe are connected in a sliding mode, a motor support is arranged at the top end of the stirring device shell, the motor support and the stirring device shell are connected in a welding mode, the motor support and a first motor are connected through bolts, a first coupler is arranged at the lower end of the first motor, a first rotating shaft is arranged at the lower end of the first coupler, and first stirring blades are arranged on the first rotating shaft, a feed inlet is arranged on the side surface of the stirring device shell, a baffle is arranged on one side of the feed inlet, a handle is arranged on the baffle, a support is arranged in the spraying device, wheels are arranged at the lower end of the support, the wheels are connected with the support through rotating shafts, a second motor is arranged at the upper end of the support, a second coupler is arranged on one side of the second motor, a speed reducer is arranged on one side of the second coupler, the speed reducer is connected with the second motor through the second coupler, a transmission chain is arranged on one side of the speed reducer, the transmission chain is meshed with the speed reducer through a chain wheel, a medicine mixing barrel is arranged on the other side of the second motor, scale marks are arranged on the medicine mixing barrel, an upper cover is arranged at the top end of the medicine mixing barrel, and the upper cover is connected with the medicine mixing barrel through threads, the top of upper cover is provided with the handle, the handle with upper cover integrated into one piece, the rear of handle is provided with the third motor, the third motor with the upper cover passes through bolted connection, the inside of mixing the explosive barrel is provided with the second pivot, be provided with second stirring vane in the second pivot, second stirring vane with welded connection is passed through in the second pivot, the lower extreme of support is provided with the solenoid valve, the below of solenoid valve is provided with the medicine conveying pipe, the lower extreme of medicine conveying pipe is provided with the shower nozzle.
Further, the handle is connected with the baffle through a screw, and the first motor is connected with the first rotating shaft through the first coupler.
So set up, be convenient for interconnect through the screw connection fix between the two and dismantle, guaranteed certain joint strength simultaneously, through first coupling joint is convenient for first motor transmits power.
Still further, the first rotating shaft is connected with the first stirring blade through welding.
So set up, make to connect closely firmly through welded connection.
Furthermore, the spray head is connected with the medicine conveying pipe through threads, and the medicine mixing barrel is connected with the medicine conveying pipe through a pipeline.
So set up, be convenient for through threaded connection the shower nozzle with install fixedly between the medicine conveying pipe, it is convenient to connect through the pipeline the output of liquid medicine in the medicine mixing barrel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the survival rate of the large persimmon seedlings is greatly improved by cultivating the medium, centralized management is facilitated, and manual labor is greatly saved;
2. the automation of matrix processing is realized through the arrangement of the stirring device and the spraying device, the processing quality and efficiency of the matrix are improved, and the cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a stirring device of an apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling culture medium according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a spraying device of an apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling culture substrate according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the upper cover of a spraying device of the device for preparing a persimmon big-seedling culture substrate of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of a stirring device of an apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling-cultivating substrate according to the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1. a support leg; 2. a discharge pipe; 3. inserting plates; 4. a stirring device housing; 5. a first rotating shaft; 6. a first stirring blade; 7. a feed inlet; 8. a baffle plate; 9. a handle; 10. a motor bracket; 11. a first coupling; 12. A first motor; 13. a stirring device; 14. a wheel; 15. a support; 16. a drive chain; 17. a speed reducer; 18. a second coupling; 19. a second motor; 20. a medicine mixing barrel; 21. scale lines; 22. a second rotating shaft; 23. an upper cover; 24. a handle; 25. a third motor; 26. a second stirring blade; 27. a drug delivery tube; 28. A spray head; 29. an electromagnetic valve; 30. a spraying device.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the purpose of convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected" and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art from the specific situation.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
example 1
A persimmon seedling culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 5 parts of black soil, 2 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 2 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 2 parts of decomposed cow dung, 1 part of wormcast, 1 part of fruit tree leaves, 2 parts of fruit tree trunks, 1 part of river sand, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of water retention base, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, a trace element fertilizer, a ferrous sulfate solution and a sterilizing solution, wherein the adding amount of the trace element fertilizer is that 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer is added into a mixed matrix of per cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis; the sterilization solution is a mixture of carbendazim and water in a volume ratio of 1:1000, the addition amount of the sterilization solution is that 100ml of the sterilization solution is added into a mixed substrate of per cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, earthworm dung, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis, the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution is 0.5%, and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the water content of the large persimmon seedling cultivation substrate reaches about 60%.
The method for preparing the persimmon seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing the components in parts by weight
(2) Uniformly mixing the weighed river sand, perlite and vermiculite with the fruit tree leaves and the fruit tree trunks to obtain a mixed material;
(3) respectively spraying water to wet the weighed decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed cow dung and wormcast, mixing, and stacking and placing to obtain a fermentation material;
(4) paving the mixed materials on the bottommost layer, and paving black soil and fermentation materials on the mixed materials in sequence for two layers to build a decomposed pile;
(5) covering the decomposed piles with straws for fermentation, and turning the piles for the first time when the fermentation temperature reaches over 65 ℃ and lasts for 30 hours; after turning, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃ again and lasts for 30 hours, turning for the second time;
(6) adding water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis into the decomposed heap prepared in the step (5),
(7) adding the trace element fertilizer into the decomposed pile prepared in the step (6), wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer in each cubic meter of mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring;
(8) mixing carbendazim and water in a ratio of 1: mixing the raw materials according to a volume ratio of 1000 to prepare the sterilizing solution, uniformly spraying the sterilizing solution on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (7), wherein the addition amount of the sterilizing solution is 100ml of the sterilizing solution added into a mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining agent and bacillus subtilis per cubic meter;
(9) and (3) uniformly spraying a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.5% on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (8), wherein the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the straws are removed after the water content of the persimmon big seedling culture substrate reaches about 60%, and the persimmon big seedling culture substrate is prepared after the decomposed pile is exposed in the atmospheric environment for 2 days.
As shown in figures 1-4, a device for preparing a persimmon big seedling culture medium comprises a stirring device 13 and a spraying device 30, wherein a supporting leg 1 is arranged in the stirring device 13, a stirring device shell 4 is arranged at the upper end of the supporting leg 1, the stirring device shell 4 is connected with the supporting leg 1 in a welding manner, the connection is firm and reliable through the welding connection, a discharging pipe 2 is arranged at the lower end of the stirring device shell 4, the discharging pipe 2 is connected with the stirring device shell 4 through the welding connection, an inserting plate 3 is arranged on the discharging pipe 2, the inserting plate 3 is connected with the discharging pipe 2 in a sliding manner, the opening and closing of the inserting plate 3 are facilitated through the sliding connection, a motor support 10 is arranged at the top end of the stirring device shell 4, the motor support 10 is used for installing and fixing a first motor 12, the motor support 10 is connected with the stirring device shell 4 through the welding, a first coupling 11 is arranged at the lower end of a first motor 12, a first rotating shaft 5 is arranged at the lower end of the first coupling 11, a first stirring blade 6 is arranged on the first rotating shaft 5, a feeding hole 7 is arranged on the side surface of a stirring device shell 4, a baffle 8 is arranged on one side of the feeding hole 7, a handle 9 is arranged on the baffle 8, a bracket 15 is arranged in a spraying device 30, wheels 14 are arranged at the lower end of the bracket 15, the wheels 14 are convenient to move, the wheels 14 are connected with the bracket 15 through rotating shafts, a second motor 19 is arranged at the upper end of the bracket 15, the second motor 19 is used for providing power, a second coupling 18 is arranged at one side of the second motor 19, a speed reducer 17 is arranged at one side of the second coupling 18, the speed reducer 17 is connected with the second motor 19 through the second coupling 18, a transmission chain 16 is arranged at one side of the speed reducer 17, and the, a medicine mixing barrel 20 is arranged on the other side of the second motor 19, a scale mark 21 is arranged on the medicine mixing barrel 20, an upper cover 23 is arranged at the top end of the medicine mixing barrel 20, the upper cover 23 is used for sealing, the upper cover 23 is in threaded connection with the medicine mixing barrel 20, a handle 24 is arranged above the upper cover 23, the handle 24 and the upper cover 23 are integrally formed and are convenient to process and manufacture, a third motor 25 is arranged behind the handle 24, the third motor 25 is connected with the upper cover 23 through a bolt, a second rotating shaft 22 is arranged inside the medicine mixing barrel 20, a second stirring blade 26 is arranged on the second rotating shaft 22, the second stirring blade 26 and the second rotating shaft 22 are connected through welding, the connection is firm and reliable through welding, an electromagnetic valve 29 is arranged at the lower end of the support 15, the electromagnetic valve 29 is used for controlling whether the liquid medicine in the medicine mixing barrel 20 flows out or not, a medicine conveying pipe 27 is arranged below the electromagnetic valve 29, the lower end of the drug delivery tube 27 is provided with a spray head 28.
Further, the handle 9 is connected with the baffle plate 8 through a screw, and the first motor 12 is connected with the first rotating shaft 5 through a first coupling 11. The screw connection is convenient for fixing and disassembling the two which are connected with each other, certain connection strength is ensured, and the first coupling 11 is connected to facilitate the transmission of power by the first motor 12.
Further, the first rotating shaft 5 and the first stirring vane 6 are connected by welding. The connection is tight and firm through welding connection.
Further, the spray head 28 is connected with the medicine conveying pipe 27 through threads, and the medicine mixing barrel 20 is connected with the medicine conveying pipe 27 through a pipeline. The spray head 28 and the medicine conveying pipe 27 are conveniently installed and fixed through threaded connection, and the medicine liquid in the medicine mixing barrel 20 is conveniently output through pipeline connection.
In the using mode, the components of the culture medium are respectively added into the shell 4 of the stirring device through the feed inlet 7 according to the proportion, the first motor 12 is started, the first motor 12 rotates to drive the first rotating shaft 5 and the first stirring blades 6 to rotate to fully and uniformly mix and stir the mixed materials, the inserting plate 3 is opened, the mixed culture medium can be obtained at the discharge pipe 2, when the reagent needs to be sprayed, the upper cover 23 is opened, the reagent is poured into the medicine mixing barrel 20 according to a certain proportion, the upper cover 23 is closed, the third motor 25 is started, the reagent is fully and uniformly mixed under the driving of the third motor 25, at the moment, the third motor 25 is closed, the second motor 19 is started, the second motor 19 drives the wheels 14 to rotate through a series of transmission, the electromagnetic valve 29 is opened, and the mixed reagent enters the spray head 28 through the medicine conveying pipe 27 to be sprayed.
Example 2
A persimmon seedling culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 10 parts of black soil, 4 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 4 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 4 parts of decomposed cow dung, 3 parts of wormcast, 3 parts of fruit tree leaves, 4 parts of fruit tree trunks, 2 parts of river sand, 2 parts of perlite, 2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of water retention base, 10 parts of bacillus subtilis, a trace element fertilizer, a ferrous sulfate solution and a sterilizing solution, wherein the adding amount of the trace element fertilizer is that 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer is added into a mixed matrix of each cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis; the sterilization liquid is a mixture of chlorothalonil and water in a volume ratio of 1:1500, the addition amount of the sterilization liquid is that 150ml of the sterilization liquid is added into a mixed substrate of per cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis, the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution is 1%, and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the water content of the persimmon seedling cultivation substrate reaches about 60%.
The method for preparing the persimmon seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing the components in parts by weight
(2) Uniformly mixing the weighed river sand, perlite and vermiculite with the fruit tree leaves and the fruit tree trunks to obtain a mixed material;
(3) respectively spraying water to wet the weighed decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed cow dung and wormcast, mixing, and stacking and placing to obtain a fermentation material;
(4) paving the mixed materials on the bottommost layer, and paving black soil and fermentation materials on the mixed materials in sequence for two layers to build a decomposed pile;
(5) covering the decomposed piles with straws for fermentation, and turning the piles for the first time when the fermentation temperature reaches over 65 ℃ and lasts for 40 hours; after turning, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃ again and lasts for 40 hours, turning for the second time;
(6) adding water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis into the decomposed heap prepared in the step (5),
(7) adding the trace element fertilizer into the decomposed pile prepared in the step (6), wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer in each cubic meter of mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring;
(8) chlorothalonil and water were mixed at a ratio of 1:1500, uniformly spraying the sterilizing liquid on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (7), wherein the addition amount of the sterilizing liquid is 150ml of sterilizing liquid added into a mixed matrix of black soil per cubic meter, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention agent and bacillus subtilis;
(9) uniformly spraying a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 1% on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (8), wherein the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the straws are removed after the water content of the persimmon big seedling culture medium reaches about 60%, and the persimmon big seedling culture medium is prepared after the decomposed pile is exposed in the atmospheric environment for 2-4 days.
The apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling-growing medium of this example was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
A persimmon seedling culture medium is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the fertilizer comprises the following components, by weight, 7 parts of black soil, 3 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 3 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 3 parts of decomposed cow dung, 2 parts of wormcast, 2 parts of fruit tree leaves, 3 parts of fruit tree trunks, 1.5 parts of river sand, 1.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining base, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, a trace element fertilizer, a ferrous sulfate solution and a sterilizing solution, wherein the adding amount of the trace element fertilizer is that 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer is added into a mixed matrix of per cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis; the sterilization liquid is a mixture of carbendazim and water in a volume ratio of 1:1200, the addition amount of the sterilization liquid is that 130ml of the sterilization liquid is added into a mixed substrate of per cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis, the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution is 0.7%, and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the water content of the persimmon seedling cultivation substrate reaches about 60%.
The method for preparing the persimmon seedling culture medium comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing the components in parts by weight
(2) Uniformly mixing the weighed river sand, perlite and vermiculite with the fruit tree leaves and the fruit tree trunks to obtain a mixed material;
(3) respectively spraying water to wet the weighed decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed cow dung and wormcast, mixing, and stacking and placing to obtain a fermentation material;
(4) paving the mixed materials on the bottommost layer, and paving black soil and fermentation materials on the mixed materials in sequence for two layers to build a decomposed pile;
(5) covering the decomposed piles with straws for fermentation, and turning the piles for the first time when the fermentation temperature reaches over 65 ℃ and lasts for 35 hours; after turning, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃ again and lasts for 35 hours, turning for the second time;
(6) adding water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis into the decomposed heap prepared in the step (5),
(7) adding the trace element fertilizer into the decomposed pile prepared in the step (6), wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer in each cubic meter of mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring;
(8) mixing carbendazim and water in a ratio of 1:1200, uniformly spraying the sterilization liquid on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (7), wherein the addition amount of the sterilization liquid is 120ml of the sterilization liquid added into a mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention agent and bacillus subtilis per cubic meter;
(9) and (3) uniformly spraying a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.7% on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (8), wherein the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the straws are removed after the water content of the persimmon big seedling culture substrate reaches about 60%, and the persimmon big seedling culture substrate is prepared after the decomposed pile is exposed in the atmospheric environment for 2-4 days.
The apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling-growing medium of this example was the same as in example 1.
In order to show the advantages of the invention, the persimmon big seedlings are cultivated by respectively adopting the cultivation substrate prepared by the invention and a common substrate, and the growth conditions of the persimmon big seedlings are compared as follows:
as shown in the table, the persimmon seedlings cultivated by the matrix are higher than persimmon seedlings cultivated by a common matrix in growth indexes such as dry weight, plant height, internode length, root length and the like, which indicates that the persimmon seedlings cultivated by the matrix are obviously superior to persimmon seedlings cultivated by the common matrix in growth, the seedling cultivation period can be obviously shortened by the matrix cultivation of the invention, and high-quality container seedlings with branches and initial flowers and fruits can be cultivated.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A persimmon large seedling culture medium is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of black soil, 2-4 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 2-4 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 2-4 parts of decomposed cattle manure, 1-3 parts of wormcast, 1-3 parts of fruit tree leaves, 2-4 parts of fruit tree trunks, 1-2 parts of river sand, 1-2 parts of perlite, 1-2 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of water retention base, 5-10 parts of bacillus subtilis and trace element fertilizer, wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer added into a mixed matrix of each cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cattle manure, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis.
2. The persimmon seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the fertilizer comprises, by weight, 7 parts of black soil, 3 parts of decomposed mushroom waste, 3 parts of decomposed corn straw powder, 3 parts of decomposed cow dung, 2 parts of wormcast, 2 parts of fruit tree leaves, 3 parts of fruit tree trunks, 1.5 parts of river sand, 1.5 parts of perlite, 1.5 parts of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining base, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis and a trace element fertilizer, wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is that 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer is added into a mixed matrix of each cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis.
3. The persimmon seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the persimmon big seedling cultivation substrate further comprises a ferrous sulfate solution and a sterilization solution, wherein the sterilization solution is a mixture of a bactericide and water in a volume ratio of 1:1000-1500, the addition amount of the sterilization solution is 100ml-150ml of the sterilization solution added into a mixed substrate of per cubic meter of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, a water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis, the concentration of the ferrous sulfate solution is 0.5% -1%, and the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the water content of the persimmon big seedling cultivation substrate reaches about 60%.
4. The persimmon seedling cultivation substrate according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the bactericide is any one of carbendazim or chlorothalonil.
5. A method for preparing a persimmon seedling cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively weighing the components in parts by weight
(2) Uniformly mixing the weighed river sand, perlite and vermiculite with the fruit tree leaves and the fruit tree trunks to obtain a mixed material;
(3) respectively spraying water to wet the weighed decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed cow dung and wormcast, mixing, and stacking and placing to obtain a fermentation material;
(4) paving the mixed materials on the bottommost layer, and paving black soil and fermentation materials on the mixed materials in sequence for two layers to build a decomposed pile;
(5) covering the decomposed piles with straws for fermentation, and turning the piles for the first time after the fermentation temperature reaches over 65 ℃ and lasts for 30-40 hours; after turning, when the temperature reaches more than 65 ℃ again and lasts for 30-40 hours, turning for the second time;
(6) adding water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis into the decomposed heap prepared in the step (5),
(7) adding the trace element fertilizer into the decomposed pile prepared in the step (6), wherein the addition amount of the trace element fertilizer is 0.5kg of the trace element fertilizer in each cubic meter of mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, wormcast, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water retention base and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring;
(8) mixing the bactericide and water in a ratio of 1: mixing 1000-1500 vol% of the disinfectant liquid to prepare the disinfectant liquid, uniformly spraying the disinfectant liquid on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (7), wherein the addition amount of the disinfectant liquid is 100-150 ml of the disinfectant liquid in a mixed matrix of black soil, decomposed mushroom waste, decomposed corn straw powder, decomposed cow dung, earthworm dung, fruit tree leaves, fruit tree trunks, river sand, perlite, vermiculite, water-retaining base and bacillus subtilis;
(9) and (3) uniformly spraying a ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.5-1% on the decomposed pile prepared in the step (8), wherein the addition amount of the ferrous sulfate solution is that the straw is removed after the water content of the persimmon big seedling culture substrate reaches about 60%, and the persimmon big seedling culture substrate is prepared after the decomposed pile is exposed in the atmospheric environment for 2-4 days.
6. An apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling cultivation substrate as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: comprises a stirring device (13) and a spraying device (30), wherein a supporting leg (1) is arranged in the stirring device (13), a stirring device shell (4) is arranged at the upper end of the supporting leg (1), the stirring device shell (4) is connected with the supporting leg (1) through welding, a discharging pipe (2) is arranged at the lower end of the stirring device shell (4), the discharging pipe (2) is connected with the stirring device shell (4) through welding, a plugboard (3) is arranged on the discharging pipe (2), the plugboard (3) is connected with the discharging pipe (2) through sliding, a motor support (10) is arranged at the top end of the stirring device shell (4), the motor support (10) is connected with the stirring device shell (4) through welding, the motor support (10) is connected with a first motor (12) through bolts, a first coupler (11) is arranged at the lower end of the first motor (12), the lower end of the first coupler (11) is provided with a first rotating shaft (5), the first rotating shaft (5) is provided with a first stirring blade (6), the side surface of the stirring device shell (4) is provided with a feeding hole (7), one side of the feeding hole (7) is provided with a baffle (8), the baffle (8) is provided with a handle (9), a bracket (15) is arranged in the spraying device (30), the lower end of the bracket (15) is provided with wheels (14), the wheels (14) are connected with the bracket (15) through a rotating shaft, the upper end of the bracket (15) is provided with a second motor (19), one side of the second motor (19) is provided with a second coupler (18), one side of the second coupler (18) is provided with a speed reducer (17), and the speed reducer (17) is connected with the second motor (19) through the second coupler (18), one side of the speed reducer (17) is provided with a transmission chain (16), the transmission chain (16) is connected with the speed reducer (17) through chain wheel meshing, the other side of the second motor (19) is provided with a medicine mixing barrel (20), scale marks (21) are arranged on the medicine mixing barrel (20), an upper cover (23) is arranged at the top end of the medicine mixing barrel (20), the upper cover (23) is connected with the medicine mixing barrel (20) through threads, a handle (24) is arranged above the upper cover (23), the handle (24) and the upper cover (23) are integrally formed, a third motor (25) is arranged behind the handle (24), the third motor (25) is connected with the upper cover (23) through bolts, a second rotating shaft (22) is arranged inside the medicine mixing barrel (20), and second stirring blades (26) are arranged on the second rotating shaft (22), the second stirring blade (26) is connected with the second rotating shaft (22) in a welding mode, the lower end of the support (15) is provided with an electromagnetic valve (29), a medicine conveying pipe (27) is arranged below the electromagnetic valve (29), and the lower end of the medicine conveying pipe (27) is provided with a spray head (28).
7. The apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling cultivation substrate as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the handle (9) is connected with the baffle (8) through a screw, and the first motor (12) is connected with the first rotating shaft (5) through the first coupler (11).
8. The apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling cultivation substrate as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the first rotating shaft (5) is connected with the first stirring blade (6) through welding.
9. The apparatus for preparing a persimmon seedling cultivation substrate as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the spray head (28) is connected with the medicine conveying pipe (27) through threads, and the medicine mixing barrel (20) is connected with the medicine conveying pipe (27) through a pipeline.
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| CN111066620B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-04-15 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | Cotton straw decomposing composite matrix and application thereof |
| CN115281055B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-06-06 | 河南鸣皋智能科技有限公司 | Manufacturing device and method of biological breeding nutrient medium for agriculture |
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