CN109020606B - Can slowly-release jardiniere that contains fertilizer of EM fungus - Google Patents
Can slowly-release jardiniere that contains fertilizer of EM fungus Download PDFInfo
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- CN109020606B CN109020606B CN201811197949.XA CN201811197949A CN109020606B CN 109020606 B CN109020606 B CN 109020606B CN 201811197949 A CN201811197949 A CN 201811197949A CN 109020606 B CN109020606 B CN 109020606B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
- C04B38/067—Macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/028—Multi-compartmented pots
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/16—Lean materials, e.g. grog, quartz
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
- C04B2235/3218—Aluminium (oxy)hydroxides, e.g. boehmite, gibbsite, alumina sol
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
Abstract
The application provides a ceramic flowerpot capable of slowly releasing a fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria, which comprises three parts, namely an outer blocking layer, an inner space layer and cross-linked fertilizer particles filled in the inner space layer; the fertilizer and the EM bacteria suitable for growth of flowers and plants are loaded in the pot wall of the flowerpot, the fertilizer is slowly released into soil in the flowerpot for a long time, the process of applying the fertilizer when the flowers and plants are planted is omitted, and meanwhile the EM bacteria can better promote the growth of the flowers and plants. In actual production, the total fertilizer amount and the EM bacteria content in the flowerpot and the leaching speed of the fertilizer and the EM bacteria can be designed according to the daily average fertilizer amount required by different types of flowers and plants. When the fertilizer and EM bacteria in the flowerpot are released, the flowerpot can be continuously used as a common flowerpot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a ceramic flowerpot capable of slowly releasing a fertilizer containing EM (effective microorganisms).
Background
EM (Effective Microorganisms) is composed of about 80 kinds of Microorganisms, and the EM was successfully studied by professor bijia phf of Youki university, Japan, in 1982 and put on the market in 80 years. The EM is a microbial preparation which is compounded by 10 microorganisms which are more than 80 and mainly comprise photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes. The action mechanism is to form competition of the EM bacteria and the pathogenic microorganisms for nutrition, and the EM bacteria are easy to survive and reproduce in the soil, so the EM bacteria can quickly and stably occupy the ecological status in the soil, and form a dominant community of beneficial microorganisms, thereby controlling the reproduction of the pathogenic microorganisms and the attack on crops. Is the development direction of ecological agriculture, and is more beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture.
On the premise that the EM has such a plurality of functions, the substrate for culturing the EM, the combination of the EM, the form of the EM microbial inoculum product and the like have very important meanings for the effect and the use of the product. The rapid growth of modern industry and population leads to the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and medicines, so that soil, water and the like are continuously deteriorated, and the use of EM bacterial manure can effectively improve the quality of land and water, greatly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and medicines and improve the planting and breeding benefits.
At present, flowerpots on the market are made of different materials, but have monotonous functions and only have the function of bearing soil and flowers and plants. It is known that fertilization is also required during the flower growing process. Although people develop various slow release fertilizers capable of reducing the fertilization times, the procedures of digging soil, mixing fertilizers, watering and the like are still required in the fertilization process, and the fast pace of life of the modern society cannot be adapted. People urgently need a multifunctional flowerpot which can reduce the operation times and time to the maximum extent.
The existing slow release fertilizer is prepared by coating a layer of molten sulfur on the outside of urea, and the improvement method is to continuously coat a layer of a composition of hydrocarbon wax and polymer; or mixing fertilizers with absorbent materials such as super absorbent resin, attapulgite powder and the like; or grafting functionalized cellulose materials on the surface of the fertilizer to reduce the water solubility of the fertilizer; and so on. However, these methods have various disadvantages such as environmental pollution caused by coating a polymer film, short release time by using an adsorbent material, and high amount of a crosslinking agent such as cellulose introduced when using a crosslinking material, resulting in increased cost and decreased fertilizer utilization.
Disclosure of Invention
To the above-mentioned problem that prior art exists, the application provides a jardiniere that contains EM fungus's fertilizer of slowly-releasing. The fertilizer and the EM bacteria suitable for growth of flowers and plants are loaded in the pot wall of the flowerpot, the fertilizer is slowly released into soil in the flowerpot for a long time, the process of applying the fertilizer when the flowers and plants are planted is omitted, and meanwhile the EM bacteria can better promote the growth of the flowers and plants.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a ceramic flowerpot capable of slowly releasing a fertilizer containing EM bacteria, wherein the EM bacteria comprise the following strains in percentage by weight:
b, bacillus subtilis: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
B, bacillus licheniformis: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
Photosynthetic bacteria: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
Enterococcus faecalis: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
Lactobacillus acidophilus: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g。
The ceramic flowerpot comprises three parts, namely an outer blocking layer, an inner space layer and cross-linked fertilizer granules filled in the inner space layer and containing EM bacteria; the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing EM (effective microorganisms) powder: talcum powder is used as a carrier, and bacterial powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, enterococcus faecalis and lactobacillus acidophilus is added to prepare the required content to obtain EM bacterial powder;
(2) preparing external barrier layer slurry: respectively grinding calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potassium feldspar, sieving the ground calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potassium feldspar by a sieve of 200-230 meshes, mixing, adding polystyrene balls, a surfactant, a binder and water, uniformly mixing, ageing for 15-20 hours, and then uniformly stirring and mixing again to obtain outer barrier layer slurry;
(3) preparing inner space layer slurry: respectively grinding the flaky kaolin, the quartz sand, the potassium feldspar, the diatomite and the aluminum hydroxide micro powder, sieving the ground materials by a sieve of 80-120 meshes, mixing the ground materials, adding polystyrene balls, a surfactant, a binder and water, uniformly mixing the materials, ageing the mixture for 15-20 hours, and then uniformly stirring and mixing the materials again to obtain inner space layer slurry;
(4) injecting the outer layer slurry into a flowerpot mould with a required shape, and pressurizing for 2-3 Mpa for molding to obtain an ectoderm; continuously injecting inner space layer slurry into the inner wall of the ectoderm, pressurizing by 3-4 Mpa for molding to obtain endoderm, and tightly combining the ectoderm and the endoderm;
(5) drying and sintering, wherein the sintering process comprises the following steps: firstly heating to 280-320 ℃, and keeping for 30-40 minutes; then heating to 1250-1300 ℃, and keeping for 2-3 hours; then naturally cooling;
(6) grinding fertilizers of the types required by flowers and plants, sieving the ground fertilizers with a 200-230-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the fertilizers with the EM bacterial powder obtained in the step (1), bisphenol A epoxy acrylic resin, a photoinitiator and a diluent, smearing the mixture on the wall of the sintered inner space layer, pressurizing at 20-30 ℃ for 2-3 Mpa, keeping the pressure for 20-40 minutes to enable the mixture to permeate into the inner space layer, and then curing under ultraviolet light.
The dosage of the raw materials required by each step is as follows:
(1) the outer barrier layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
calcined kaolin: 40-50 parts;
quartz sand: 10-15 parts;
potassium feldspar: 15-20 parts of a solvent;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 60-80 nm: 10-15 parts;
surfactant (b): 2-5 parts;
adhesive: 3-5 parts;
water: 20-30 parts of a solvent;
(2) the inner space layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
platy kaolin: 35-45 parts of a solvent;
quartz sand: 10-15 parts;
potassium feldspar: 15-20 parts of a solvent;
diatomite: 5-10 parts;
aluminum hydroxide micropowder: 3-5 parts;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 50-100 microns: 10-15 parts;
surfactant (b): 2-5 parts;
adhesive: 3-5 parts;
water: 20-30 parts of a solvent;
(3) the cross-linked fertilizer granule containing EM bacteria comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
EM bacterial powder: 3-6 parts;
fertilizers of the types required by flowers and plants: 70-80 parts;
bisphenol a epoxy acrylic resin: 12-15 parts;
photoinitiator (2): 2-4 parts;
diluent agent: 3-5 parts.
Preferably, the surfactant is one of oleic acid, stearic acid and sodium stearate.
Preferably, the binder is methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
The fertilizer of the type required by the flowers and the plants comprises but is not limited to nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, compound fertilizer, fertilizer containing trace elements and organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the fertilizer of the required kind for flowers and plants includes but is not limited to ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, urea-formaldehyde-nitrogen, slow-release potassium phosphate salt, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the photoinitiator is Chivacure1176 or Irgacure 754; the diluent is epoxypropane butyl ether or glycidyl ether epoxy diluent.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the outer barrier layer of the flowerpot has the function of preventing EM bacteria and fertilizer from being released to the outside of the flowerpot, and meanwhile, the flowerpot is slightly thicker than the common flowerpot, so that the outer barrier layer is required to have certain air permeability and water permeability, so that the roots of flowers and plants can obtain sufficient gas, and root rot can be prevented. The outer barrier of the present invention thus has micropores that are permeable to air and moisture.
The traditional ceramic has compact surface and poor air permeability after being sintered, and in order to improve the air permeability after being sintered, the invention adopts calcined kaolin as a main material. The calcined kaolin refers to kaolin calcined at 900-950 ℃, the calcined kaolin has improved reaction activity and enhanced dispersibility, so that the raw materials can be mixed more uniformly, and the problems of agglomeration of slurry of the outer barrier layer due to too small pore diameter of a pore-forming agent, collapse in the sintering process, non-uniform air permeability after porcelain formation and the like are avoided. Meanwhile, the particle size of the raw material of the outer barrier layer is larger, the sintered ceramic surface is rough, a certain water hanging performance is achieved, and the problem that water flow is gathered and flows down after moisture permeation is avoided.
The inner space layer of the invention is used for loading EM bacteria and fertilizer, and the more the holes and the larger the volume of the inner space layer are, the more EM bacteria and fertilizer can be loaded. The kieselguhr which can generate gaps in the sintering process is added into the inner space layer, the aluminum hydroxide micropowder is used, the larger volume contraction is realized during sintering, and the obtained volume of the EM bacteria and the fertilizer stored in the inner space layer is larger.
The decomposition temperature of the polystyrene spheres is about 300 ℃, and the polystyrene spheres stay for a certain time in the temperature interval in the sintering process, so that the hollow sphere shape after loss of ignition can be fixed. When the subsequent temperature is increased to melt, flow and recrystallize the ceramic raw material, although part of the burnt spheres is occupied by the molten ceramic raw material, a certain volume can be preserved. The size of micropores on the ceramic wall of the finally obtained outer barrier layer is 20-50 nm, so that ventilation and moisture removal are facilitated; the size of the holes in the inner space layer is 20-80 microns, so that fertilizer can be stored conveniently.
The EM bacteria and the fertilizer are bonded by ultraviolet light for curing, so that the activity of the EM bacteria is prevented from being damaged. And (3) after the mixture of the EM bacteria, the fertilizer and the curing glue permeates into the inner space layer, the EM bacteria and the fertilizer particles which take the epoxy acrylic resin glue as a framework and take the holes of the inner space layer as the outer wall are obtained. The release speed of the EM bacteria and the fertilizer can be controlled by controlling the use amount of the EM bacteria, the fertilizer and the curing glue; the EM bacteria and the fertilizer are replaced by different types, so that the method is suitable for planting various flowers and plants; the conditions which can be flexibly changed enable the flowerpot to have strong practicability and wide application range.
In actual production, the total amount of the fertilizer in the flowerpot and the leaching speed of the EM bacteria and the fertilizer can be designed according to the daily average EM bacteria and fertilizer amount required by different types of flowers and plants. In the preparation process, the quality of EM bacteria and fertilizers of the types needed by flowers and plants is improved, the quality of the curing glue is reduced, and the release speed of the EM bacteria and the fertilizers can be increased; the quality of EM bacteria and fertilizer of the species required by flowers and plants is reduced, the quality of the curing glue is improved, and the release speed of the EM bacteria and the fertilizer can be increased. The rule is that the larger the amount of the curing adhesive is, the slower the release is. After the EM bacteria and the fertilizer in the flowerpot are released, the flowerpot can be continuously used as a common flowerpot.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The starting materials used in the examples are all commercial products.
Example 1: the ceramic flowerpot capable of slowly releasing the nitrogen fertilizer is suitable for planting pachysolen such as pachysolen macrocarpa, happy trees, scindapsus aureus, scirpus bambusoides, abelmoschus manihot, prunus salicina and the like.
The EM bacteria used in the embodiment consist of the following strains in content:
b, bacillus subtilis: 1*1011cfu/g；
B, bacillus licheniformis: 1*1011cfu/g；
Photosynthetic bacteria: 1*1011cfu/g；
Enterococcus faecalis: 1*1011cfu/g；
Lactobacillus acidophilus: 1*1011cfu/g。
The preparation process of the ceramic flowerpot of the embodiment is as follows:
(1) preparing EM (effective microorganisms) powder: talcum powder is used as a carrier, and bacterial powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, enterococcus faecalis and lactobacillus acidophilus is added to prepare the required content to obtain EM bacterial powder;
(2) preparing external barrier layer slurry: respectively grinding calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potash feldspar, sieving the ground calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potash feldspar by a 230-mesh sieve, mixing, adding polystyrene balls, a surfactant, a binder and water, uniformly mixing, ageing for 20 hours, and then uniformly mixing by stirring again to obtain outer barrier layer slurry;
(3) preparing inner space layer slurry: respectively grinding the flaky kaolin, the quartz sand, the potassium feldspar, the diatomite and the aluminum hydroxide micro powder, sieving the ground materials by a 120-mesh sieve, mixing the ground materials, adding the polystyrene balls, the surfactant, the binder and the water, uniformly mixing the materials, ageing the mixture for 20 hours, and then uniformly stirring and mixing the materials again to obtain inner space layer slurry;
(4) injecting the outer layer slurry into a flowerpot mould with a required shape, and pressurizing to 2Mpa for molding to obtain an ectoderm; continuously injecting inner space layer slurry into the inner wall of the ectoderm, pressurizing by 3Mpa for molding to obtain endoderm, and tightly combining the ectoderm and the endoderm;
(5) drying and sintering, wherein the sintering process comprises the following steps: firstly heating to 280 ℃ and keeping for 40 minutes; then raising the temperature to 1250 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 3 hours; then naturally cooling;
(6) grinding fertilizers of the types required by flowers and plants, sieving the ground fertilizers with a 230-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the fertilizers with the EM bacterial powder obtained in the step (1), bisphenol A epoxy acrylic resin, a photoinitiator and a diluent, smearing the mixture on the wall of the sintered inner space layer, pressurizing at 25 ℃ for 2Mpa, keeping the pressure for 40 minutes to enable the mixture to permeate into the inner space layer, and then curing for 2 minutes under 365nm ultraviolet light.
The dosage of the raw materials required by each step is as follows:
(1) outer barrier layer:
calcined kaolin: 40 kg;
quartz sand: 10 kg;
potassium feldspar: 15 kg;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 60 nm: 10 kg;
surfactant stearic acid: 2 kg;
binder methylcellulose: 3 kg;
water: 20 kg;
(2) inner space layer:
platy kaolin: 35 kg;
quartz sand: 10 kg;
potassium feldspar: 15 kg;
diatomite: 5 kg;
aluminum hydroxide micropowder: 3 kg;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 50 microns: 10 kg;
surfactant oleic acid: 2 kg;
binder methylcellulose: 3 kg;
water: 20 kg;
(3) cross-linked fertilizer granules containing EM bacteria:
preparing EM bacterial powder obtained in the step (1): 6 kg;
urea: 70 kg;
bisphenol a epoxy acrylic resin: 12 kg;
photoinitiator Chivacure 1176: 2 kg;
diluent propylene oxide butyl ether: 3 kg.
Example 2: the ceramic flowerpot capable of slowly releasing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is suitable for planting flowering plants such as bougainvillea spectabilis, crabapple, jasmine, Chinese rose, gardenia, geranium, white palm, anthurium, hippeastrum roseum, jonquil, zygocactus scholaris and the like.
The EM bacteria used in the embodiment consist of the following strains in content:
b, bacillus subtilis: 5*1011cfu/g；
B, bacillus licheniformis: 5*1011cfu/g；
Photosynthetic bacteria: 5*1011cfu/g；
Enterococcus faecalis: 5*1011cfu/g；
Lactobacillus acidophilus:5*1011cfu/g。
the preparation process of the ceramic flowerpot of the embodiment is as follows:
(1) preparing EM (effective microorganisms) powder: talcum powder is used as a carrier, and bacterial powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, enterococcus faecalis and lactobacillus acidophilus is added to prepare the required content to obtain EM bacterial powder;
(2) preparing external barrier layer slurry: respectively grinding calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potash feldspar, sieving the ground calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potash feldspar by a 200-mesh sieve, mixing, adding polystyrene balls, a surfactant, a binder and water, uniformly mixing, ageing for 15 hours, and then uniformly mixing by stirring again to obtain outer barrier layer slurry;
(3) preparing inner space layer slurry: respectively grinding the flaky kaolin, the quartz sand, the potassium feldspar, the diatomite and the aluminum hydroxide micro powder, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, mixing, adding the polystyrene balls, the surfactant, the binder and the water, uniformly mixing, ageing for 15 hours, and then uniformly stirring and mixing again to obtain inner space layer slurry;
(4) injecting the outer layer slurry into a flowerpot mould with a required shape, and pressurizing by 3Mpa for molding to obtain an ectoderm; continuously injecting inner space layer slurry into the inner wall of the ectoderm, pressurizing by 4Mpa for molding to obtain endoderm, and tightly combining the ectoderm and the endoderm;
(5) drying and sintering, wherein the sintering process comprises the following steps: firstly heating to 320 ℃, and keeping for 30 minutes; then heating to 1300 ℃, and keeping for 2 hours; then naturally cooling;
(6) grinding fertilizers of the types required by flowers and plants, sieving the ground fertilizers with a 200-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the fertilizers with the EM bacterial powder obtained in the step (1), the bisphenol A epoxy acrylic resin, the photoinitiator and the diluent, smearing the mixture on the wall of the sintered inner space layer, pressurizing at 25 ℃ for 3Mpa, keeping the pressure for 20 minutes to enable the mixture to permeate into the inner space layer, and then curing for 2 minutes under 365nm ultraviolet light.
The dosage of the raw materials required by each step is as follows:
(1) outer barrier layer:
calcined kaolin: 50 kg;
quartz sand: 15 kg;
potassium feldspar: 20 kg;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 80 nm: 15 kg;
surfactant sodium stearate: 5 kg;
binder hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: 5 kg;
water: 30 kg;
(2) inner space layer:
platy kaolin: 45 kg;
quartz sand: 15 kg;
potassium feldspar: 20 kg;
diatomite: 10 kg;
aluminum hydroxide micropowder: 5 kg;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 100 microns: 15 kg;
surfactant sodium stearate: 5 kg;
binder methylcellulose: 5 kg;
water: 30 kg;
(3) cross-linked fertilizer granules containing EM bacteria:
preparing EM bacterial powder obtained in the step (1): 3 kg;
nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer: 80 kg;
bisphenol a epoxy acrylic resin: 15 kg;
photoinitiator Irgacure 754: 4 kg;
glycidyl ether epoxy diluent: 5 kg.
Detection example: the flowerpot prepared in example 1 and example 2 was subjected to dissolution experiments, and the specific method was to fill the flowerpot with water at 25 ℃, since the EM bacteria are fermented after being dissolved in water, the number of strains in the flowerpot water is increased, and the dissolution rate of the EM bacteria cannot be accurately measured, so that the mass concentration of the dissolved fertilizer can only be measured at regular intervals.
The results were calculated according to the formula of fertilizer leaching mass in water and fertilizer concentration in pot volume and are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the leaching quality of the fertilizer in the pot varies linearly with time. The example 1 leached out about 0.135g per day, calculated as the 90 day leaching mass divided by the 90 day period, and released 5 years with an original fertilizer mass of about 250g in its sample of the potter. Example 2 about 0.137g was leached out daily, which was released for 3 years according to the original fertilizer mass of about 200g in the sample of its potter.
Claims (6)
1. The ceramic flowerpot capable of slowly releasing the fertilizer containing the EM bacteria is characterized in that the EM bacteria consist of the following strains in content:
b, bacillus subtilis: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
B, bacillus licheniformis: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
Photosynthetic bacteria: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
Enterococcus faecalis: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
Lactobacillus acidophilus: 1 to 5 x 1011cfu/g；
The ceramic flowerpot comprises three parts, namely an outer blocking layer, an inner space layer and cross-linked fertilizer granules filled in the inner space layer and containing EM bacteria; the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing EM (effective microorganisms) powder: talcum powder is used as a carrier, and bacterial powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, enterococcus faecalis and lactobacillus acidophilus is added to prepare the required content to obtain EM bacterial powder;
(2) preparing external barrier layer slurry: respectively grinding calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potassium feldspar, sieving the ground calcined kaolin, quartz sand and potassium feldspar by a sieve of 200-230 meshes, mixing, adding polystyrene balls, a surfactant, a binder and water, uniformly mixing, ageing for 15-20 hours, and then uniformly stirring and mixing again to obtain outer barrier layer slurry;
(3) preparing inner space layer slurry: respectively grinding the flaky kaolin, the quartz sand, the potassium feldspar, the diatomite and the aluminum hydroxide micro powder, sieving the ground materials by a sieve of 80-120 meshes, mixing the ground materials, adding polystyrene balls, a surfactant, a binder and water, uniformly mixing the materials, ageing the mixture for 15-20 hours, and then uniformly stirring and mixing the materials again to obtain inner space layer slurry;
(4) injecting the outer layer slurry into a flowerpot mould with a required shape, and pressurizing for 2-3 MPa for forming to obtain an ectoderm; continuously injecting inner space layer slurry into the inner wall of the ectoderm, pressurizing for 3-4 MPa and forming to obtain an endoderm, and tightly combining the ectoderm and the endoderm;
(5) drying and sintering, wherein the sintering process comprises the following steps: firstly heating to 280-320 ℃, and keeping for 30-40 minutes; then heating to 1250-1300 ℃, and keeping for 2-3 hours; then naturally cooling;
(6) grinding fertilizers of the types required by flowers and plants, sieving the ground fertilizers with a 200-230-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the fertilizers with the EM bacterial powder obtained in the step (1), bisphenol A epoxy acrylic resin, a photoinitiator and a diluent, smearing the mixture on the wall of the sintered inner space layer, pressurizing at 20-30 ℃ for 2-3 MPa, keeping the pressure for 20-40 minutes to enable the mixture to permeate into the inner space layer, and then curing under ultraviolet light;
the dosage of the raw materials required by each step is as follows:
(1) the outer barrier layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
calcined kaolin: 40-50 parts;
quartz sand: 10-15 parts;
potassium feldspar: 15-20 parts of a solvent;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 60-80 nm: 10-15 parts;
surfactant (b): 2-5 parts;
adhesive: 3-5 parts;
water: 20-30 parts of a solvent;
(2) the inner space layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
platy kaolin: 35-45 parts of a solvent;
quartz sand: 10-15 parts;
potassium feldspar: 15-20 parts of a solvent;
diatomite: 5-10 parts;
aluminum hydroxide micropowder: 3-5 parts;
polystyrene spheres with a diameter of 50-100 microns: 10-15 parts;
surfactant (b): 2-5 parts;
adhesive: 3-5 parts;
water: 20-30 parts of a solvent;
(3) the cross-linked fertilizer granule containing EM bacteria comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
EM bacterial powder: 3-6 parts;
fertilizers of the types required by flowers and plants: 70-80 parts;
bisphenol a epoxy acrylic resin: 12-15 parts;
photoinitiator (2): 2-4 parts;
diluent agent: 3-5 parts.
2. A potter according to claim 1, characterised in that the surfactant is one of oleic acid, stearic acid, sodium stearate.
3. A potter according to claim 1, characterised in that the binder is methyl cellulose or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
4. A ceramic flowerpot according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer of the kind required by the flowers and plants comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, compound fertilizer, fertilizer containing trace elements, organic fertilizer.
5. The flowerpot according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the fertilizer of the species required by the flowers and plants comprises ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, urea-formaldehyde-nitrogen, slow-release potassium phosphate salt, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
6. A potter according to claim 1 characterised in that the photoinitiator is Chivacure1176 or Irgacure 754; the diluent is epoxypropane butyl ether or glycidyl ether epoxy diluent.
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| JP2002160962A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-06-04 | 昭彦 ▲高▼橋 | Paste material, hardened matter and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN101390479A (en) * | 2007-09-22 | 2009-03-25 | 王是学 | Controlled release fertilizer flowerpot and production method thereof |
| CN101785411A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-07-28 | 高申甫 | Double-wall flowerpot |
| CN106187086A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 泉州理工职业学院 | A kind of boron mud flowerpot of slow-release nutrient element |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002160962A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-06-04 | 昭彦 ▲高▼橋 | Paste material, hardened matter and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN101390479A (en) * | 2007-09-22 | 2009-03-25 | 王是学 | Controlled release fertilizer flowerpot and production method thereof |
| CN101785411A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-07-28 | 高申甫 | Double-wall flowerpot |
| CN106187086A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 泉州理工职业学院 | A kind of boron mud flowerpot of slow-release nutrient element |
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