CN109068635B - 基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂、制造其的方法和包括其的应用 - Google Patents
基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂、制造其的方法和包括其的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109068635B CN109068635B CN201780028487.6A CN201780028487A CN109068635B CN 109068635 B CN109068635 B CN 109068635B CN 201780028487 A CN201780028487 A CN 201780028487A CN 109068635 B CN109068635 B CN 109068635B
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- ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH2]O[SiH3] ZQTYRTSKQFQYPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本文提供一种不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物,其包括具有通式(I)AOaR4 b(BOcR11 d)e(C)fDg的酯改性的有机硅。还提供所述酯改性的有机硅(I)的制造方法以及包括所述不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物的农业、涂料、个人护理和家用护理的施用品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及表面活性剂、更具体地涉及基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂,以及它们在农业、涂料、个人护理和家用护理的施用品(应用,application)中的用途。
背景技术
表面活性剂一直在很多领域中被广泛使用。在表面活性剂的使用中,诸如润湿、铺展、发泡、去垢等的性质在使用它们的各种施用品中是重要的。
另外,已经表明,一些表面活性剂抑制多种农业化学品(agrochemical)在多个植物物种中的摄取(吸收)。因此,提供如下表面活性剂将是有利的:其维持合乎需要的表面活性剂性质,同时还实现农业化学品在多个植物物种中增加的摄取。
发明内容
按照本发明,在本文中已经预料不到地发现,多种非离子的酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂(其中亲水性部段(moiety)基本上不含聚亚烷基氧部段)的使用实现化学品在多个应用中增强的摄取、例如农业化学品在多个植物物种中改善的摄取。更具体地,在本文中已经发现,本文中所述的酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂相对于聚亚烷基氧改性的碳硅烷表面活性剂具有改善的草甘膦在青草(grass)中的摄取。
按照本发明,本文中提供一种不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物(组分),其包括具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅:
AOaR4 b(BOcR11 d)e(C)fDg (I)
其中所述酯改性的有机硅包含1-3个硅原子和任选的至少一个杂原子、以及源自羟基羧酸的亲水性或亲脂性酯或聚酯基团,和其中所述酯改性的有机硅基本上不含聚亚烷基氧(聚氧化烯)部段例如聚亚乙基氧部段、聚亚丙基氧部段和聚亚丁基氧部段,
其中
A=R1R2R3Si-
B=-Si(R5)(R6)-
C=R7R8R9Si-
D=–O(R14)pR19
其中R4和R11独立地选自1-12个碳、更特别地2-4个碳原子的支化或线型的二价烃自由基,下标a、b、c、d、e、f、g和p各自为0或1并且服从以下条件:
a+b=1;当e=1时,c+d=1;和,当g=1时,则a+e+f=0;
R1R2R3R5R7R8各自独立地选自具有1-8个碳原子、更特别地1-6个碳的一价烃自由基,和6-12个碳原子的芳基或烷芳基烃自由基,或R10;
其中各R10独立地选自3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃自由基,例如非限制性实例的异丙基、叔丁基和叔戊基;
R6和R9各自独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子、更特别地包含1-4个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃自由基、或者R12,前提是在式(I)中,R6和R9是不同的并且R6和R9之一为R12,
其中R12为–R13O(R14)pR19或通式(Q)的环己基:
其中R13选自包含3-12个碳原子、更特别地3-6个碳原子的支化或线型的二价烃自由基,其任选地是被-OH取代的;
R14选自-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-、-CH2(CH2)xCH(R20)CH2O-、或通式(Y)的桥接基团:
-[C2H4O]h-[C3H6O]i-[C4H8O]j-[C2H4O]k-[CH2CH(R20)CH2O]n-(Y);
其中下标h、i、j和k为零或一并且满足以下关系:
0≤h+i+j≤1,且0≤h+k≤1
R20为H、OH或–OR19,
下标x为1-9,
下标p和n为0或1,和
R15和R16各自独立地选自H或甲基;
R17和R18各自独立地为OH或-OR19;前提是在式(Q)中R17和R18是相同或不同的,并且R17和R18的至少一个为OR19,
其中R19源自对应的羟基羧酸或对应的羟基羧酸的混合物的酯化,该羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子、更特别地2-5个碳原子
和其中R19为通式(Z):
-C(=O)-CR21R22R23 (Z)
其中R21、R22、R23各自独立地选自H、-OH、-CH2OH、-OZ、-(R24)mO-R27、-CH3、-CH2CH3、或-(R24)mO-C(=O)(CR25R26)tCH2OR27
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃自由基,
R25和R26各自独立地选自H、-OH、-CH2OH、-OZ、-(R24)mO-R27、-CH3、-CH2CH3、或-(R24)mO-C(=O)-(CR25R26)tCH2OR27
R27独立地选自H、Z、-CH2OH、-CH3、-CH2CH3、或[-C(=O)(CR25R26)tCH2O]w-R29,
R29独立地选自H、-CH2OH、-CH3、或-CH2CH3
下标m为0-3,t为1-5且w为1-5;前提是R19中Z基团的数量在1和10之间、更特别地在2和10之间;和,前提是当R21、R22和R23的任意一个或多个为式–(R24)mO-C(=O)-(CR25CR26)tCH2OR27时,R21、R22或R23基团具有1-10个–(R24)mO-C(=O)-(CR25CR26)tCH2OR27基团、更特别地2-10个–(R24)mO-C(=O)-(CR25CR26)tCH2OR27基团。
词语“不含聚亚烷基氧的”被理解为意指,本文中具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅和任选的包含如本文中所述的酯改性的有机硅的组合物基本上或完全不含聚亚烷基氧部段例如非限制性实例的聚亚乙基氧部段、聚亚丙基氧部段、聚亚丁基氧部段等,最特别地其中在本文中具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅中,亲水性部段基本上或完全不含这样的聚亚烷基氧部段。
在一个实施方式中,如关于本文中具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的聚亚烷基氧部段的词语“基本上不含”被理解为,小于5摩尔百分比、优选地小于1摩尔百分比、和更优选地小于0.1摩尔百分比,基于具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的摩尔含量,而不管其是否存在于如本文中所述的包含其的组合物中。另外的这样的摩尔百分比范围在一个非限制性实施方式中可具有0.001摩尔百分比的下端点。
本发明的多个其它特征、方面和优势参考以下描述和所附的权利要求书将变得更加明晰。
具体实施方式
在本文中的一个实施方式中,所述酯改性的有机硅具有以上所述的通式(I),其中R19选自α-羟基酸、β-羟基酸和二羟基酸,其中R19中酯基团的数量在1和10之间。
在本文中更具体的实施方式中,所述酯改性的有机硅具有通式(II):
AOC (II)
其中:
A=R1R2R3Si-
C=R7R8R9Si-
其中R2、R3、R7和R8各自为甲基,
R1为新己基,
R9为R12,其中R12为–R13O(R14)pR19
其中–R13为具有3个碳原子的二价烃自由基,
R14为-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-
R20为OH
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23式(Z),
其中R22为甲基
R21和R23为–(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z单元的数量为约3-4,
下标m和p为1;以及,
所述羟基酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸和乳酸。
在本文中的另一具体实施方式中,本发明的酯改性的有机硅具有通式(III):
AR4C (III)
其中
A=R1R2R3Si-
C=R7R8R9Si-
其中R1、R2、R3、R7和R8为甲基,
R4为–CH2CH2-
R9为R12,其中R12为–R13O(R14)pR19
其中–R13为具有3个碳原子的二价烃自由基
R14为-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-
R20为OH
R19为C(=O)-CR21R22R23式(Z),
其中R22为甲基
R21和R23为–(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z单元的数量为约3-4;
下标m和p为1;以及,
所述羟基酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸和乳酸。
在又一具体的实施方式中,所述酯改性的有机硅具有通式(IV):
AR4BOC (IV)
其中
A=R1R2R3Si-
B=-Si(R5)(R6)-
C=R7R8R9Si-
R1、R2、R3、R7和R8为甲基,
R4为–CH2CH2-
R9为R12,其中R12为–R13O(R14)pR19
其中–R13为具有3个碳原子的二价烃自由基,
R14为-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-
R20为OH
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23式(Z),
其中R22为甲基
R21和R23为–(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z单元的数量为约4-6,
下标m和p为1;以及,
所述羟基酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸和乳酸。
另一具体实施方式的酯改性的有机硅具有通式(V):
AR4C (V)
其中
A=R1R2R3Si-
C=R7R8R9Si-
R1、R2、R3、R7和R8为甲基,
R4为–CH2CH2-
R9为R12,其中R12为–R13O(R14)pR19
其中–R13为具有3个碳原子的二价烃自由基
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23式(Z),
其中R21和R23为H,
R22为–(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z单元的数量为约4-5,
下标m为1,且下标p为0;以及,
所述羟基酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸和乳酸。
甚至另一具体实施方式的酯改性的有机硅具有通式(VI):
AOBOC (VI)
其中,
A=R1R2R3Si-
B=-Si(R5)(R6)-
C=R7R8R9Si-
R1、R2、R3、R7、R8和R9为甲基,
R6为R12,其中R12为–R13O(R14)pR19
其中–R13为具有3个碳原子的二价烃自由基
R14为-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-
R20为OH
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23式(Z),
其中R22为甲基
R21和R23为–(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z单元的数量为约4-6,
下标m和p各自为1;以及,
所述羟基酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸和乳酸。
甚至另一具体实施方式的酯改性的有机硅具有通式(VII):
AR4D (VII)
其中
A=R1R2R3Si-
R4为6个碳原子的二价烃自由基;
D=–O(R14)pR19
其中R1R2和R3各自为甲基;
R14为-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-
其中R20为OH;
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23式(Z),
其中R22为甲基;
R21和R23为–(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z单元的数量为约3-6,
下标m和p各自为1;以及,
所述羟基酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸和乳酸。
另一具体实施方式的酯改性的有机硅具有通式(VIII):
AR4C (VIII)
其中
A=R1R2R3Si-
C=R7R8R9Si-
R1、R2、R3、R7和R8为甲基,
R4为–CH2CH2-
R9为式(Q)的R12
其中
R15和R16为甲基
R17和R18为-OH或-OR19;前提是在(Q)中R17和R18是相同或不同的,并且这些取代基的至少一个为OR19,
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23式(Z),
其中R21和R23为H,
R22为-(R24)mO-C(=O)(CR25R26)tCH2OR27
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R25和R26为H、–OH、-(R24)m O-C(=O)-(CR25R26)tCH2OR27,
其中R27为H、或[-C(=O)(CR25R26)tCH2O]w-R29,
R29为H,前提是R19中Z单元的数量为约3-4;
t为4或5,m为1,且w为2-3,前提是R22具有1-10个–(R24)mO-C(=O)-(CR25CR26)tCH2OR27基团。
羟基羧酸、例如特别是在上式(Z)的R19的形成中所述的那些,和在本文中的多个实施方式中这里描述的那些,在本文中的实施方式的任一个中可互换地使用。在一个具体的实施方式中,羟基羧酸选自但不限于α-羟基酸(例如乙醇酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和苦杏仁酸),β-羟基酸(例如羟基丙酸、水杨酸、肉毒碱、β-羟基β-甲基丁酸和3-羟基丁酸),二羟基酸(例如二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、二羟基苦杏仁酸和二羟基苯甲酸),以及多羟基酸例如葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖醛酸和它们的低聚或聚合的缩合产物。
本文中还提供本文中所述的具有通式(I)和/或式(II)-(VIII)任一个的酯改性的有机硅的制造方法,该方法包括:
(a)使对应的氢化物中间体和烯属改性的(烯烃改性的,olefinically-modified)中间体在催化剂(例如甲硅烷基化催化剂,例如非限制性实例的贵金属催化剂,例如本文中所述的那些)的存在下进行反应以产生环氧-改性的有机硅中间体;和其中,在一个实施方式中,对应的氢化物中间体选自式(I-a):
AOaR4 b(BHOCR11 d)eCH (I-a)
其中:
A=R1R2R3Si-;
BH=-Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH=R7R8R9HSi-;
下标a、b、c、d和e为0或1并且服从以下关系:
a+b=1且当e=1时,c+d=1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子、更特别地1-4个碳原子的一价烃基团、和包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团、或者R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团,例如非限制性实例的异丙基、叔丁基和叔戊基;
R4和R11独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子、更特别地1-3个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R6H和R9H选自包含1-8个碳原子、更特别地1-4个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、或者氢,前提是在(I-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢,和
在本文中的一个实施方式中,Q为有机硅氢化物和乙烯基环己烯氧化物(vinylcyclohexene oxide)的反应产物。
和其中烯属改性的中间体为包含一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子的分子,例如非限制性实例的烯丙基氧杂环丙烷,例如烯属改性的环氧化物例如通式:CH2=CH-(CH2)yOCH2CH(O)CH2的那些,或者
其中下标y为3-12,其中R15和R16为如上所述的,和其中烯属改性的中间体的一个非限制性实例为氧化环己烯;和,
(b)在催化剂(例如非限制性实例的叔胺催化剂,例如非限制性实例的三乙基胺、三丁基胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、甲基二乙醇胺、二甲基苄基胺、三苯基胺、三环己基胺、吡啶、喹啉、二甲基苯胺、二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、N-甲基咪唑、二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(1,5-5)和它们的混合物)的存在下将所述环氧-改性的有机硅中间体加入到羧酸封端的低聚物以产生具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的;以及,
其中所述羧酸封端的低聚物通过使羟基羧酸的羧酸基团和该相同或不同的羟基羧酸的羟基基团进行酯化而制成,其中所述羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子、更特别地2-5个碳原子。
在本文中的一个实施方式中,羟基羧酸的羧酸基团和该相同或不同的羟基羧酸的羟基基团的酯化,取决于如本文中所述的具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅中期望的酯化度,可在任何期望的反应条件下进行,并且所述酯化可在强酸(例如非限制性实例的硫酸)的存在下进行,并且另外的适宜反应条件将不详细说明,因为除了可将本文中所述的酯化条件应用到本文中所述的任何酯化的情况之外,本领域技术人员将相应地改变其以产生期望的酯化水平。
在本文中的一个实施方式中,贵金属催化剂可在本文中述及催化剂的使用的任何反应中使用,并且特别地可适用于制造环氧取代的有机硅的贵金属催化剂也是公知的并且包括铑、钌、钯、锇、铱或铂的络合物。用于Si-H烯烃加成反应的很多种铂催化剂是已知的,并且这样的铂催化剂可用于产生本文中所述的组合物的任意者。铂化合物可选自具有式(PtCl2烯烃)和H(PtCl3烯烃)的那些。另外的含铂材料可为氯铂酸和每克铂至多2摩尔的选自醇、醚、醛和它们的混合物的成员的络合物。本领域技术人员可容易地测定铂催化剂的有效量。通常,有效量在总的环氧改性的有机硅中间体组合物的约0.1-50百万分率的范围内。
本文中所述的具有通式(I)、和/或式(II)-(VIII)任一个的酯改性的有机硅的另一个制造方法包括
使通式(I-a)的对应的氢化物中间体和如本文中所述的烯属改性的中间体在催化剂、例如本文中所述的贵金属催化剂的存在下进行反应以产生环氧-改性的有机硅中间体:
AOaR4 b(BHOCR11 d)eCH (I-a)
其中:
A=R1R2R3Si-;
BH=-Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH=R7R8R9HSi-;
下标a、b、c、d和e为0或1并且服从以下关系:
a+b=1且当e=1时,c+d=1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子、更特别地1-4个碳原子的一价烃基团、和包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团、或R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团,例如非限制性实例的异丙基、叔丁基和叔戊基;
R4和R11独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子、更特别地1-3个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R6H和R9H选自包含1-8个碳原子、更特别地1-4个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、或者氢,前提是在(I-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢,
其中所述烯属改性的中间体拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子;以及,
使一当量的所述环氧-改性的有机硅中间体和一当量的羟基羧酸在催化剂、例如本文中所述的催化剂的存在下进行反应以产生具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,其中所述羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子。在该方法的进一步实施方式中,具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅是这样的:其包含侧链羟基,并且其中所述方法进一步任选地包括将该侧链羟基和另外的羧酸(例如本文中所述的那些羧酸)在催化剂、例如本文中所述的催化剂的存在下进行酯化、且然后用有机碱中和反应产物。
本文中所述的具有通式(I)、和/或式(II)-(VIII)任一个的酯改性的有机硅的又一个制造方法包括
使羟基羧酸的羧酸基团和该相同或不同的羟基羧酸的羟基基团进行酯化以产生特别地期望低聚化的羧酸封端的低聚物,其中所述羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子,和
使所述羧酸封端的低聚物和羟基改性的有机硅中间体进行反应以产生式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,
其中所述羟基改性的有机硅中间体通过使不含羧酸的低聚物和环氧-改性的有机硅中间体进行反应而制造,
其中所述环氧-改性的有机硅中间体通过用式(I-A)的氢化物中间体将烯属改性的中间体、例如本文中所述的烯属改性的中间体、和特别地在氢化硅烷化之前拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子的烯属改性的中间体任选地在如本文中所述的贵金属催化剂的存在下氢化硅烷化而制成:
AOaR4 b(BHOCR11 d)eCH (I-a)
其中:
A=R1R2R3Si-;
BH=-Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH=R7R8R9HSi-;
下标a、b、c、d和e为0或1并且服从以下关系:
a+b=1且当e=1时,c+d=1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子、更特别地1-4个碳原子的一价烃基团,以及包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团,或者R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团,例如非限制性实例的异丙基、叔丁基和叔戊基;
R4和R11独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子、更特别地1-3个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R6H和R9H选自包含1-8个碳原子、更特别地1-4个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、或者氢,前提是在(I-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢。
在本文中将理解,词语“羟基改性的有机硅中间体”在本文中可与词语“包含侧链羟基的具有通式(I)、或(II)-(VIII)任一个的酯改性的有机硅”互换地使用。
本文中所述的具有通式(I)、和/或式(II)-(VIII)任一个的酯改性的有机硅的另一个制造方法包括
使一当量的羟基羧酸和一当量的羟基改性的有机硅中间体在本文中所述的催化剂、例如非限制性实例的叔胺催化剂的存在下进行反应以产生具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,
其中所述羟基改性的有机硅中间体通过使不含羧酸的低聚物和环氧改性的有机硅中间体进行反应而制造,其中所述环氧-改性的有机硅中间体通过用氢化物中间体将在氢化硅烷化之前拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子的烯属改性的中间体、例如本文中所述的那些在催化剂、例如贵金属催化剂、例如本文中所述的那些的存在下氢化硅烷化而制成,其中所述氢化物中间体选自式(I-a)-(IV-a)和(VI-a)-(VII-a):
AOaR4 b(BHOCR11 d)eCH (I-a)
AOCH (II-a)
AR4CH (III-a)
AR4BHOCH (IV-a)
AOBHOCH (VI-a)
AR4DH (VII-a)
其中:
A=R1R2R3Si-;
BH=-Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH=R7R8R9HSi-;和,
DH=AR4H
下标a、b、c、d和e各自为0或1并且服从以下条件:a+b=1且当e=1时,c+d=1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的一价烃基团、和包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团、或者R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团;
R4和R11各自独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R4H为1-12个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃自由基;
R6H和R9H独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、或者氢,前提是在通式(I-a)、(IV-a)和(VI-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢,
和其中所述方法进一步任选地包括将侧链羟基和另外的羧酸、例如本文中所述的那些羧酸在催化剂、例如本文中所述的催化剂的存在下进行酯化,且然后用有机碱中和反应产物。
本文中所述的具有通式(I)、和/或式(II)-(VIII)任一个的酯改性的有机硅的又一个制造方法包括:
将羟基羧酸的羧酸基团和该相同或不同的羟基羧酸的羟基基团(如对于酯化在本文中所述的)进行酯化以产生羧酸封端的低聚物,其中所述羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子;
使所述羧酸封端的低聚物和烯属改性的中间体在本文中所述的催化剂、例如叔胺催化剂的存在下进行反应以获得烯烃官能化的低聚酯,该烯属改性的中间体拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子;以及,
用氢化物中间体将所述烯烃官能化的低聚酯在贵金属催化剂、例如本文中所述的那些的存在下氢化硅烷化以制造本文中所述的具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,其中所述氢化物中间体选自如本文中所述的式(I-a)-(IV-a)和(VI-a)-(VII-a)。
可使用所述酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂组合物的一些应用为农业应用、涂料应用、个人护理应用和家用护理应用,以及纺织品、衣物和油气应用。通常,在各应用中使用的各自的具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的量将随期望应用和其性质而变并且本领域技术人员可按需进行调整。
本发明组合物可单独地以如下多个形式使用:作为液体溶液、固体在液体中的分散体、液体在液体中的分散体如之前所述的乳液、固体混合物或固溶体,或者以之前列举的形式彼此组合地使用。
可将农业组合物和/或农药组合物定义为与肥料、杀虫剂、除草剂、杀菌剂(杀真菌剂)和植物生长调节剂在庄稼、林业、草坪和观赏植物、和公路用地的应用中的用途相关的任意组合物。
可使用本发明的酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂组合物的多个用途/应用于下:
A.农药–农业、园艺、草坪、观赏植物和林业:
很多农药应用要求向喷雾混合物加入佐剂以在叶表面上提供润湿和铺展。经常,该佐剂为表面活性剂,其可发挥多个功能例如增大喷雾液滴在难以润湿的叶子表面上的留着、增强铺展以改善喷雾覆盖率、或实现除草剂渗透到植物角质层中。这些佐剂作为桶侧(tank-side)添加剂提供或作为农药配制剂中的组分使用。
农药的典型用途包括农业、园艺、草坪、观赏植物、庭院和花园、畜牧和林业应用。本发明的农药组合物还包括至少一种农药,其中本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂按足以递送在0.005%和2%之间的最终使用浓度的量作为浓缩物或稀释在桶混合物中而存在。任选地,农药组合物可包括赋形剂、助表面活性剂、溶剂、泡沫控制剂、沉积助剂、漂移阻滞剂、生物制剂、微量营养素、肥料等。术语农药意指用于消灭害虫的任何化合物例如灭鼠剂、杀虫剂、杀螨剂、杀菌剂和除草剂。可采用的农药的说明性实例包括但不限于,生长调节剂、光合作用抑制剂、颜料抑制剂、有丝分裂中断剂、脂类生物合成抑制剂、细胞壁抑制剂和细胞膜破坏剂。在本发明组合物中农药的用量随采用的农药类型而变。
可与本发明组合物一起使用的农药化合物的更具体实例为但不限于除草剂和生长调节剂,例如:苯氧基乙酸、苯氧基丙酸、苯氧基丁酸、苯甲酸、三嗪和均三嗪、取代脲、尿嘧啶、苯达松、甜菜安、灭草定、苯敌草、哒草特、杀草强、异草酮、氟啶酮、达草灭、二硝基苯胺、异乐灵、黄草消、施田补、氨氟乐灵、氟乐灵、草甘膦、磺酰脲、咪唑啉酮、烯草酮、禾草灵、唑禾草灵、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-p-butyl)、氟吡甲禾灵、喹禾灵、稀禾定、敌草腈、异草胺和双吡喃化合物。另外,麦草畏和环磺酮。
可在本发明的情况下使用的杀菌剂组合物包括但不限于,杀螟丹,克啉菌,十二环吗啉,烯酰吗啉;氟硅唑(flusilazol),戊环唑,环唑醇,氟环唑,呋菌唑(furconazole),丙环唑,戊唑醇等;抑霉唑,甲基苯丙胺,苯菌灵多菌灵,氯噻嗪,双环内酯,肟菌酯,嘧菌酯,嘧菌酯,嘧菌酯,呋喃甲酰胺,咪鲜胺,氟磺酰胺,恶唑菌酮,克螨素,甘露醇,代森锰锌,多地辛,多果定和甲霜灵。
可与本发明组合物一起使用的杀虫剂(其包括杀幼虫剂、杀螨剂和杀卵剂(ovacide)化合物)为,但不限于,苏云金芽孢杆菌,多杀菌素,阿维菌素,多拉菌素,雷皮菌素,除虫菊酯,西维因,抗蚜威,涕灭威,灭多虫,虫螨脒,硼酸,杀虫脒,双苯氟脲,双三氟虫脲(bistrifluron),杀铃脲,除虫脲,吡虫啉,二嗪农,乙酰甲胺磷,硫丹,克来范,乐果,益棉磷,谷硫磷,异磷,毒死蜱,氯苯噻嗪,高效氯氟氰菊酯,氯菊酯,联苯菊酯,氯氰菊酯等。
肥料和微量营养素:
肥料或微量营养素包括但不限于硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铵、脲、脲铵氮、硫代硫酸铵、硫酸钾、磷酸一铵、磷酸脲、硝酸钙、硼酸、硼酸的钾和钠盐、磷酸、氢氧化镁、碳酸锰、多硫化钙、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、硫酸铁、硫酸钙、钼酸钠、氯化钙。
农药或肥料可为液体或固体。如果其为固体,则如下是优选的:其在施加之前在溶剂或本发明的基于有机改性的酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂中是可溶解的,并且所述有机硅可充当溶剂,或者对于所述溶解的表面活性剂或另外的表面活性剂可发挥该功能。
农业赋形剂:
在所述组合物中还可包括缓冲液、防腐剂和本领域中知晓的其它标准赋形剂。
在本发明组合物中还可包括溶剂。这些溶剂在室温下处于液态。实例包括水、醇、芳族溶剂、油(即矿物油、植物油、硅油等)、植物油的低级烷基酯、脂肪酸、酮、二醇类、聚乙二醇、二醇、石蜡等。具体溶剂将为如在美国专利No.5,674,832(其通过引用并入本文中)中说明的2,2,4三甲基,1 3戊烷二醇和烷氧基化的(特别地乙氧基化的)形式、或N-甲基-吡咯烷酮(n-methyl-pyrrilidone)。
助表面活性剂:
在本文中可用的助表面活性剂包括非离子型、阳离子型、阴离子型、两性、两性离子型、聚合物型(polymeric)表面活性剂,或它们的任意混合物。表面活性剂典型地为基于烃的、基于有机硅的、或基于碳氟化合物的。
而且,如在美国专利No.5,558,806(其通过引用并入本文中)中所述的具有不干扰超铺展的短链疏水基的其它助表面活性剂也是可用的。
可用的表面活性剂包括烷氧基化物、特别地乙氧基化物,其包含嵌段共聚物(其包括环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷和它们的混合物的共聚物);烷基芳基烷氧基化物(特别地乙氧基化物或丙氧基化物)和它们的衍生物(其包括烷基苯酚乙氧基化物);芳基芳基烷氧基化物(特别地乙氧基化物或丙氧基化物)和它们的衍生物;胺烷氧基化物、特别地胺乙氧基化物;脂肪酸烷氧基化物;脂肪醇烷氧基化物;烷基磺酸酯;烷基苯和烷基萘磺酸酯;硫酸化的脂肪醇、胺或酸酰胺;羟乙基磺酸钠的酸酯;磺基琥珀酸钠的酯;硫酸化或磺化的脂肪酸酯;石油磺酸酯;N-酰基肌氨酸酯;烷基糖苷(烷基多糖苷);烷基乙氧基化的胺;等。
具体实例包括烷基炔二醇(SURFONYL-Air Products)、基于吡咯烷酮的表面活性剂(例如SURFADONE–LP 100–Ashland)、2-乙基己基硫酸酯、异癸基醇乙氧基化物(例如RHODASURF DA 530–Rhodia)、乙二胺烷氧基化物(TETRONICS–BASF)、环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷的共聚物(PLURONICS–BASF)、Gemini型表面活性剂(Rhodia)和二苯基醚Gemini型表面活性剂(例如DOWFAX–Dow Chemical)。
优选的表面活性剂包括环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷的共聚物(EO/PO);胺乙氧基化物;烷基糖苷;氧基-三癸基醇乙氧基化物,等。
在一种优选的实施方式中,本发明的农业化学组合物进一步包括一种或多种农业化学成分。合适的农业化学成分包括但不限于,除草剂、杀虫剂、生长调节剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、杀疥虫剂(acaricide)、肥料、生物制剂、植物养料、微量营养素、生物杀灭剂、石蜡矿物油、甲基化的籽油(即大豆油甲酯或菜籽油甲酯)、植物油(例如大豆油和菜籽油)、水调理剂例如(Loveland Industries、Greeley、CO)和(Helena Chemical、Collierville、TN)、改性粘土例如(BASF)、泡沫控制剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、沉积助剂、抗漂移组分和水。
合适的农业化学组合物通过将以上组分的一种或多种和本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂作为桶混合物或作为“罐装”配制剂以本领域中知晓的方式(例如经由混合)进行组合而制成。术语“桶混合物”意指在使用时将至少一种农业化学品加入到喷雾介质例如水或油。术语“罐装”是指包含至少一种农业化学组分的配制剂或浓缩物。“罐装”配制剂然后可在使用时典型地在桶混合物中稀释到使用浓度、或者其可在未稀释的情况下使用。
B.涂料:
典型地,出于乳化、组分的增容、流平(leveling)、流动和表面缺陷的减少的意图,涂料配制剂将需要润湿剂或表面活性剂。另外,这些添加剂可提供固化或干燥的膜的改善,例如改善的抗磨损性、抗粘连性、亲水和疏水性。涂料配制剂可作为溶剂性(溶剂担载的,solvent-borne)涂料、水性涂料和粉末涂料存在。
涂料组分可作为如下使用:建筑涂料;OEM产品涂料例如汽车涂料和卷材涂料;专用涂料例如工业维护涂料和船舶涂料;
典型的树脂类型包括:聚酯、醇酸树脂、丙烯酸类、环氧类和聚氨酯。
C.个人护理
在一种优选的实施方式中,本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂占,相对于100重量份(“pbw”)的个人护理组合物,基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂的0.1-99pbw、更优选地0.5pbw至30pbw、和甚至更优选地1-15pbw,和个人护理组合物的1pbw至99.9pbw、更优选地70pbw至99.5pbw、和甚至更优选地85pbw至99pbw。
本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂组合物可在个人护理乳液例如洗剂和乳霜中使用。众所周知的是,乳液包括至少两个不混溶的相,其一是连续的而另一个是不连续的。另外的乳液可为具有不同粘度或固体的液体。另外,所述乳液的粒度可使得它们变成微乳液,并且微乳液在足够小时可为透明的。此外,制备乳液的乳液也是可能的并且它们通常称为多重乳液。这些乳液可为:
1)含水乳液,其中离散相包含水并且连续相包含本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂;
2)含水乳液,其中离散相包含本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂并且连续相包含水;
3)非水乳液,其中离散相包含非水羟基类溶剂并且连续相包含本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂;和
4)非水乳液,其中连续相包含非水羟基类有机溶剂并且离散相包含本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂。
如本文中使用的,术语“非水羟基类有机化合物”意指在室温(例如约25℃)和约一个大气压下为液体的包含羟基的有机化合物,其示例为醇、二醇类、多羟基醇和聚合二醇和它们的混合物。非水羟基类有机溶剂选自在室温(例如约25℃)和约一个大气压下为液体的包含羟基的有机化合物,其包括醇、二醇类、多羟基醇和聚合二醇以及它们的混合物。优选地,非水羟基类有机溶剂选自乙二醇、乙醇、丙基醇、异丙基醇、丙二醇、一缩二丙二醇、二缩三丙二醇、丁二醇、异丁二醇、甲基丙烷二醇、丙三醇、山梨糖醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇单烷基醚、聚亚烷基氧化物共聚物和它们的混合物。
一旦获得期望的形式,不管是作为有机硅单相、包含有机硅相的无水混合物、包含有机硅相的含水混合物、油包水乳液、水包油乳液、或者这两种非水乳液的任一种或关于其的变体,所得材料通常为具有改善的沉积性质和良好的触觉特性的乳霜或洗剂。能够将其共混到用于毛发护理、皮肤护理、止汗剂、防晒霜、化妆品、彩妆品、驱虫剂、维生素和激素载体、香料载体等的配制剂中。
其中可使用本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂和由其得到的本发明的有机硅组合物的个人护理施用品包括但不限于,除臭剂,止汗剂,止汗剂/除臭剂,剃须产品,皮肤洗剂,润湿剂,收敛剂,沐浴产品,清洗产品,毛发护理产品例如香波、调理剂(护发素)、摩丝、定型凝胶、喷发剂、染发剂、发色产品、毛发漂白剂、烫发产品、直发剂,美甲产品例如指甲油、指甲油去除剂、指甲霜和洗剂、角质层软化剂,防护霜例如防晒霜,驱虫和抗衰老产品,彩妆品例如唇膏、粉底、扑面粉、眼线笔、眼影、腮红、化装用品、睫毛膏,和用于局部施加待施加到皮肤的药用组合物的药物递送系统。
在一种优选的实施方式中,本发明的个人护理组合物进一步包括一种或多种个人护理成分。合适的个人护理成分包括,例如润肤剂,润湿剂,保湿剂,颜料、其包括珠光颜料(例如氯氧化铋和二氧化钛包覆的云母),着色剂,香料,生物杀灭剂,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,抗微生物剂,抗真菌剂,止汗剂,去角质剂,激素,酶,药用化合物,维生素,盐,电解质,醇,多元醇,紫外辐射吸收剂,植物提取物,表面活性剂,硅油,挥发性有机硅,有机油,蜡,成膜剂,增稠剂例如热解法二氧化硅或水合二氧化硅,颗粒填料例如滑石、高岭土、淀粉、改性淀粉、云母、尼龙,粘土例如膨润土和有机改性的粘土。
合适的个人护理组合物通过将以上组分的一种或多种和基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂以本领域中知晓的方式(例如经由混合)进行组合而制成。合适的个人护理组合物可为单相的形式,或者其中有机硅相可为离散相或连续相的乳液(其包括水包油、油包水和无水乳液)以及多重乳液(例如油包水包油乳液和水包油包水乳液)的形式。
在一个可用的实施方式中,止汗剂组合物包括本发明的基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂和一种或多种活性止汗剂。合适的止汗剂包括,例如,在美国食品药品监督管理局在1993年10月10日的专著中关于非处方人类用途的止汗剂药物产品列举的第I类活性止汗剂成分,例如卤化铝、羟基卤化铝(例如氯化羟铝)及其与氧基卤化氧锆(zirconyloxyhalide)和羟基卤化氧锆(zirconyl hydroxyhalide)的络合物或混合物,例如氯化羟铝-锆(aluminum-zirconium chlorohydrate),铝锆甘氨酸络合物(aluminum zirconiumglycine complexe)例如四羟基氯化铝锆甘氨酸络合物(aluminum zirconiumtetrachlorohydrex gly)。
在另一可用的实施方式中,皮肤护理组合物包括,基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂和媒介物(载剂,vehicle)例如硅油或有机油。皮肤组合物可任选地进一步包括润肤剂,例如三甘油酯、蜡酯、脂肪酸的烷基或烯基酯、或者多羟基醇酯,和一种或多种在皮肤护理组合物中常规使用的已知组分,例如颜料、维生素(例如维生素A、维生素C和维生素E)、防晒霜或遮光(sunblocking)化合物(例如二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧苯酮、辛基甲氧基肉桂酸酯、丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷、对氨基苯甲酸和辛基二甲基对氨基苯甲酸)。
在另一可用的实施方式中,彩妆品组合物(例如唇膏、化装用品或睫毛膏组合物)包括基于酯改性的有机硅的表面活性剂和着色剂例如颜料、水溶性染料或脂溶性染料。
在另一可用的实施方式中,本发明组合物与香料结合使用。这些香料可为芬香化合物、包封的芬香化合物、或作为纯化合物或被包封的芬香释放化合物。
本发明组合物的用途不受限于个人护理组合物,还联想到用本发明组合物处理的其它产品例如蜡、擦亮剂和纺织品。
D.家用护理
家用护理施用品包括衣物洗涤剂和织物软化剂、洗碟液、木制品和家具擦亮剂、地板擦亮剂、浴缸和瓷砖清洁剂、抽水马桶清洁剂、硬表面清洁剂、窗户清洁剂、防雾剂、排水沟清洁剂、自动洗盘洗涤剂和展开剂(sheeting agent)、地毯清洁剂、预洗除污剂、除锈剂和除垢剂。
在本文中一个另外的实施方式中,本发明的酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂组合物是这样的:其使得对于包含具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的施用品的多种农业化学品的叶摄取比对于包含三硅氧烷烷氧基化物(例如聚亚烷基氧化物改性的七甲基三硅氧烷)的相当施用品的多种农业化学品的叶摄取要快。在一个非限制性实施方式中,多种农业化学品的叶摄取在施加之后2小时时更大,更特别地在施加之后4小时时更大。在一个更具体的实施方式中,14C-草甘膦-IPA在谷仓周围空地(晒谷场,barnyard)野稗(Echinachloa-crus-galii)中的摄取通过在所附Gaskin等人的文献中所述的方法在处理之后(HAT)2和24小时测定,并且表明比没有本发明组合物的14C-草甘膦-IPA处理要大。
以下非限制性实施例是对本发明的进一步说明。
实施例
“聚酯硅”(PES)的制备实施例:
制备实施例1(ID:PES-1)
将25g(0.186摩尔)二羟甲基丙酸与0.1g浓硫酸和25g(1.47摩尔)水一起加入到装有机械搅拌机、氮气入口的4-颈烧瓶中。将该混合物在115℃下快速加热。通过1H NMR监测二羟甲基丙酸的低聚化。在平均低聚度变为1.5之后,将烧杯快速冷却到80℃以下。立刻经由滴液漏斗加入0.5g三乙基胺和34.11g(0.124摩尔)的2-{3-[二甲基-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙基)-硅烷基]-丙氧基甲基}-氧杂环丙烷的混合物。然后,将反应混合物最初在90℃下搅拌18h和最终在110℃下搅拌2h。
此后,将反应混合物在真空(5托)下在50℃保持~2h以除去挥发物。获得浅棕色高粘聚合物(61%固体)。通过1H-NMR的分析指明,环氧基团到酯的转化率为100%,其中低聚平均值为1.5个酯单元。
总结构:
制备实施例2(ID:CSE-2)
将25g(0.186摩尔)二羟甲基丙酸与0.1g浓硫酸和6.25g(0.367摩尔)的水加入到装有机械搅拌机、氮气入口的4-颈烧瓶中。将该混合物在115℃下快速加热。如以上提到的,通过1H-NMR监测二羟甲基丙酸的低聚化。在实现3.5个酯单元的平均低聚度之后,将所述烧瓶快速冷却到80℃以下。立刻经由滴液漏斗加入0.5g三乙基胺和14.6g(0.053摩尔)的2-{3-[二甲基-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙基)-硅烷基]-丙氧基甲基}-氧杂环丙烷的混合物。然后将反应混合物最初在90℃下搅拌18h和最终在110℃下搅拌2h。
此后,将反应混合物在真空(5托)下在50℃下保持~2h以除去挥发物。获得浅棕色高粘聚合物(95%固体)。通过1H-NMR的分析指明,环氧基团到酯的转化率为100%,其中低聚平均值为3.5个酯单元。
总结构:
制备实施例3(ID:PES-3)
将25g(0.186摩尔)二羟甲基丙酸与0.1g浓硫酸和2.78g(0.163摩尔)水一起加入到装有机械搅拌机、氮气入口的4-颈烧瓶中。将该混合物在115℃下快速加热。通过1H-NMR监测二羟甲基丙酸的低聚化。在实现4.5的平均低聚度之后,将所述烧瓶快速地冷却到80℃以下。立刻经由滴液漏斗加入0.5g三乙基胺和11.37g(0.041摩尔)的2-{3-[二甲基-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙基)-硅烷基]-丙氧基甲基}-氧杂环丙烷的溶液。然后,将反应混合物最初在90℃下搅拌18h和最终在110℃下搅拌2h。
此后,将反应混合物在真空(5托)下在50℃下保持~2h以除去挥发物。获得浅棕色高粘聚合物(94%固体)。通过1H-NMR的分析指明,环氧基团到酯的转化率为100%,其中低聚平均值为4.5个酯单元。
总结构:
制备实施例4(ID:PES-4)
将25g(0.186摩尔)二羟甲基丙酸与0.1g浓硫酸和1.32g(0.078摩尔)水一起加入到装有机械搅拌机、氮气入口的4-颈烧瓶中。将该混合物在115℃下快速加热。如以上提到的,通过1H NMR监测二羟甲基丙酸的低聚化。在平均低聚度变为6之后,将烧瓶快速冷却到80℃以下。立刻经由滴液漏斗加入0.5g三乙基胺和8.53g(0.031摩尔)的2-{3-[二甲基-(2-三甲基硅烷基-乙基)-硅烷基]-丙氧基甲基}-氧杂环丙烷的溶液。然后将反应混合物最初在90℃下搅拌18h和最终在110℃下搅拌2h。
此后,将反应混合物在真空(5托)下在50℃下保持~2h以除去挥发物。获得浅棕色高粘聚合物(97%固体)。通过1H-NMR的分析指明,环氧基团到酯的转化率为100%,其中低聚平均值为6个酯单元。
近似结构:
对比表面活性剂:
对比-A:(CH3)3-Si-CH2CH2Si(CH3)2-K
对比-B(CH3)3-Si-O-Si(CH3)(K)O-Si-(CH3)3
其中K=-C3H2O(CH2CH2O)8CH3
结果
实施例1铺展性质
表面活性剂组合物的铺展通过将期望水溶液(0.1%重量/体积)的10μL液滴施加到聚苯乙烯皮氏培养皿的下半部而测定。在30秒之后记录铺展直径(mm)。
表-1证明,在各组中铺展随表面活性剂浓度的增大而增加。另外,当酯单元的数量增多时,除了包含6个酯单元的PES-4之外,存在相应的铺展减少,这意味着相行为或总溶解度也可对铺展起作用。
表1-酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂的铺展性质
实施例2–酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂的表面张力
降低水的表面张力的能力是用在农业配制剂中的表面活性剂的重要因素。测定本发明组合物相对于对比-A的作为浓度函数的表面张力。酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂(PES-1至PES-4)和对比-A基于相同的疏水基团:
(CH3)3-Si-CH2CH2Si(CH3)2-.
主要区别是亲水基团,其对于对比-A为聚亚乙基氧[-C3H2O(CH2CH2O)8CH3],而PES组合物的亲水基团是基于低聚的二羟甲基丙酸的,如以上在制备实施例1-4中所示的。
使用威廉米悬片法测量表面张力。在去离子水中制备各种组合物的溶液。表2证明,尽管PES组合物上的亲水基团基于聚酯而非聚亚乙基氧,但是本发明组合物能够将水的表面张力降低到中低的20’s mN/m。总之,这些材料在典型的使用水平(0.1%至1%)下给出比对比-A低的表面张力。另外,所述PES组合物的大多数具有比对比-A低的临界胶束浓度(CMC)。
表2–酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂的表面张力
实施例3-佐剂对14C-草甘膦异丙基胺盐在稗草中的摄取的影响(效果)。
该实施例比较了表面活性剂的亲水基团(聚亚乙基氧基团相对于酯基团)对除草剂草甘膦(0.75%)在稗草(Echinachloa-crus-galii)中的摄取的影响。值得注意的是,本发明的酯改性的有机硅表面活性剂(PES-1、PES-3和PES-4)和对比-A基于完全相同的疏水基团[即(CH3)3-Si-CH2CH2Si(CH3)2-],但是使用不同的亲水基团。
摄取根据Gaskin等人在1993.Pestic.Sci.38:185-192(其在此处被引用)中所述的方法在处理之后(HAT)2和24小时测定。使用微量注射器将十滴放射(放射元素)标记的除草剂14C-草甘膦-异丙基胺(GLY)溶液的0.24μl液滴施加到各植物上的最嫩全张开叶子的近轴表面。通过如下评估摄取:用水-乙醇(1:1)的溶液洗涤经处理的叶子表面以回收未被吸收的放射标记的除草剂、并且借助液体闪烁计数进行量化。摄取作为未被回收的14C-标记的除草剂相对于施加剂量的百分数进行计算。
表3-亲水基团对14C-GLY在稗草中的摄取的影响
备注1:拥有共同尾注的平均数在统计学上没有区别(p=0.05)
表3证明,本发明组合物相对于对比材料(对比-A)预料不到地提供在2HAT和24HAT时的草甘膦-IPA在稗草中的摄取方面的显著改善。
实施例4-佐剂对Gly-IPA溶液的液滴附着和在稗草中总的可用剂量的影响
在稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)叶子表面上测定佐剂对1%水溶液(Gly-IPA)的除草剂草甘膦-异丙基胺的液滴附着和总的可用剂量的影响。
使用为了形成大约400μm单尺寸液滴具有200μm喷嘴开口的压电液滴产生器测定喷雾液滴附着(以经撞击液滴的%计)(Stevens等人,1993)。液滴自由降落的距离为14cm。稗草(BYDG)的叶子表面是非常难以润湿的。在所述叶子的近轴表面上的接触角(20%丙酮水溶液(aqueous acetone))为180°。液滴从14cm高度撞击到水平放置的叶子。
表4证明,本发明的酯改性的有机硅组合物提供相对于对比佐剂相似或更好的在BYDG上的液滴附着。
同样,农业化学品进入到叶子表面的实际量依赖于液滴附着。因此,我们可通过将摄取水平和附着考虑在内计算对于摄取递送的Gly-IPA量作为“总的可用剂量”(TAD)。其可表示为:TAD=摄取%X附着%。TAD越高,则递送到BYDG中的Gly-IPA的量越大。
表4还证明,本发明的不含EO-的酯改性的有机硅组合物提供与包含EO的对比-A相比等同或更好的性能。其中PES-1和PES 3在液滴附着和TAD方面显著增大。PES-4相对于对比-A给出更高的摄取水平,然而两个产物均具有低的附着水平。
表4-佐剂对总的可用剂量的影响
备注1:在列中,拥有共同尾注的平均数在统计学上没有区别(LSD试验,P=0.05)
2.对比A是基于用作为疏水物的聚亚乙基氧化物(~8EO,甲基封端的;参见关于对比表面活性剂的段落)改性的碳硅烷的。
尽管参考一些示例性实施方式已经对本发明进行描述,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,可做出多个改变并且可用等同物替代其元素而不偏离本发明的范围。另外,为了使具体情景或材料适用于本发明的教导可做出很多变更而不偏离其实质范围。因此,预期到,本发明不应局限于本文中公开的任何具体的示例性实施方式。
Claims (27)
1.不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物,其包括具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅:
AR4(BR11)e (C)fDg(I)
其中
A = R1 R2 R3 Si-
B = -Si (R5)(R6)-
C = R7 R8 R9 Si-
D = -O(R14)pR19
其中R4和R11各自独立地选自1-12个碳的支化或线型的二价烃自由基,p为1,下标e、f和g各自为0或1并且服从以下条件:
当g = 1时,则e+f = 0;并且当g = 0时,则f = 1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8各自独立地选自具有1-8个碳原子的一价烃自由基、6-12个碳原子的芳基或烷芳基烃自由基、和R10;
其中各R10独立地选自3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃自由基;
R6和R9各自独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃自由基、和R12,前提是在式(I)中,R6和R9是不同的并且R6和R9之一为R12,
其中R12为-R13O(R14)pR19,
其中R13选自任选地被-OH取代的包含3-12个碳原子的支化或线型的二价烃自由基;
R14选自-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-,
R20为OH,
下标p为1,和
R19源自对应的羟基羧酸或对应的羟基羧酸的混合物的酯化,该羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子,
和其中R19为通式(Z):
-C(=O)-CR21R22R23 (Z)
其中R21、R22、R23各自独立地选自H、-OH、-CH2OH、-(R24)mO-R27、-CH3、和-CH2CH3,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃自由基,
R27独立地选自H、Z、-CH2OH、-CH3、和-CH2CH3,
下标m为0-3;
前提是R19中Z基团的数量在1和10之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述羟基羧酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸和乳酸。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述酯改性的有机硅为通式(III):
AR4C (III)
其中
A = R1R2R3Si-
C = R7R8R9Si-
其中R1、R2、R3、R7和R8为甲基,
R4为-CH2CH2-,
R9为R12,其中R12为-R13O(R14)pR19
其中-R13为具有3个碳原子的二价烃自由基,
R14为-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-,
R20为OH,
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23 式(Z),
其中R22为甲基
R21和R23为-(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z基团的数量为3-4;
下标m和p为1;以及,
所述羟基羧酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸和乳酸。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物,其中所述羟基羧酸选自二羟甲基丙酸。
5.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述酯改性的有机硅为通式(V):
AR4C (V)
其中
A = R1R2R3Si-
C = R7R8R9Si-
R1、R2、R3、R7和R8为甲基,
R4为-CH2CH2-,
R9为R12,其中R12为-R13O(R14)pR19
其中-R13为具有3个碳原子的二价烃自由基,
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23 式(Z),
其中R21和R23为H,
R22为-(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z基团的数量为4-5,
下标m为1,且下标p为1;以及,
所述羟基羧酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸和乳酸。
6.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述酯改性的有机硅为通式(VII):
AR4D (VII)
其中
A = R1R2R3Si-
R4为6个碳原子的二价烃自由基;
D = -O(R14)pR19
其中R1、R2和R3各自为甲基;
R14为-CH2CH(R20)CH2O-
其中R20为OH;
R19为-C(=O)-CR21R22R23 式(Z),
其中R22为甲基;
R21和R23为-(R24)mO-R27,
其中R24为1-3个碳原子的二价烃,
R27为Z或H,前提是R19中Z基团的数量为3-6,
下标m和p各自为1;以及,
所述羟基羧酸选自二羟甲基丙酸、乙醇酸和乳酸。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的组合物,其中所述羟基羧酸选自二羟甲基丙酸。
8.权利要求1的具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的制造方法,其包括:
使对应的氢化物中间体和烯属改性的中间体在催化剂的存在下进行反应以产生环氧-改性的有机硅中间体,
其中所述对应的氢化物中间体选自式(I-a):
AR4(BHR11)eCH (I-a)
其中:
A = R1R2R3Si-;
BH = -Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH = R7R8R9HSi-;
下标e为0或1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8各自独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的一价烃基团、包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团、和R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团;
R4和R11各自独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R6H和R9H各自选自包含1-8个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、和氢,前提是在式(I-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的,并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢,和
其中所述烯属改性的中间体拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子;以及,
使一当量的所述环氧-改性的有机硅中间体和一当量的羟基羧酸在催化剂的存在下进行反应以产生具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,其中该羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅是这样的:它包含侧链羟基,和其中所述方法进一步包括使所述侧链羟基和另外的羟基羧酸在酸催化剂的存在下进行酯化、且然后用有机碱中和反应产物。
10.权利要求1的具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的制造方法,其包括:
使羟基羧酸的羧酸基团和该相同或不同的羟基羧酸的羟基基团进行酯化以产生羧酸封端的低聚物,其中所述羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子,和
使所述羧酸封端的低聚物和羟基改性的有机硅中间体进行反应以产生式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,
其中所述羟基改性的有机硅中间体通过使不含羧酸的低聚物和环氧-改性的有机硅中间体进行反应而制造,
其中所述环氧-改性的有机硅中间体通过用式(I-a)的氢化物中间体将烯属改性的中间体氢化硅烷化而制成,该烯属改性的中间体在氢化硅烷化之前拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子,
AR4(BHR11)eCH (I-a)
其中:
A = R1R2R3Si-;
BH = -Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH = R7R8R9HSi-;
下标e为0或1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8各自独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的一价烃基团、和包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团、和R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团;
R4和R11各自独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R6H和R9H各自选自包含1-8个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、和氢,前提是在式(I-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢。
11.权利要求1的具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的制造方法,其包括:
使一当量的羟基羧酸和一当量的羟基改性的有机硅中间体在催化剂的存在下进行反应以产生具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,
其中所述羟基改性的有机硅中间体通过使不含羧酸的低聚物和环氧-改性的有机硅中间体进行反应而制造,
其中所述环氧-改性的有机硅中间体通过用选自式(I-a)、(III-a)和(VII-a)的氢化物中间体将烯属改性的中间体氢化硅烷化而制成,该烯属改性的中间体在氢化硅烷化之前拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子:
AR4(BHR11)eCH (I-a)
AR4CH (III-a)
AR4DH (VII-a)
其中:
A = R1R2R3Si-;
BH = -Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH = R7R8R9HSi-;和,
DH=AR4H
下标e为1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8各自独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的一价烃基团、包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团、和R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团;
R4和R11各自独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R4H为1-12个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃自由基;
R6H和R9H独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、和氢,前提是在通式(I-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅是这样的:它包含侧链羟基,并且其中所述方法进一步包括使所述侧链羟基和另外的羟基羧酸在酸催化剂的存在下进行酯化、且然后用有机碱中和反应产物。
13.权利要求1的具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅的制造方法,其包括:
将羟基羧酸的羧酸基团和该相同或不同的羟基羧酸的羟基基团进行酯化以产生羧酸封端的低聚物,其中所述羟基羧酸包含2-8个碳原子;
使所述羧酸封端的低聚物和烯属改性的中间体在催化剂的存在下进行反应以获得烯烃官能化的低聚酯,所述烯属改性的中间体拥有一个或多个氧杂环丙烷或氧杂环丁烷基团并且包含一个或多个末端或侧链的碳碳双键和包含4-12个碳原子;以及,
用选自式(I-a)、(III-a)和(VII-a)的氢化物中间体将所述烯烃官能化的低聚酯氢化硅烷化以产生具有通式(I)的酯改性的有机硅,
AR4(BHR11)eCH (I-a)
AR4CH (III-a)
AR4DH (VII-a)
其中:
A = R1R2R3Si-;
BH = -Si(R5)(R6H)-;
CH = R7R8R9HSi-;和,
DH=AR4H
下标e为1;
R1、R2、R3、R5、R7、R8各自独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的一价烃基团、包含6-12个碳原子的一价芳基和烷芳基烃基团、和R10,
其中R10选自包含3-6个碳原子的支化的一价烃基团;
R4和R11各自独立地选自包含1-4个碳原子的二价烃基团;
R4H为1-12个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃自由基;
R6H和R9H各自独立地选自包含1-8个碳原子的线型或支化的一价烃基团、和氢,前提是在通式(I-a)中,R6H和R9H是不同的并且R6H或R9H的至少一个为氢。
14.农业组合物,其包括:(i)农业化学活性成分;(ii)权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物;(iii)任选的一种或多种农业化学赋形剂,其选自缓冲液、防腐剂和溶剂;以及(iv)任选的一种或多种助表面活性剂,其选自非离子、阳离子、阴离子、两性、两性离子、和聚合物表面活性剂。
15.如权利要求14所述的农业组合物,其中所述组合物为除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂的一种或多种。
16.如权利要求15所述的农业组合物,其中农业化学成分为草甘膦。
17.如权利要求14所述的农业组合物,其中所述组合物施加到庄稼或植物。
18.涂料施用品,其包括权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物,其中所述涂料施用品选自建筑涂料;OEM产品涂料;工业维护涂料;和,船舶涂料。
19.个人护理组合物,其包括权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物。
20.个人护理组合物,其为含水乳液,其中离散相包括水并且连续相包括权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物。
21.个人护理组合物,其为含水乳液,其中离散相包括权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物并且连续相包括水。
22.个人护理组合物,其为非水乳液,其中离散相包括非水羟基类溶剂并且连续相包括权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物。
23.个人护理组合物,其为非水乳液,其中连续相包括非水羟基类有机溶剂并且离散相包括权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物。
24.个人护理施用品,其包括权利要求19的个人护理组合物,其中所述个人护理施用品选自除臭剂,止汗剂,止汗剂/除臭剂,剃须产品,皮肤洗剂,润湿剂,收敛剂,沐浴产品,清洗产品,毛发护理产品例如香波、调理剂、摩丝、定型凝胶、喷发剂、染发剂、发色产品、毛发漂白剂、烫发产品、直发剂,美甲产品例如指甲油、指甲油去除剂、指甲霜和洗剂、角质层软化剂,防护霜例如防晒霜、驱虫和抗衰老产品,彩妆品例如唇膏、粉底、扑面粉、眼线笔、眼影、腮红、化装用品、睫毛膏,以及用于局部施加待施加到皮肤的药用组合物的药物递送系统。
25.如权利要求24所述的个人护理施用品,其包括选自如下的至少一种个人护理成分:润肤剂,润湿剂,保湿剂,颜料、其包括珠光颜料例如氯氧化铋和二氧化钛包覆的云母,着色剂,香料,生物杀灭剂,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,抗微生物剂,抗真菌剂,止汗剂,去角质剂,激素,酶,药用化合物,维生素,盐,电解质,醇,多元醇,紫外辐射吸收剂,植物提取物、表面活性剂,硅油,挥发性有机硅,有机油,蜡,成膜剂,增稠剂例如热解法二氧化硅或水合二氧化硅,颗粒填料例如滑石、高岭土、淀粉、改性淀粉、云母、尼龙,粘土例如膨润土和有机改性的粘土。
26.家用护理组合物,其包括权利要求1的不含聚亚烷基氧的表面活性剂组合物。
27.家用护理施用品,其包括权利要求26的家用护理组合物,其中所述家用护理施用品选自衣物洗涤剂和织物软化剂、洗碟液、木制品和家具擦亮剂、地板擦亮剂、浴缸和瓷砖清洁剂、抽水马桶清洁剂、硬表面清洁剂、窗户清洁剂、防雾剂、排水沟清洁剂、自动洗盘洗涤剂和展开剂、地毯清洁剂、预洗除污剂、除锈剂和除垢剂。
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DE102009002415A1 (de) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Emulgator enthaltend glycerinmodifizierte Organopolysiloxane |
KR101627304B1 (ko) | 2009-11-24 | 2016-06-03 | 모멘티브 퍼포먼스 머티리얼즈 게엠베하 | 친수성/친유성 개질된 유화제로서의 폴리실록산 |
US9428616B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2016-08-30 | Momentive Performance Materials Gmbh | Low viscosity polyorganosiloxanes comprising quaternary ammonium groups, methods for the production and the use thereof |
US10947347B2 (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2021-03-16 | Momentive Performance Materials Gmbh | Hyrophilic ethylene oxide free emulsifier comprising dendrimeric polyhydroxylated ester moieties |
US20160100573A1 (en) | 2014-10-10 | 2016-04-14 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Quaternary organosilicon surfactants, methods of making same and applications containing the same |
-
2016
- 2016-04-07 US US15/092,751 patent/US9988404B2/en active Active
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2017
- 2017-03-29 CN CN201780028487.6A patent/CN109068635B/zh active Active
- 2017-03-29 WO PCT/US2017/024666 patent/WO2017176518A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-03-29 DE DE112017001919.2T patent/DE112017001919T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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CN109068635A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
DE112017001919T5 (de) | 2018-12-27 |
WO2017176518A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
US20170291914A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
US9988404B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 |
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