CN114370924A - Method and device for detecting vibration amplitude of vibration cutting tool - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting vibration amplitude of vibration cutting tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN114370924A CN114370924A CN202011099643.8A CN202011099643A CN114370924A CN 114370924 A CN114370924 A CN 114370924A CN 202011099643 A CN202011099643 A CN 202011099643A CN 114370924 A CN114370924 A CN 114370924A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/12—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of longitudinal or not specified vibrations
- G01H1/16—Amplitude
Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for detecting the amplitude of a vibration cutting tool, which can detect the amplitude of the vibration cutting tool in real time. The method and the device amplify a charge signal of an acceleration sensor into a voltage signal by using a charge amplifier, acquire acceleration data of the cutter into the industrial personal computer by using a data acquisition card, the industrial personal computer and a LabVIEW program, convert acceleration time domain data into acceleration frequency domain data by using a fast Fourier transform algorithm, integrate the acceleration frequency domain data into amplitude frequency domain data by using a secondary frequency domain integration method, and convert the amplitude frequency domain data into amplitude time domain data by using inverse Fourier transform, so that the amplitude of the vibration cutting cutter is obtained. The method has the advantages of simple required equipment and low requirement on detection environment, so that the precision of amplitude measurement is ensured, and the detection cost is effectively controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of vibration cutting tool amplitude measurement, in particular to a vibration cutting tool amplitude detection method and device.
Technical Field
The amplitude of the vibration cutting after being loaded is attenuated, and the attenuation of the amplitude can influence the critical speed of the cutter, so that the processing speed is reduced; amplitude attenuation also adversely affects the quality of the machined surface. At present, an optical method, a laser interference method and the like are generally adopted for measuring the vibration amplitude of the vibration cutting, the measuring methods all depend on expensive precise instruments, and although the measuring precision is high, the problems that the equipment cost is high, the measurement on a processing site is inconvenient, the instant measuring data is provided and the like exist. The method has the advantages that the vibration acceleration of the cutter is measured by the acceleration sensor, and the conversion from the acceleration to the amplitude is realized through a series of algorithms, so that the method is low in cost and low in requirement on the measurement environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of high cost and difficult measurement of vibration cutting amplitude, the embodiment of the application provides a detection method and a detection device for vibration cutting tool amplitude, and the vibration cutting tool amplitude can be conveniently measured.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting amplitude of a vibration cutting tool, including:
step 1: converting the physical quantity of the vibration of the cutter into a charge signal which can be collected by using an acceleration sensor arranged in the vibration direction of the vibration cutting cutter;
step 2: amplifying a weak charge signal output by the acceleration sensor into a voltage signal which can be collected by a data acquisition card by using a charge amplifier;
and step 3: controlling a data acquisition card by using a DAQ data assistant in LabVIEW software, acquiring acceleration data of an acceleration sensor, and obtaining acceleration time domain data with interference signals removed through direct current component removal and filtering processing;
and 4, step 4: converting the acceleration time domain data after the interference signals are removed into acceleration frequency domain data through fast Fourier transform;
and 5: integrating the acceleration frequency domain data into amplitude frequency domain data by a secondary frequency domain integration method;
step 6: and converting the amplitude frequency domain data into amplitude time domain data through inverse fast Fourier transform, thereby obtaining the amplitude of the vibration cutting tool.
According to the detection method provided by the embodiment of the application, the used acceleration sensor is provided with the customized magnetic suction seat, the weight is small, the influence on the whole vibration system is almost 0, and the detection method is convenient to install on a cutter; because the vibration frequency of vibration cutting is generally very high, the frequency response of the selected acceleration sensor and the charge amplifier is larger than the vibration frequency of a tool of the vibration cutting machine tool, and the sampling theorem shows that the maximum sampling rate of the selected data acquisition card is at least 2 times of the frequency of a vibration source to be measured in order to keep sampling undistorted; the method for detecting the acceleration of the vibrating body by the sensor and converting the acceleration into the amplitude by a series of algorithms has the advantages of no requirement of a high-precision optical instrument on the measuring environment, low cost and economy.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus for detecting an amplitude of a vibrating cutting tool, which is used for detecting the amplitude of the vibrating cutting tool, and includes: a single-shaft acceleration sensor for detecting vibration of a vibration cutting tool, a charge amplifier for amplifying a charge signal of the acceleration sensor, a PCI data acquisition card for acquiring an amplified signal of the charge amplifier, and an industrial personal computer for installing the PCI data acquisition card are provided.
The single-axis acceleration sensor for detecting the vibration of the vibration cutting tool is used for being installed in the vibration direction of the vibration cutting machine tool and converting the vibration physical quantity of the tool into an electric signal capable of being collected.
The charge amplifier for amplifying the charge signal of the acceleration sensor is used for amplifying the charge variation of the acceleration sensor into voltage variation which can be collected by the data acquisition card.
The PCI data acquisition card for acquiring the amplified signal of the charge amplifier is used for acquiring voltage change data amplified by the charge amplifier and transmitting the acquired data to the industrial personal computer.
The industrial personal computer used for installing the PCI data acquisition card is used for installing LabVIEW software, receiving data sent by the data acquisition card, operating a LabVIEW program and processing the received data so as to obtain the amplitude of the vibration cutting tool.
According to the device for detecting the vibration amplitude of the vibration cutting tool, the used acceleration sensor is single-shaft and is provided with the special magnetic suction seat, the weight is small, the influence on the whole vibration system is almost 0, and the device is convenient to install in the vibration direction of the tool; because the vibration frequency of vibration cutting is generally very high, the frequency response of the selected acceleration sensor and the selected charge amplifier is larger than the vibration frequency, and the maximum sampling rate of the selected data acquisition card is at least 2 times of the frequency of the vibration source to be measured according to the sampling theorem if the sampling is not distorted; the method has the advantages that the acceleration of the vibrating body is detected by the sensor, and the detected acceleration is converted into the amplitude through operations such as direct-current component, filtering, fast Fourier transform, secondary frequency domain integration, fast Fourier inverse transform and the like, so that the requirement of a high-precision optical instrument on the measuring environment is not required, the detection cost is greatly reduced, and the method is economical and practical for measuring the amplitude of the vibration cutting tool.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a method of amplitude detection for a vibrating cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is an apparatus for detecting the amplitude of vibration of a vibrating cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The amplitude of the vibration cutting after being loaded is attenuated, and the attenuation of the amplitude can influence the critical speed of the cutter, so that the processing speed is reduced; amplitude attenuation also adversely affects the quality of the machined surface. At present, an optical method, a laser interference method and the like are generally adopted for measuring the vibration amplitude of the vibration cutting, the measuring methods all depend on expensive precise instruments, and although the measuring precision is high, the problems that the equipment cost is high, the measurement on a processing site is inconvenient, the instant measuring data is provided and the like exist.
In order to solve the problems of high cost and difficult measurement of vibration cutting amplitude measurement, the embodiment of the application provides an effective detection method.
The embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings attached to the specification.
The embodiment of the application provides a detection method for vibration cutting amplitude detection, which specifically comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1:
s101, converting a physical quantity of vibration into a charge signal which can be collected by using an acceleration sensor arranged in the vibration direction of the vibration cutting tool;
s102, amplifying a charge signal of the acceleration sensor into a voltage signal through a charge amplifier;
s103, controlling a data acquisition card by using LabVIEW software, and acquiring a voltage signal amplified by a charge amplifier;
s104, performing direct current component removal and filtering processing on the acquired voltage signal in a Labview software programming program;
s105, carrying out fast Fourier transform and secondary frequency domain integration processing on the preprocessed acceleration time domain data by using Labview software;
and S106, carrying out fast Fourier inverse transformation processing on the amplitude frequency domain data subjected to the secondary frequency domain integration by using Labview software to obtain the amplitude of the vibration cutting tool.
The embodiment of the application firstly utilizes the acceleration sensor S201 to collect the vibration acceleration of the cutter, the acceleration sensor with the magnetic attraction seat is installed in the vibration direction of the cutter, and the acceleration sensor with the magnetic attraction seat is selected mainly for convenient installation.
The acceleration sensor is connected to a charge amplifier S203 through a special cable S202 with an interference signal shielding function, and then the charge amplifier is connected to the data acquisition card through a special cable S204 with an interference signal shielding function.
Since the data acquisition card S205 of NI is PCI interface, so need a set of industrial computer S206 with PCI interface, insert the data acquisition card in the PCI slot of the mainboard of the industrial computer, finish connecting.
And installing corresponding drivers on the industrial personal computer according to the specification of NI data acquisition and the attached driver optical disk according to specified operation.
Since LabVIEW software is required to be programmed and run, the latest version of LabVEW software is also required to be installed in the industrial personal computer. The resulting data will be displayed on a display screen.
When the acceleration signal is collected, the interference of the interference signal and the white noise is not beneficial to processing the collected data, so the collected acceleration signal needs to be processed before data processing; the specific treatment method comprises the following steps: removing direct current components and filtering.
Formula for removing direct current component:
the direct current component can be removed by an average value method, and the collected acceleration signal is { a } if the number of sampling points is Nk(k =1,2,3, …, N). The average of the sampling points is as follows
Subtracting the average value from the value of each sampling point to obtain the acceleration signal { a'k}(k=1,2,3,…,N)。
And (3) filtering treatment: according to the principle of the acceleration sensor, the acceleration sensor is sensitive to high-frequency signals, low-frequency signal signals are frequency bands with poor sensor precision, and the vibration frequency of vibration cutting is a set numerical value, so that a band-pass filter is used for filtering interference signals outside a target frequency, and a Butterworth band-pass filter can be used for filtering interference signals such as white noise outside the target frequency.
The data after the direct current component removal and the filtering processing can be calculated through a program algorithm, time domain data are converted into frequency domain data through Fourier forward transform, and the formula is as follows:
assume that the sampled acceleration signal is { a }nN =1,2,3, …, N, where N is the number of sampling points and N, k are positive integers, then a positive fourier transform is performed
In the formula: n is the number of sampling points, N, k are positive integers, anFor acceleration values, j is an imaginary number, and e, π is a constant.
After the frequency domain data of the acceleration signal is obtained, the acceleration frequency domain data can be integrated into amplitude frequency domain data according to secondary frequency domain integration, and a specific integration formula is as follows:
carrying out secondary integration on the acceleration frequency domain signal A (k) to obtain an amplitude calculation formula:
in the formula:
Δ f is the frequency resolution, fdAnd fuThe upper limit and the lower limit of the cut-off frequency are respectively, N is the number of sampling points, and w is the frequency corresponding to the Fourier component.
The amplitude frequency domain data can be converted into amplitude time domain data according to an inverse Fourier transform formula, and the actual amplitude can be obtained through the average peak value of the time domain data.
The inverse fourier transform formula is:
in the formula: n is the number of sampling points, and N and k are positive integers.
According to the detection device provided by the embodiment of the application, the used acceleration sensor is single-shaft and is provided with the special magnetic suction seat, the weight is small, the influence on the whole vibration system is almost 0, and the detection device is convenient to mount on a cutter; because the vibration frequency of vibration cutting is generally very high, the frequency response of the selected acceleration sensor and the selected charge amplifier is larger than the vibration frequency, and the maximum sampling rate of the selected data acquisition card is at least 2 times of the frequency of the vibration source to be measured according to the sampling theorem if the sampling is not distorted; the method for detecting the acceleration of the vibrating body by the sensor and converting the acceleration into the amplitude by a series of algorithms has the advantages that the requirement of a high-precision instrument on the measuring environment is not required, the detection cost is greatly reduced, and the method is an economic method for measuring the amplitude.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the foregoing method embodiments have been described as a series of acts or combination of acts, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited by the order of acts or acts described, as some steps may occur in other orders or concurrently with other steps in accordance with the application. Further, those skilled in the art should also appreciate that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments and that the acts and modules referred to are not necessarily required in this application. In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one type of division of logical functions, and there may be other divisions when actually implementing, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be an electrical or other form.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method and apparatus for detecting the amplitude of vibration of a vibrating cutting tool, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a uniaxial acceleration sensor for detecting vibration of a vibration cutting tool, a charge amplifier for amplifying a charge signal of the acceleration sensor, a PCI data acquisition card for acquiring an amplified signal of the charge amplifier, and an industrial personal computer for mounting the PCI data acquisition card; during detection, an acceleration sensor is arranged in the vibration direction of a tool of a vibration cutting machine tool, the acceleration sensor is connected with a charge amplifier, the charge amplifier is connected with a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card is finally arranged in an industrial personal computer, and LabVIEW software and related driving programs are arranged in the industrial personal computer;
the vibration cutting tool amplitude detection implementation steps are as follows:
step 1: converting the physical quantity of the vibration of the cutter into a charge signal which can be collected by using an acceleration sensor arranged in the vibration direction of the vibration cutting cutter;
step 2: amplifying a weak charge signal output by the acceleration sensor into a voltage signal which can be collected by a data acquisition card by using a charge amplifier;
and step 3: controlling a data acquisition card by using a DAQ data assistant in LabVIEW software, acquiring acceleration data of an acceleration sensor, and obtaining acceleration time domain data with interference signals removed through direct current component removal and filtering processing;
and 4, step 4: converting the acceleration time domain data after the interference signals are removed into acceleration frequency domain data through fast Fourier transform;
and 5: integrating the acceleration frequency domain data into amplitude frequency domain data by a secondary frequency domain integration method;
step 6: and converting the amplitude frequency domain data into amplitude time domain data through inverse fast Fourier transform, thereby obtaining the amplitude of the vibration cutting tool.
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