CN109010511A - 一种防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于兽药制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,并进一步公开其制备方法。本发明所述防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,以龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪为原料,以上诸味原料药按照中医药理论配伍组合,各原料组分充分发挥其君臣佐使之间的配合,针对影响家禽肝健康的影响因素,发挥标本兼治的作用,不仅组方合理,制备简单,且各中药组分无污染、无毒副作用、无药残、无耐药性,成本低,取材广,生物利用度高。临床应用证明,对促进家禽肝健康有特效,并且使其产品达到无公害要求,满足产品的出口标准,有效保证了人们的身体健康,疗效非常显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,并进一步公开其制备方法。
背景技术
肝脏是动物体内最大的腺体和代谢器官,参与机体代谢、合成、分泌、生物转化和免疫等多种生理过程,也是机体代谢多种药物、清除肠道异物,吞噬并排除病毒、细菌及其毒素的重要场所。防治家禽肝损伤受到损害与多种因素有关,主要与疾病感染、饲料霉变、水质污染、药物毒副作用等因素有关,这种情况一年四季均可发生,从而影响家禽的采食量,产蛋量及生长速度,严重者会导致家禽死亡,是影响畜禽业健康发展的主要因素之一,给养禽业造成巨大的经济损失。
尤其是,随着我国家禽养殖主体已进入集约化规模化养殖模式阶段,在养殖过程中不得不添加使用一些药物以防治家禽的消化道、呼吸道疾病,且诸多养殖户受疫病危害程度和养殖利益驱使还存在用药不规范和超剂量盲目用药等问题。为此,在家禽养殖周期中,肝脏往往承担着巨大的药物代谢负担,极易造成家禽的药物性肝损伤。因此,在家禽肝损伤中,药物诱发的肝损伤占据着主要的地位,对家禽的成活率造成极大的影响。
目前,用于防治家禽肝损伤最常用的是中药和西药,西医主要以添加抗菌药、维生素、微量元素等为主,一方面效果多数不是很理想,而且西药中抗菌药由于其毒副作用强和药物残留等问题,使应用受到很大限制;而传统中药多由于其组方不合理或只是简单的粉碎生产,导致粒径过大,药物释放较慢,使得其生物利用度较低,并影响其效果并不理想。
因此,研发一种用于防治家禽肝损伤的无毒副作用、无药物残留的特效药物是该领域科研技术人员急待解决的新课题之一。
发明内容
为此,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,并进一步公开其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所述的一种防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,所述药物组合物的原料药组成包括:龙胆15-65重量份、茵陈10-30重量份、栀子15-45重量份、柴胡10-20重量份、甘草15-35重量份、枸杞15-35重量份、黄芪15-35重量份。
优选的,所述的防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,所述药物组合物的原料药组成包括:龙胆40重量份、茵陈20重量份、栀子30重量份、柴胡15重量份、甘草25重量份、枸杞25重量份、黄芪25重量份。
本发明还公开了所述的药物组合物用于制备防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的用途。
本发明还公开了由所述的药物组合物添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制得的用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂。
所述制剂包括片剂、散剂、胶囊剂、合剂。
本发明还公开了一种制备所述的用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)分别取龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪进行粉碎,备用;
(2)取选定量的所述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪混合,加水浸泡并进行煎煮;
(3)收集煎煮液,经减压浓缩至相对密度1.05,并添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制得临床上可接受的用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂。
所述步骤(2)中,所述水的加入量为所述各药材原料总量的6-10重量倍量。
所述步骤(2)中,所述浸泡步骤为60℃-80℃浸泡3-5h。
所述步骤(2)中,所述煎煮步骤的时间为20-40min。
所述步骤(3)中,还包括固液分离收集药渣的步骤,并将所述药渣加水进行二次煎煮,收集滤液并与所述煎煮液合并。
本发明所述防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,以龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪为原料,其中,
甘草,味甘、性平,归肺、心、脾经,具有补脾益气、祛痰止咳、和中缓急、解毒、调和诸药、缓解药物毒性、烈性之4功效,主治脾胃虚弱、咳喘、中毒等症;
龙胆,味苦、性寒,归胆、肝、膀胱经,具有清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋的功能,主治肝胆实火、清肝胆湿热等症;
枸杞,味甘、性平,归肾、肝经,具有补益肝肾、益精明目的功能,主治肝肾阴虚、腰肢无力、迎风流泪、滑精等症;
茵陈,味苦、性微寒,归肝经,具有清热凉血、活血散瘀的功能,主治肠热下血、目赤肿痛、疮疡痈肿、跌打损伤等症;
栀子,味苦、性寒,归肺、心、三焦经,具有泻火解毒,清热利尿,凉血的功能,主治三焦热盛、湿热黄疸、热淋、口舌生疮、目赤肿痛等症;
柴胡,味苦、性微寒,归肝、胆经,具有发表和里、升阳、舒肝的功能,主治感冒发热、寒热往来、脾虚久泻、子宫垂脱、脱肛等症;
黄芪,味甘、性温,归肺、脾经,具有补气固表、托毒排脓、安胎的功能,主治肾虚腰痛、腰肢无力、风湿痹痛、胎动不安等症;
以上诸味原料药按照中医药理论配伍组合,各原料组分充分发挥其君臣佐使之间的配合,针对影响家禽肝健康的影响因素,发挥标本兼治的作用,不仅组方合理,制备简单,且各中药组分无污染、无毒副作用、无药残、无耐药性,成本低,取材广,生物利用度高。临床应用证明,对促进家禽肝健康有特效,并且使其产品达到无公害要求,满足产品的出口标准,有效保证了人们的身体健康,疗效非常显著。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,其原料药组成包括:龙胆150g、茵陈100g、栀子150g、柴胡100g、甘草150g、枸杞150g、黄芪150g。
本实施例所述防治家禽肝损伤的兽药,按照如下步骤制备:
(1)分别取上述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪进行粉碎,并过80目筛,备用;
(2)按照上述选定的量,取所述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪混合;并加入占所述药材总量8重量倍量的水,于60℃-80℃进行温浸4小时,随后进行煎煮30分钟,过滤,并收集煎煮液;
(3)将步骤(2)过滤所得滤渣再加入占滤渣重量4重量倍量的水进行二次煎煮30分钟,过滤并收集滤液,将所得滤液与上述煎煮液合并,按照常规工艺减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05,灌封,灭菌,即得。
实施例2
本实施例所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,其原料药组成包括:龙胆400g、茵陈200g、栀子300g、柴胡150g、甘草250g、枸杞250g、黄芪250g。
本实施例所述防治家禽肝损伤的兽药,按照如下步骤制备:
(1)分别取上述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪进行粉碎,并过80目筛,备用;
(2)按照上述选定的量,取所述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪混合;并加入占所述药材总量8重量倍量的水,于60℃-80℃进行温浸4小时,随后进行煎煮30分钟,过滤,并收集煎煮液;
(3)将步骤(2)过滤所得滤渣再加入占滤渣重量4重量倍量的水进行二次煎煮30分钟,过滤并收集滤液,将所得滤液与上述煎煮液合并,按照常规工艺减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05,灌封,灭菌,即得。
实施例3
本实施例所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,其原料药组成包括:龙胆650g、茵陈300g、栀子450g、柴胡200g、甘草350g、枸杞350g、黄芪350g。
本实施例所述防治家禽肝损伤的兽药,按照如下步骤制备:
(1)分别取上述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪进行粉碎,并过80目筛,备用;
(2)按照上述选定的量,取所述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪混合;并加入占所述药材总量8重量倍量的水,于60℃-80℃进行温浸4小时,随后进行煎煮30分钟,过滤,并收集煎煮液;
(3)将步骤(2)过滤所得滤渣再加入占滤渣重量4重量倍量的水进行二次煎煮30分钟,过滤并收集滤液,将所得滤液与上述煎煮液合并,按照常规工艺减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05,灌封,灭菌,即得。
实施例4
本实施例所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,其原料药组成包括:龙胆150g、茵陈300g、栀子150g、柴胡200g、甘草150g、枸杞350g、黄芪150g。
本实施例所述防治家禽肝损伤的兽药,按照如下步骤制备:
(1)分别取上述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪进行粉碎,并过80目筛,备用;
(2)按照上述选定的量,取所述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪混合;并加入占所述药材总量8重量倍量的水,于60℃-80℃进行温浸4小时,随后进行煎煮30分钟,过滤,并收集煎煮液;
(3)将步骤(2)过滤所得滤渣再加入占滤渣重量4重量倍量的水进行二次煎煮30分钟,过滤并收集滤液,将所得滤液与上述煎煮液合并,按照常规工艺减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05,添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制成临床上可接受的片剂,即得。
实施例5
本实施例所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,其原料药组成包括:龙胆650g、茵陈100g、栀子450g、柴胡100g、甘草350g、枸杞150g、黄芪350g。
本实施例所述防治家禽肝损伤的兽药,按照如下步骤制备:
(1)分别取上述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪进行粉碎,并过80目筛,备用;
(2)按照上述选定的量,取所述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪混合;并加入占所述药材总量8重量倍量的水,于60℃-80℃进行温浸4小时,随后进行煎煮30分钟,过滤,并收集煎煮液;
(3)将步骤(2)过滤所得滤渣再加入占滤渣重量4重量倍量的水进行二次煎煮30分钟,过滤并收集滤液,将所得滤液与上述煎煮液合并,按照常规工艺减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05,添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制成临床上可接受的散剂,即得。
实验例
1、临床试验
临床实验动物选用20-25日龄、体重在1.0kg-1.2kg的鸡进行试验。经实验室血液生化检测,鉴定为肝损伤的病鸡90只,正常鸡为30只。将实验鸡90只隔离单独饲养,饲喂全价饲料,并将90只肝损伤的病鸡随机分为3组,分别为患病空白对照组、对照组“独活寄生散”和本发明实施例2组合物组,每组30只。上述4组实验鸡饲养环境完全相同,实验时间共进行10天;其中,健康空白对照组和患病空白对照组不做任何处理,药物对照组用所对照药物“独活寄生散”(详见《中华人民共和国兽药典》2000版二部第394页)按其说明书使用治疗;本发明组合物组可将本发明产品(本发明实施例2所制得的组合物)喂食,用法用量为:本品按每100毫升饮水50kg,每日2-3次,口服后通过胃肠道吸收达到保肝的目的。试验结束后,每组随机抽取10只鸡,静脉采血10ml,分离血清,用于血液生化指标测定。
判定指标标准包括:
谷草转氨酶(AST),是转氨酶中比较重要的一种,它是医学临床上肝功能检查的指标,用来判断肝脏是否受到损害;谷草转氨酶主要存在于肝细胞线粒体内,当肝脏发生严重坏死或破坏时,才能引起谷草转氨酶的显著升高;
谷丙转氨酶(ALT),主要存在于肝脏、心脏和骨骼肌中,肝细胞或某些组织损伤或坏死,都会使血液中的谷丙转氨酶升高,其升高的程度与肝细胞受损的程度相一致,因此是目前最常用的肝功能指标;
肌酐(creatinine,Cre),是肌肉在体内代谢的产物,肌酐主要由肾小球滤过排出体外,临床上检测血肌酐是常用的了解肾功能的主要方法之一,血清肌酐的浓度变化主要由肾小球的滤过能力(肾小球滤过率)来决定;通常滤过能力下降,则肌酐浓度升高,血肌酐值高出正常值多数意味肾脏受损,血肌酐能较准确的反应肾实质受损的情况;
血清白蛋白(ALB),合成于肝脏,是脊椎动物血浆中含量最丰富的蛋白质,它在维持血液胶体渗透压、体内代谢物质运输、营养等方面均起着很重要的作用,肝脏疾患时常常检测血清白蛋白含量来协助诊断;
尿素氮(BUN),是肾功能主要指标之一,所以尿素氮的变化对非蛋白氮数值的影响较大,临床上常选用尿素氮的检测来代替非蛋白氮的测定,尿素氮是机体蛋白质代谢的主要终末产物,通常肾脏为排泄尿素的主要器官,尿素从肾小球滤过后在各段小管均可重吸收,在肾功能受损害时,血尿素氮的浓度才迅速升高。
上述各指标的检测结果见下表1所示。
表1本发明组合物组与其他药物对鸡的血液生化指标检测结果
编号 | 组别 | AST(u/l) | ALT(u/l) | ALB(g/l) | Cre(umol/l) | BUN(mmol/l) |
Ⅰ | 患病空白对照组 | 122.13±1.51 | 118.60±1.57 | 22.30±1.61 | 156.51±1.63 | 11.52±1.56 |
Ⅱ | 健康空白对照组 | 71.27±1.28 | 67.60±1.18 | 42.93±1.12 | 92.62±1.09 | 4.92±1.26 |
Ⅲ | 独活寄生散组 | 78.50±1.66 | 76.51±1.62 | 38.45±1.32 | 98.35±1.35 | 5.25±1.62 |
Ⅳ | 实施例3组 | 71.57±1.58 | 67.50±1.68 | 48.65±1.16 | 88.50±1.16 | 4.95±1.16 |
根据上述实验结果,经统计分析,本发明组合物组与健康空白对照组相比,各项指标均接近正常指标;与独活寄生散组相比,在AST、ALT方面差异显著(P<0.05),在ALB、Cre方面差异极显著(P<0.01),在BUN方面低于独活寄生散组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明本发明组合物组有显著的保肝作用,且各方面指标优于独活寄生散组,接近鸡的正常血液生化指标。
2、安全性试验
选取20日龄健康鸡30头,依照本发明实施例2所制组合物推荐剂量的5倍拌料饲喂10天,用药期间,仔鸡没有发现任何不良或异常行为表现,采食饮水正常。可见,本发明所述药物组合物用药安全。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的原料药组成包括:龙胆15-65重量份、茵陈10-30重量份、栀子15-45重量份、柴胡10-20重量份、甘草15-35重量份、枸杞15-35重量份、黄芪15-35重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治家禽肝损伤的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的原料药组成包括:龙胆40重量份、茵陈20重量份、栀子30重量份、柴胡15重量份、甘草25重量份、枸杞25重量份、黄芪25重量份。
3.权利要求1或2所述的药物组合物用于制备防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的用途。
4.由权利要求1或2所述的药物组合物添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制得的用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂包括片剂、散剂、胶囊剂、合剂。
6.一种制备权利要求4或5所述的用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)分别取龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪进行粉碎,备用;
(2)取选定量的所述龙胆、茵陈、栀子、柴胡、甘草、枸杞、黄芪混合,加水浸泡并进行煎煮;
(3)收集煎煮液,经减压浓缩至相对密度1.05,并添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制得临床上可接受的用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述水的加入量为所述各药材原料总量的6-10重量倍量。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的制备所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述浸泡步骤为60℃-80℃浸泡3-5h。
9.根据权利要求6-8任一项所述的制备所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中,所述煎煮步骤的时间为20-40min。
10.根据权利要求6-9任一项所述的制备所述用于防治家禽肝损伤的兽药制剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中,还包括固液分离收集药渣的步骤,并将所述药渣加水进行二次煎煮,收集滤液并与所述煎煮液合并。
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CN1078902A (zh) * | 1993-05-03 | 1993-12-01 | 周玉 | 治疗乙型肝炎中药 |
CN101549044A (zh) * | 2009-04-29 | 2009-10-07 | 王沿江 | 愈肝丸及加工方法 |
CN103100060A (zh) * | 2013-02-18 | 2013-05-15 | 李承平 | 一组芩胆清火药片 |
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CN1078902A (zh) * | 1993-05-03 | 1993-12-01 | 周玉 | 治疗乙型肝炎中药 |
CN101549044A (zh) * | 2009-04-29 | 2009-10-07 | 王沿江 | 愈肝丸及加工方法 |
CN103100060A (zh) * | 2013-02-18 | 2013-05-15 | 李承平 | 一组芩胆清火药片 |
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