CN109029690A - Multi-purpose ultrasonic working state amplitude measuring method and device based on electromagnetic induction principle - Google Patents

Multi-purpose ultrasonic working state amplitude measuring method and device based on electromagnetic induction principle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109029690A
CN109029690A CN201810620514.5A CN201810620514A CN109029690A CN 109029690 A CN109029690 A CN 109029690A CN 201810620514 A CN201810620514 A CN 201810620514A CN 109029690 A CN109029690 A CN 109029690A
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amplitude
permanent magnet
loop
stub
support arm
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CN109029690B (en
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赵波
李鹏涛
王毅
赵重阳
高国富
王晓博
焦锋
向道辉
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H11/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
    • G01H11/02Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by magnetic means, e.g. reluctance

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于电磁感应原理的多用超声工作态振幅测量方法及装置,其变幅器的中部环绕有内线圈和外线圈,所述外线圈通过支架固定,夹紧支臂的水平段夹持被测量的所述工具头,所述夹紧支臂的竖直段下端的导体棒位于永磁体中,所述永磁体、内线圈和刀柄通过保持架固定在一起,使工具头、夹紧支臂、导体棒、永磁铁,内线圈与刀柄一同随主轴同步旋转;内线圈两端接线口与金属导轨上端由连接线相连,用导线连接外线圈、放大电路、示波器。本发明超声加工频率较高,当振动频率为23kHz,工具头振幅为10μm,工具头最大振动速度可达1.45m/s,以该速度在磁场中运动,所得电压及电流信号极易测量,微弱的机械振动通过电信号放大,极大地减小了测量误差。

The invention discloses a multipurpose ultrasonic working state amplitude measurement method and device based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The middle part of the horn is surrounded by an inner coil and an outer coil, and the outer coil is fixed by a bracket to clamp the horizontal section of the support arm. Clamp the tool head to be measured, the conductor bar at the lower end of the vertical section of the clamping arm is located in the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet, the inner coil and the knife handle are fixed together by the holder, so that the tool head, The arm, conductor rod, and permanent magnet are clamped, and the inner coil and tool handle rotate synchronously with the spindle; the wiring ports at both ends of the inner coil are connected to the upper end of the metal guide rail by connecting wires, and the outer coil, amplifying circuit, and oscilloscope are connected with wires. The ultrasonic machining frequency of the present invention is relatively high. When the vibration frequency is 23 kHz, the tool head amplitude is 10 μm, and the maximum vibration speed of the tool head can reach 1.45 m/s. When moving in the magnetic field at this speed, the voltage and current signals obtained are very easy to measure and are weak. The mechanical vibration is amplified by the electrical signal, which greatly reduces the measurement error.

Description

Multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method and device based on electromagnetic induction principle
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic vibrating machining machinery fields, more particularly to a kind of multi-purpose super based on electromagnetic induction principle Sound operating conditions vibration amplitude measurement method and device.
Background technique:
Ultrasonic wave added processing is developed rapidly in manufacture field in recent years, and processing effect is significant.Ultrasonic amplitude is ultrasonic wave added processing Important parameter in the process, directly affects processing effect and processing efficiency, lead to multipair amplitude measurement can also speculate ultrasonic-frequency power supply, The match condition of energy converter and amplitude transformer, therefore ultrasonic amplitude is ultrasonic system design, the important parameter in actual processing and index.
The method of current measurement amplitude is various, can only but be surveyed in the state of only applying ultrasonic action but no work Amount replaces true dynamic amplitude when work with the measured value under the state.In the actual processing process due to the clamping of knife handle, Frequency drift, temperature change, main shaft high speed rotation, the vibration of lathe and a variety of processing factors such as apply loaded difference shadow Ring so that under the amplitude that measures and amplitude in actual work and unequal, and the factor for influencing processing quality is real work When amplitude, even if traditional measurement method is error free, amplitude when also not can guarantee actual processing is equal with measured value, therefore traditional Measurement method is unfavorable for accurate characterization machined parameters.If the influence of above-mentioned disturbing factor can be got rid of, vibration is measured in the operating condition Width, it will greatly reduction measurement error, the relationship of further accurate characterization processing quality and machined parameters, to ultrasonic wave added plus The development of work is of great significance.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art and provide, a kind of design is reasonable, is passed using wireless It is defeated, both avoided contact friction, also improve measurement accuracy, also extend service life of equipment based on electromagnetic induction principle Multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method and device.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method based on electromagnetic induction principle, comprising the following steps:
(1) upper end of amplitude transformer is installed in knife handle, is surrounded in the middle part of the lower end installation tool head of amplitude transformer, amplitude transformer Interior loop and exterior loop, exterior loop are fixed by the bracket, and are clamped the measured tool heads of the horizontal segment clamping of support arm, are clamped support arm The stub of vertical section lower end be located in permanent magnet, permanent magnet, interior loop and knife handle are fixed together by retainer, make work Have head, clamp support arm, stub, permanent magnet, interior loop synchronously rotates with spindle together with knife handle;
(2) it adjusts and keeps rack position, be located at stub at permanent magnet uniform magnetic field, clamp two metals of the vertical section of support arm Guide rail upper end adjusts exterior loop position, keeps interior loop, exterior loop coaxial not in magnetic field;
(3) interior loop both ends connection jaws are connected with metal guide rail upper end by connecting line, with conducting wire connection exterior loop, amplifying circuit, Oscillograph;
(4) ultrasonic vibration system power supply is connected, when processing is stablized, survey calculation result: motional electromotive force E1=BLV, permanent magnet Magnetic induction density B and stub length L are certain, electromotive force E1Directly proportional to the vibration velocity under supersonic frequency, inner-outer coil is mutual Feel E2=ΨE1, Ψ is uniquely determined by the relative position and the number of turns of inner-outer coil, by kE after k times of amplification of oscillograph output2Voltage Waveform, it is known that the changing rule of the speed V of stub cutting magnetic induction line takes the absolute value of speed in n cycle time to be accumulated It point calculates, it to get the amplitude of tool heads is a/2 that calculate average value, which be a,.
The clamping support arm includes horizontal segment and vertical section, and L-shaped, horizontal segment is made of two insulating guide rails, vertical section For metal guide rail, by collet clamping tool head, vertical section is two metal guide rails for horizontal segment left end, and lower end connects conductor Stick.
Under main shaft high speed rotation, rigidity can reach requirement for the retainer and clamping support arm;The metal guide rail, It is provided with shell outside stub, permanent magnet, to prevent cutting fluid from having an impact to measurement, and permanent magnet bottom the Distance tool head Working face is remote enough.
The exterior loop and interior loop are located at same level height and keep coaxial arrangement, so that the magnetic strength that interior loop generates Line all passes through exterior loop, increases radio transmission efficiency.Amplitude transformer includes piezoelectric ceramics, energy converter and amplitude transformer, also, luffing Bar is provided with cylindrical section, ring flange, conical section and lower cylindrical section.
A kind of multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus based on electromagnetic induction principle, including amplitude transformer, the luffing Device upper end is mounted in knife handle, and the lower end of the amplitude transformer is equipped with tool heads, is surrounded with interior loop in the middle part of the amplitude transformer And exterior loop, the exterior loop are fixed by the bracket, and clamp the measured tool heads of the horizontal segment clamping of support arm, the folder The stub of the vertical section lower end of tight support arm is located in permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet, interior loop and knife handle are fixed by retainer Together, make tool heads, clamp support arm, stub, permanent magnet, interior loop synchronously rotates with spindle together with knife handle;Interior loop Both ends connection jaws are connected with metal guide rail upper end by connecting line, connect exterior loop, amplifying circuit, oscillograph with conducting wire;The work When having hair life ultrasonic frequency vibratory, vibration velocity is big, and the stub fly-cutting magnetic induction line generates induced electromotive force and sense Electric current is answered, electric signal is transferred to interior loop, and the interior loop and exterior loop mutual inductance, amplifying circuit amplify signal, by oscillograph Output voltage waveforms, the velocity image of stub, can obtain tool under working condition known to voltage oscillogram after integrated calculating The amplitude of head.
The clamping support arm includes horizontal segment and vertical section, and L-shaped, horizontal segment is made of two insulating guide rails, vertical section For metal guide rail, by collet clamping tool head, vertical section is two metal guide rails for horizontal segment left end, and lower end connects conductor Stick.
Under main shaft high speed rotation, rigidity can reach requirement for the retainer and clamping support arm;The metal guide rail, It is provided with shell outside stub, permanent magnet, to prevent cutting fluid from having an impact to measurement, and permanent magnet bottom the Distance tool head Working face is remote enough.
The exterior loop and interior loop are located at same level height and keep coaxial arrangement, so that the magnetic strength that interior loop generates Line all passes through exterior loop, increases radio transmission efficiency.Amplitude transformer includes piezoelectric ceramics, energy converter and amplitude transformer, also, luffing Bar is provided with cylindrical section, ring flange, conical section and lower cylindrical section;The tool heads are milling cutter, brill in ultrasonic wave added processing Head, bistrique.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, Ultrasonic machining frequency of the present invention is higher, studies have shown that tool heads amplitude is 10 μm, tool when vibration frequency is 23kHz Head maximum velocity is moved in magnetic field, gained voltage and current signal easily measures, micro- up to 1.45m/s with the speed Weak mechanical oscillation are amplified by electric signal, greatly reduce measurement error.
2, the crucial place of the present invention also resides in that the present invention overcomes existing measurement methods not to be capable of measuring amplitude under working condition Difficulty, get rid of in the actual processing process due to the clamping of knife handle, frequency drift, temperature change, lathe vibration and apply Influence of a variety of processing factors such as loaded difference to amplitude measurement, thus the present invention is influenced smaller by measurement environment.
3, interior loop of the present invention, permanent magnet and knife handle are connected, and interior loop is fixed, exterior loop rotates, and interior loop, exterior loop are adopted With wireless transmission, overcomes stub and be difficult to measure the difficulty of electric signal with main shaft high speed rotation.
4, the present invention is suitable for a variety of processing methods such as ultrasonic wave added milling, drilling, grinding, processes amplitude for ultrasonic wave added Measurement provide new unified method, implementation easy to spread is with good economic efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus based on electromagnetic induction principle;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus based on electromagnetic induction principle;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of amplitude transformer and energy converter in Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment: referring to figures 1-3, in figure, 1- knife handle, 2- amplitude transformer, 3- interior loop, 4- exterior loop, 5- bracket, 6- tool Head, 7- amplifying circuit, 8- oscillograph, 9- retainer, 10- horizontal segment insulating guide rail, 11- permanent magnet, 12- conducting wire, 13- clamp branch Arm, 14- metal guide rail, 15- stub, 16- piezoelectric ceramics, 17- energy converter, cylindrical section in 18- amplitude transformer, 19- ring flange, 20- amplitude transformer conical section, 21- amplitude transformer lower cylindrical section.
Multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method based on electromagnetic induction principle, comprising the following steps:
(1) upper end of amplitude transformer 2 is installed in knife handle 1, at the lower end installation tool head 6 of amplitude transformer 2, the middle part of amplitude transformer 2 It is surrounded with interior loop 3 and exterior loop 4, exterior loop 4 is fixed by bracket 5, clamps the measured work of the horizontal segment clamping of support arm 13 Has head 6, the stub 15 for clamping the vertical section lower end of support arm 13 is located in permanent magnet 11, permanent magnet 11, interior loop 3 and knife handle 1 It is fixed together by retainer 9, makes tool heads 6, clamps support arm 13, stub 15, permanent magnet 11, interior loop 3 and knife handle 1 one It is same to synchronously rotate with spindle;
(2) 9 position of retainer is adjusted, is located at stub 15 at 11 uniform magnetic field of permanent magnet, clamps the vertical section of support arm 13 Two 14 upper ends of metal guide rail adjust 4 position of exterior loop not in magnetic field, keep interior loop 3, exterior loop 4 coaxial;
(3) 3 both ends connection jaws of interior loop are connected with 14 upper end of metal guide rail by connecting line, with conducting wire connection exterior loop 4, amplification electricity Road 7, oscillograph 8;
(4) when ultrasonic frequency vibratory occurs for tool heads 6, vibration velocity is big, and 15 fly-cutting magnetic induction line of stub generates induced electricity Kinetic potential and induced current, electric signal are transferred to interior loop 3,4 mutual inductance of interior loop 3 and exterior loop, and amplifying circuit 7 amplifies signal, By 8 output voltage waveforms of oscillograph, the velocity image of stub, can obtain work shape known to voltage oscillogram after integrated calculating The amplitude of tool heads 6 under state.
Ultrasonic vibration system power supply is connected, when processing is stablized, survey calculation result: motional electromotive force E1=BLV, permanent magnet Magnetic induction density B and stub length L it is certain, electromotive force E1It is directly proportional to the vibration velocity under supersonic frequency, inner-outer coil Mutual inductance E2=ΨE1, Ψ is uniquely determined by the relative position and the number of turns of inner-outer coil, by kE after k times of amplification of oscillograph output2Electricity Corrugating, it is known that the changing rule of the speed V of stub cutting magnetic induction line takes the absolute value of speed in n cycle time to carry out Integral calculation, it to get the amplitude of tool heads is a/2 that calculate average value, which be a,.
Clamping support arm 13 includes horizontal segment and vertical section, and L-shaped, horizontal segment is made of two insulating guide rails 10, vertical section For metal guide rail 14, by collet clamping tool head 6, vertical section is two metal guide rails 14, lower end connection for horizontal segment left end Stub 15.
Under main shaft high speed rotation, rigidity can reach requirement for retainer 9 and clamping support arm 13;Metal guide rail 14 is led It is provided with shell outside body stick 15, permanent magnet 11, to prevent cutting fluid from having an impact to measurement, and 11 bottom of permanent magnet is apart from work It is remote enough to have 6 working face of head.
Exterior loop 4 and interior loop 3 are located at same level height and keep coaxial arrangement, so that the magnetic strength that interior loop 3 generates Line all passes through exterior loop 4, increases radio transmission efficiency.Amplitude transformer includes piezoelectric ceramics 16, energy converter 17 and amplitude transformer, and And amplitude transformer is provided with cylindrical section 18, ring flange 19, conical section 20 and lower cylindrical section 21.
It clamps support arm 13, permanent magnet 11 and knife handle 1 to be connected, interior loop 3, exterior loop 4 overcome conductor using wireless transmission Stick 15 is difficult to measure the difficulty of electric signal with main shaft high speed rotation, is achieved the measurement of amplitude under working condition.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, it is all It is any simple modification, equivalent change and modification to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention, still falls within In the range of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method based on electromagnetic induction principle, comprising the following steps:
(1) upper end of amplitude transformer is installed in knife handle, is surrounded in the middle part of the lower end installation tool head of amplitude transformer, amplitude transformer Interior loop and exterior loop, exterior loop are fixed by the bracket, and are clamped the measured tool heads of the horizontal segment clamping of support arm, are clamped support arm The stub of vertical section lower end be located in permanent magnet, permanent magnet, interior loop and knife handle are fixed together by retainer, make work Have head, clamp support arm, stub, permanent magnet, interior loop synchronously rotates with spindle together with knife handle;
(2) it adjusts and keeps rack position, be located at stub at permanent magnet uniform magnetic field, clamp two metals of the vertical section of support arm Guide rail upper end adjusts exterior loop position, keeps interior loop, exterior loop coaxial not in magnetic field;
(3) interior loop both ends connection jaws are connected with metal guide rail upper end by connecting line, with conducting wire connection exterior loop, amplifying circuit, Oscillograph;
(4) ultrasonic vibration system power supply is connected, when processing is stablized, survey calculation result: motional electromotive force E1=BLV, permanent magnet Magnetic induction density B and stub length L are certain, electromotive force E1Directly proportional to the vibration velocity under supersonic frequency, inner-outer coil is mutual Feel E2=ΨE1, Ψ is uniquely determined by the relative position and the number of turns of inner-outer coil, by kE after k times of amplification of oscillograph output2Voltage Waveform, it is known that the changing rule of the speed V of stub cutting magnetic induction line takes the absolute value of speed in n cycle time to be accumulated It point calculates, it to get the amplitude of tool heads is a/2 that calculate average value, which be a,.
2. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method according to claim 1 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: the clamping support arm includes horizontal segment and vertical section, and L-shaped, horizontal segment is made of two insulating guide rails, and vertical section is gold Belong to guide rail, by collet clamping tool head, vertical section is two metal guide rails for horizontal segment left end, and lower end connects stub.
3. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method according to claim 1 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: under main shaft high speed rotation, rigidity can reach requirement for the retainer and clamping support arm;The metal guide rail is led It is provided with shell outside body stick, permanent magnet, to prevent cutting fluid from having an impact to measurement, and permanent magnet bottom the Distance tool head work It is remote enough to make face.
4. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method according to claim 1 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: the exterior loop and interior loop are located at same level height and keep coaxial arrangement, so that the magnetic induction line that interior loop generates All by exterior loop, increase radio transmission efficiency.
5. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state vibration amplitude measurement method according to claim 1 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: amplitude transformer includes piezoelectric ceramics, energy converter and amplitude transformer, also, amplitude transformer is provided with cylindrical section, ring flange, circular cone Section and lower cylindrical section.
6. a kind of multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus based on electromagnetic induction principle, including amplitude transformer, the amplitude transformer Upper end is mounted in knife handle, and the lower end of the amplitude transformer is equipped with tool heads, it is characterized in that: being surrounded in the middle part of the amplitude transformer Interior loop and exterior loop, the exterior loop are fixed by the bracket, and clamp the measured tool heads of the horizontal segment clamping of support arm, The stub of the vertical section lower end for clamping support arm is located in permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet, interior loop and knife handle pass through holding Frame is fixed together, and makes tool heads, clamps support arm, stub, permanent magnet, interior loop synchronously rotates with spindle together with knife handle; Interior loop both ends connection jaws are connected with metal guide rail upper end by connecting line, connect exterior loop, amplifying circuit, oscillograph with conducting wire; When ultrasonic frequency vibratory occurs for the tool heads, vibration velocity is big, and the stub fly-cutting magnetic induction line generates induction electric Gesture and induced current, electric signal are transferred to interior loop, and the interior loop and exterior loop mutual inductance, amplifying circuit amplify signal, by Oscillograph output voltage waveforms, the velocity image of stub, can obtain working condition known to voltage oscillogram after integrated calculating The amplitude of lower tool heads.
7. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus according to claim 6 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: the clamping support arm includes horizontal segment and vertical section, and L-shaped, horizontal segment is made of two insulating guide rails, and vertical section is metal Guide rail, by collet clamping tool head, vertical section is two metal guide rails for horizontal segment left end, and lower end connects stub.
8. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus according to claim 6 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: under main shaft high speed rotation, rigidity can reach requirement for the retainer and clamping support arm;The metal guide rail is led It is provided with shell outside body stick, permanent magnet, to prevent cutting fluid from having an impact to measurement, and permanent magnet bottom the Distance tool head work It is remote enough to make face.
9. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus according to claim 6 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: the exterior loop and interior loop are located at same level height and keep coaxial arrangement, so that the magnetic induction line that interior loop generates All by exterior loop, increase radio transmission efficiency.
10. the multi-purpose ultrasound works state amplitude measuring apparatus according to claim 6 based on electromagnetic induction principle, feature Be: amplitude transformer includes piezoelectric ceramics, energy converter and amplitude transformer, also, amplitude transformer is provided with cylindrical section, ring flange, circular cone Section and lower cylindrical section;The tool heads are milling cutter, drill bit, bistrique in ultrasonic wave added processing.
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CN111351565A (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-30 金顿仪器科技(昆山)有限公司 Method and measuring module for measuring ultrasonic vibration during processing of rotating object
CN113203467A (en) * 2021-04-02 2021-08-03 大连理工大学 Ultrasonic-assisted machining load amplitude measuring device and method
WO2021234619A1 (en) 2020-05-21 2021-11-25 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. Phacoemulsification probe comprising magnetic sensors and/or multiple independent piezoelectric vibrators
CN114370924A (en) * 2020-10-15 2022-04-19 长春工业大学 Method and device for detecting vibration amplitude of vibration cutting tool
CN114888637A (en) * 2022-05-18 2022-08-12 北京航空航天大学 Device and method for measuring amplitude of ultrasonic cutter under load condition
CN115112221A (en) * 2022-07-01 2022-09-27 枣庄高新建设集团有限公司 A detector for detecting vibration amplitude of CNC machine tools
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US12324770B2 (en) 2021-04-15 2025-06-10 Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Inc. Compensating for imperfect behavior of multi-piezoelectric crystal

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CN111351565A (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-30 金顿仪器科技(昆山)有限公司 Method and measuring module for measuring ultrasonic vibration during processing of rotating object
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CN115112221A (en) * 2022-07-01 2022-09-27 枣庄高新建设集团有限公司 A detector for detecting vibration amplitude of CNC machine tools

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