CN109021750B - 一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料 - Google Patents
一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土5‑15%、膨润土3‑6%、纯丙乳液15‑20%、轻质碳酸钙15‑25%、羟乙基纤维素4‑8%、复合光催化剂5‑8%、淀粉醚6‑9%、水性硅油1‑3%、表面活性剂0.5‑2%、分散剂1‑3%、增稠剂0.3‑1%、余量为去离子水;采用水热法将Ru掺杂到BiNbO4中进行改性处理,提高了BiNbO4的可见光范围,减少其光生电子‑空穴复合,大大提高其光催化性能,再将复合光催化剂Ru‑BiNbO4负载到活化的硅藻土上,增加了光催化剂的催化面积,大大提高了复合光催化剂Ru‑BiNbO4的对甲醛的降解速率,制得的硅藻泥涂料实用性更强,具有优异的性能,装饰后的表面更加光滑,应用价值高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料。
背景技术
环境污染将会诱导人体产生病变,这已经成为人们的共识。居住环境中弥漫着的致病菌、PM2.5细微颗粒及致病、致癌有机物越来越引起人们关注,室内装修材料产生的甲醛、挥发性有机物(VolatileOrganicCompounds,VOC)、细小的粉尘颗粒、有毒成分已经成为消费者在房屋装修后首先关注的问题。其中,甲醛是一种无色、具有强烈刺激性气味的气体,在室温下极易挥发,挥发量随着温度的升高而增大,对人的皮肤和粘膜具有强烈的刺激作用,在人体内可以转变成甲醇,对视神经产生不良影响。长期接触低剂量甲醛容易引起慢性呼吸道疾病、妊娠综合症及新生儿体质降低,情况严重者甚至引起鼻咽癌。高浓度甲醛对神经系统、免疫系统、肝脏等都有毒害作用。
硅藻泥涂料是一种高科技的新型内墙装饰材料,硅藻泥的主要成分是硅藻土,外观为粉末状。硅藻泥比活性炭要5000-6000倍的小孔,因而具有极强的吸附能力。硅藻泥吸附甲醛功能是需要吸收大量水辅助,缓慢持续释放负氧离子,能有效分解甲醛、甲苯等有害致癌物质,但是在外界条件改变的情况下,甲醛很容易脱附出来。
现有的净化涂料中常用的光催化剂为TiO2,TiO2光催化剂存在自身的局限性,带隙能较大,为3.2eV,只有当波长小于387.5nm的紫外光照射到其表面时,其电子才能被激发,而太阳光中紫外部分低于5%,且对室内可见光利用率更低。另外,经过激发TiO2产生的光生电子和空穴很容易发生复合,导致激发的氧化活性较高的羟基自由基减少,这在一定程度上也限制了TiO2在光催化领域的应用。
BiNbO4因为具有良好的光吸收特性,能在可见光下光解水和有效降解有机污染物,因而成为一种有发展潜力的光催化材料,正交晶系的BiNbO4的光学带隙在2.6-2.8eV范围之间,比能最大化利用可见光所需的2.0eV的带隙要大,考虑其光学带隙取2.6eV,其价带顶比光解水标准电极所需的氧化势低0.35eV,比还原势高0.97eV,因此满足光解水所需的对氧化还原势的要求,BiNbO4的光催化活性受到吸附性能较差、光生载流子易复合等问题的限制,因此常用过渡金属、贵金属及非金属等对其进行掺杂改性处理,以提高其光解水的光催化活性,由于而Bi空位缺陷有利于光生载流子的分离和迁移,因此在富氧条件下得到的具有Bi空位缺陷的BiNbO4体系将会有较好的光催化活性。金属掺杂改性的BiNbO4光催化剂鲜有报道,将其应用到硅藻泥涂料中更是鲜有报道,所以研究和开发新高效光催化剂是非常必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,制得的硅藻泥涂料实用性更强,具有优异的性能,装饰后的表面更加光滑,且无需额外添加水的辅助,在无紫外光的室内的情况下,也可对甲醛进行降解,应用价值高。
本发明需要解决的技术问题为:
1、现有的硅藻泥涂料光滑性不够;
2、现有的硅藻泥涂料需要水辅助且在暗室内其甲醛降解效果差;
3、如何提高室内甲醛的降解速率。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土5-15%、膨润土3-6%、纯丙乳液15-20%、轻质碳酸钙15-25%、羟乙基纤维素4-8%、复合光催化剂5-8%、淀粉醚6-9%、水性硅油1-3%、表面活性剂0.5-2%、分散剂1-3%、增稠剂0.3-1%、余量为去离子水。
进一步,所述的复合光催化剂为Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂,Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硝酸铋溶解在50-65%浓硝酸中,边搅拌边加水稀释至5-7mol/L,搅拌均匀后得到硝酸铋酸溶液;
(2)将铌酸钾溶解在5-7mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中,搅拌均匀后得到铌酸钾溶液;
(3)边搅拌硝酸铋酸溶液将铌酸钾溶液滴入其中,滴加完毕后,搅拌15-20min;
(4)将硝酸钌加入到步骤(3)的混合溶液中,搅拌溶解完全,加入稀硝酸或者稀氢氧化钾溶液调节溶液pH为中性,继续搅拌20-30min;
(5)将步骤(4)的混合溶液转移到有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢水热釜中密封反应,反应结束后,取出反应釜,冷却至室温,除去上层清液,离心,洗涤、干燥后得到了Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂粉末。
进一步,所述的硝酸铋、铌酸钾和硝酸钌的摩尔比为1:1.1-1.3:0.01-0.014。
进一步,步骤(5)所述的密封反应条件为在178-182℃下反应5-7h。
进一步,所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基杂多酸铵盐。
进一步,所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌。
进一步,所述的增稠剂为乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯。
进一步,用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡2-5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1-1.5h;(b)以10-15℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧40-60min;(c)以5-7℃/min的升温速率升温到1100℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20-30min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为10-76nm;
S2、复合光催化剂的负载:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土,机械混合2-3.5h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在500-600℃下进行煅烧3-5h,即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的硅藻土;
S3、将负载的复合光催化剂的硅藻土、膨润土、纯丙乳液、淀粉醚加入到搅拌机中,室温下以26-30rpm的速度搅拌40-60min,加入轻质碳酸钙和羟乙基纤维素,搅拌均匀后,加入分散剂、增稠剂和去离子水,在35-40℃下,以32-36rpm的速度搅拌2h,降温至10-15℃,加入表面活性剂和水性硅油,以21-25rpm的速度搅拌2-3h,过滤后即得到硅藻泥涂料。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,以硅藻土、膨润土、轻质碳酸钙和纯丙乳液为主料制得的涂料,其表面光滑度极大提高,且能长期的保持表面清洁,轻质碳酸钙的加入能够增加涂料的体积、降低成本,改善加工性能,提高涂料的稳定性、耐热性、消光性、耐磨性、阻燃性等,加入羟乙基纤维素、表面活性剂和水性硅油作为各种助剂能够改善生产过程、提高产品质量和产量,制得的硅藻泥涂料实用性更强,具有优异的性能,装饰后的表面更加光滑,解决了现有的硅藻泥涂料光滑性不够的问题;
(2)本发明提供了一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,将普通的硅藻土进行酸化煅烧,除去了硅藻土结构层中的杂质,疏通了硅藻土的孔隙,提高了硅藻土本身的吸附活性;活化硅藻土和复合光催化剂混合后加入到球磨机中,通过机械挤压混合,使得复合光催化剂充分负载在活化硅藻土层格中,进而减小了硅藻土的粒径,同时增大了硅藻土和复合光催化剂的比表面积,提高了硅藻土的吸附能力;接着将得到的负载化合物和硅藻泥涂料的剩余原料加入到搅拌机中,搅拌均匀后,即得到了高活性的硅藻泥涂料,硅藻土将甲醛吸附到表面,复合光催化剂即对甲醛进行降解,无需额外添加水的辅助,在无紫外光的室内的情况下,也可对甲醛进行降解,应用价值高,解决了现有的硅藻泥涂料需要水辅助且在暗室内甲醛降解效果差的问题;
(3)采用水热法将Ru掺杂到BiNbO4中进行改性处理,提高了BiNbO4的可见光范围,减少其光生电子-空穴复合,大大提高其光催化性能,水热法因其制备温度相对较低、晶粒结晶度好、分散性好、粒径分布窄,控制反应温度为178-182℃和硝酸钌的加入量,制得的复合光催化剂Ru-BiNbO4为正交晶型,光催化性能较佳,再将复合光催化剂Ru-BiNbO4负载到活化的硅藻土上,增加了光催化剂的催化面积,大大提高了复合光催化剂Ru-BiNbO4的对甲醛的降解速率。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土10%、膨润土4%、纯丙乳液15%、轻质碳酸钙25%、羟乙基纤维素4%、复合光催化剂5%、淀粉醚6%、水性硅油2%、表面活性剂1%、分散剂3%、增稠剂0.5%、余量为去离子水;
所述的复合光催化剂为Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂,Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂的制备方法为:
(1)将10mol硝酸铋溶解在50%浓硝酸中,边搅拌边加水稀释至5mol/L,搅拌均匀后得到硝酸铋酸溶液;
(2)将12mol铌酸钾溶解在7mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中,搅拌均匀后得到铌酸钾溶液;
(3)边搅拌硝酸铋酸溶液将铌酸钾溶液滴入其中,滴加完毕后,搅拌15min;
(4)将0.1mol硝酸钌加入到步骤(3)的混合溶液中,搅拌溶解完全,加入稀硝酸或者稀氢氧化钾溶液调节溶液pH为中性,继续搅拌30min;
(5)将步骤(4)的混合溶液转移到有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢水热釜中密封反应,在180℃下反应5h,反应结束后,取出反应釜,冷却至室温,除去上层清液,离心,洗涤、干燥后得到了Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂粉末;
所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基杂多酸铵盐;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌;
所述的增稠剂为乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯;
用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将1kg硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1h;(b)以10℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧50min;(c)以5℃/min的升温速率升温到1100℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为10-76nm;
S2、复合光催化剂的负载:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土,机械混合2h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在500℃下进行煅烧3h,即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的硅藻土;
S3、将负载的复合光催化剂的硅藻土、膨润土、纯丙乳液、淀粉醚加入到搅拌机中,室温下以26rpm的速度搅拌40min,加入轻质碳酸钙和羟乙基纤维素,搅拌均匀后,加入分散剂、增稠剂和去离子水,在35℃下,以32rpm的速度搅拌2h,降温至15℃,加入表面活性剂和水性硅油,以21rpm的速度搅拌2h,过滤后即得到硅藻泥涂料。
实施例2
一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土15%、膨润土6%、纯丙乳液20%、轻质碳酸钙15%、羟乙基纤维素8%、复合光催化剂8%、淀粉醚6%、水性硅油1%、表面活性剂0.5%、分散剂1%、增稠剂1%、余量为去离子水;
所述的复合光催化剂为Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂,Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂的制备方法同实施例1;
所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基杂多酸铵盐;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌;
所述的增稠剂为乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯;
用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将1kg硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1.5h;(b)以15℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧40min;(c)以7℃/min的升温速率升温到1100℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧30min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为7-80nm;
S2、复合光催化剂的负载:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土,机械混合3.5h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在600℃下进行煅烧3h,即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的硅藻土;
S3、将负载的复合光催化剂的硅藻土、膨润土、纯丙乳液、淀粉醚加入到搅拌机中,室温下以30rpm的速度搅拌60min,加入轻质碳酸钙和羟乙基纤维素,搅拌均匀后,加入分散剂、增稠剂和去离子水,在40℃下,以36rpm的速度搅拌2h,降温至10℃,加入表面活性剂和水性硅油,以21rpm的速度搅拌2h,过滤后即得到硅藻泥涂料。
实施例3
一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土5%、膨润土5%、纯丙乳液25%、轻质碳酸钙20%、羟乙基纤维素7%、复合光催化剂7%、淀粉醚8%、水性硅油2%、表面活性剂0.5%、分散剂1.5%、增稠剂0.3%、余量为去离子水;
所述的复合光催化剂为Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂,Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂的制备方法同实施例1;
所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基杂多酸铵盐;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌;
所述的增稠剂为乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯;
用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将1kg硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡2h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1.2h;(b)以12℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧50min;(c)以6℃/min的升温速率升温到1100℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧25min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为7-80nm;
S2、复合光催化剂的负载:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土,机械混合3h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在550℃下进行煅烧4h,即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的硅藻土;
S3、将负载的复合光催化剂的硅藻土、膨润土、纯丙乳液、淀粉醚加入到搅拌机中,室温下以30rpm的速度搅拌50min,加入轻质碳酸钙和羟乙基纤维素,搅拌均匀后,加入分散剂、增稠剂和去离子水,在36℃下,以35rpm的速度搅拌2h,降温至12℃,加入表面活性剂和水性硅油,以22rpm的速度搅拌2.5h,过滤后即得到硅藻泥涂料。
对比实施例1
不将复合光催化剂负载到硅藻土上;
一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,各原料的重量百分比同实施例3;
所述的复合光催化剂为Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂,Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂的制备方法同实施例1;
所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基杂多酸铵盐;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌;
所述的增稠剂为乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯;
用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将1kg硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡2h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1.2h;(b)以12℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧50min;(c)以6℃/min的升温速率升温到1100℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧25min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为7-80nm;
S2、将复合光催化剂、活化的硅藻土、膨润土、纯丙乳液、淀粉醚加入到搅拌机中,室温下以30rpm的速度搅拌50min,加入轻质碳酸钙和羟乙基纤维素,搅拌均匀后,加入分散剂、增稠剂和去离子水,在36℃下,以35rpm的速度搅拌2h,降温至12℃,加入表面活性剂和水性硅油,以22rpm的速度搅拌2.5h,过滤后即得到硅藻泥涂料。
对比实施例2
光催化剂选用BiNbO4;其余同实施例3。
对比实施例3
不添加光催化剂;
一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土5%、膨润土5%、纯丙乳液25%、轻质碳酸钙20%、羟乙基纤维素7%、淀粉醚8%、水性硅油2%、表面活性剂0.5%、分散剂1.5%、增稠剂0.3%、余量为去离子水;
所述的复合光催化剂为Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂,Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂的制备方法同实施例1;
所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基杂多酸铵盐;
所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌;
所述的增稠剂为乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯;
用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将1kg硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡2h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1.2h;(b)以12℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧50min;(c)以6℃/min的升温速率升温到1100℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧25min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为7-80nm;
S3、将活化的硅藻土、膨润土、纯丙乳液、淀粉醚加入到搅拌机中,室温下以30rpm的速度搅拌50min,加入轻质碳酸钙和羟乙基纤维素,搅拌均匀后,加入分散剂、增稠剂和去离子水,在36℃下,以35rpm的速度搅拌2h,降温至12℃,加入表面活性剂和水性硅油,以22rpm的速度搅拌2.5h,过滤后即得到硅藻泥涂料。
对本实施例1-3和对比实施例1-3得到的硅藻泥涂料加水调节成均匀的膏状体,按JC/T2177-2013《硅藻泥装饰壁材》行业标准测试,结果如表一所示:
表一、硅藻泥涂料的性能检测结果
从表一中可知,实施例1-3制备的硅藻泥涂料甲醛净化性能优良且具有良好的甲醛降解持久性,而对比实施例1不将复合光催化剂负载到硅藻土上,制得的硅藻泥涂料除去甲醛的性能虽合格但不及实施例1-3;对比实施例2光催化剂选用BiNbO4没有Ru掺杂,制得的硅藻泥涂料除去甲醛的性能虽合格但不及实施例1-3;对比实施例3更是没有添加光催化剂,制得的硅藻泥涂料甲醛净化持久性不达标。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明的构思所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的构思或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,其特征在于:各原料的重量百分比为:硅藻土5-15%、膨润土3-6%、纯丙乳液15-20%、轻质碳酸钙15-25%、羟乙基纤维素4-8%、复合光催化剂5-8%、淀粉醚6-9%、水性硅油1-3%、表面活性剂0.5-2%、分散剂1-3%、增稠剂0.3-1%、余量为去离子水;
所述的复合光催化剂为Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂,Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂的制备方法为:
(1)将硝酸铋溶解在50-65%浓硝酸中,边搅拌边加水稀释至5-7mol/L,搅拌均匀后得到硝酸铋酸溶液;
(2)将铌酸钾溶解在5-7mol/L氢氧化钾溶液中,搅拌均匀后得到铌酸钾溶液;
(3)边搅拌硝酸铋酸溶液将铌酸钾溶液滴入其中,滴加完毕后,搅拌15-20min;
(4)将硝酸钌加入到步骤(3)的混合溶液中,搅拌溶解完全,加入稀硝酸或者稀氢氧化钾溶液调节溶液pH为中性,继续搅拌20-30min;
(5)将步骤(4)的混合溶液转移到有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢水热釜中密封反应,反应结束后,取出反应釜,冷却至室温,除去上层清液,离心,洗涤、干燥后得到了Ru-BiNbO4光催化剂粉末;
所述的硝酸铋、铌酸钾和硝酸钌的摩尔比为1:1.1-1.3:0.01-0.014;
步骤(5)所述的密封反应条件为在178-182℃下反应5-7h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,其特征在于:所述的表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基杂多酸铵盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,其特征在于:所述的分散剂为硬脂酸锌。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,其特征在于:所述的增稠剂为乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料,其特征在于:用于室内装饰的硅藻泥涂料的制备方法为:
S1、硅藻土的活化:将硅藻土加入到球磨机中研磨粉碎,采用10%的硝酸浸泡2-5h,过滤,洗涤至中性,烘干,接着放入马弗炉进行梯度煅烧,具体的煅烧步骤为:(a)在300℃下进行煅烧1-1.5h;(b)以10-15℃/min的升温速率升温到800℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧40-60min;(c)以5-7℃/min的升温速率升温到1100℃,并在该温度下保温煅烧20-30min,煅烧结束后,自然冷却至室温,研磨过筛即得到了活化的硅藻土,活化硅藻土的粒径为10-76nm;
S2、复合光催化剂的负载:将复合光催化剂和去离子水加入到球磨机中混合均匀,加入步骤S1制备的活化的硅藻土,机械混合2-3.5h,使得复合光催化剂充分吸附到硅藻土的层格间,蒸发除去水,放入马弗炉中在500-600℃下进行煅烧3-5h,即得到了复合光催化剂固定负载的硅藻土;
S3、将负载的复合光催化剂的硅藻土、膨润土、纯丙乳液、淀粉醚加入到搅拌机中,室温下以26-30rpm的速度搅拌40-60min,加入轻质碳酸钙和羟乙基纤维素,搅拌均匀后,加入分散剂、增稠剂和去离子水,在35-40℃下,以32-36rpm的速度搅拌2h,降温至10-15℃,加入表面活性剂和水性硅油,以21-25rpm的速度搅拌2-3h,过滤后即得到硅藻泥涂料。
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