CN109003838A - 一种纳米微球电极及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明申请属于电极材料制备技术领域,具体公开了一种纳米微球电极及其制备方法,(1)将水和N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺按体积比为0.8~1.2:1混合均匀,再加入Co(NO3)2,用250‑300r/min磁力搅拌;(2)向上述混合溶液中继续添加硝酸镍并溶解,硝酸镍:硝酸钴=1:2,继续添加EDTA,搅拌28‑32min;(3)将上述混合液转移至高压反应釜中,冷却并清洗过滤,在55‑60℃的干燥箱中干燥24h;(4)将步骤(3)中的样品采用480‑530℃煅烧4‑5h;(5)将上述样品与炭黑、聚偏氟乙烯按8:1:1的比例混合研磨,将浆液涂抹至泡沫镍上,在50‑60℃真空干燥11‑12h,用镍丝将泡沫镍缠绕、锻压,即得到纳米微球电极。本发明主要用于制备纳米微球电极,解决了纳米微球电极能量密度较低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电极材料制备技术领域,具体公开了一种纳米微球电极及其制备方法。
背景技术
超级电容器的电极材料主要有金属氢氧化物、碳材料、导电聚合物、氧化物等,而双金属氧化物因为具有多重价态能提供多种氧化还原反应成为研究热点。
超级电容器电极材料的比容量和大电流放电能力是由活性材料的利用率以及电子和离子的传输速度决定的。作为一种高效的电容器,大比面积和高电子导电率及多孔性非常关键。高的电解液离子传输速率和丰富的电化学活性位点可增强离子与电极材料表面的接触,提高法拉第反应速率。制备纳米分层结构的,具有高空隙率和高比表面积的钴酸镍电极材料成为必须。现有技术制备的纳米微球电极会出现以下问题:(1)电子传输不畅而导致导电性能不佳;(2)电极比表面积不够大,导致能量密度较低;(3)使用无机物材料做电极可以循环利用,若使用碳纳米管或石墨烯做电极不易回收利用和重复利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种纳米微球电极及其制备方法,以解决纳米微球电极能量密度较低的问题。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的基础方案1为:一种纳米微球电极及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在250-300r/min磁力搅拌下,将水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按体积比为1.0~1.1:1混合均匀,再加入Co(NO3)2,加入Co(NO3)2物质的量为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺物质的量的0.003~0.0035倍;
(2)向上述混合溶液中继续添加硝酸镍并溶解,硝酸镍:硝酸钴=3:1,继续添加EDTA,加入EDTA的质量是硝酸镍物质的量的0.07~0.08倍,搅拌28-32min;
(3)将步骤(2)混合液转移至高压反应釜中,在0.5~1MPa压力下,在180~195℃反应18.5~19.5h,冷却并清洗过滤,在55~60℃的干燥箱中干燥23-30h得到样品;
(4)将步骤(3)中的样品采用480-530℃煅烧5~6h;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的样品与炭黑、聚偏氟乙烯按8:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2的比例混合研磨成浆状,用高挥发性小分子有机溶剂清洗泡沫镍,将浆液涂抹至泡沫镍上,在50-60℃温度下真空干燥11-15h,用镍丝将泡沫镍缠绕、锻压,即得到纳米微球电极。
本基础方案1的有益效果在于:制备的纳米微球电极具有优越的电化学性能,电流密度为1A·g-1时,比容量可达380F·g-1以上,并且充放电循环2000次测试后时仍具有较高的电容保持率和较高的能量密度。
进一步,步骤(1)中水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积分别为20ml。
进一步,步骤(5)中的低沸点溶剂为乙醇。乙醇价格低廉,制备成本低,乙醇的溶解性较好,便于除去杂质。
进一步,步骤(5)中的真空干燥的真空压力为-0.02MPa。-0.02MPa的压力真空干燥较其他干燥剂干燥效果好,成本低。
本发明还公开了如下基础方案2:采用权利要求1-4任一所述的一种纳米微球电极的制备方法得到的纳米微球电极。
基础方案2的有益效果在于:纳米微球电极具有优越的电化学性能,电流密度为1A·g-1时,比容量可达380F·g-1以上,并且充放电循环2000次测试后时仍具有较高的电容保持率和较高的能量密度。
与现有技术相比,本制备方法简单,反应温度温便于控制,所使用的无机物原材料可重复利用、成本小,产生的废液废渣对环境污染较小,符合绿色化学理念,通过本方法制备的纳米微球电极具有较高的能量密度,具有优越的超电性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种纳米微球电极及其制备方法中纳米微球实施例一的扫描电镜图;
图2是图1中纳米微球电极的循环性能曲线图;
图3是图1中纳米微球电极的能量密度曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细说明:
下面以实施例一为例详细说明纳米微球电极及其制备方法,其他的实施例和对比例均在表1中体现,其他实施例和对比例在表1中未体现的部分与实施例1相同。
以下实施例中,所提及的水是蒸馏水,无水乙醇的纯度为99.5%。
实施例一
一种纳米微球电极制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)向100ml的烧杯中加入20mL的水和20mLml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合均匀,向烧杯中放入磁子,本实施例中水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积优选为20ml,再将3-6mmmolCo(NO3)2溶入其中,本实施例中Co(NO3)2物质的量优选为3mmol,用调整磁力搅拌器的转速,采用250r/min的转速进行搅拌;
(2)向上述混合溶液中继续添加1.5-3mmol的Ni(NO3)2·6H2O并溶解,本实施例中硝酸镍的物质的量优选为1.5mmol;添加40-80mg的EDTA,本实施例中EDTA的质量为40mg;搅拌30min;
(3)将步骤(2)中的混合液转移至高压反应釜中,在180℃反应18h,室温冷却后用去离子水清洗并过滤,将过滤得到的固体在60℃的干燥箱中干燥24h;
(4)将上述样品转移至坩埚中,在马弗炉中用500℃的温度煅烧5h;
(5)将上述样品与炭黑、聚偏氟乙烯按8:1:1的比例混合研磨成浆状,用低沸点溶剂清洗泡沫镍,将浆液涂抹至泡沫镍上,在60℃、-0.02MPa真空干燥箱中干燥12h,用镍丝将泡沫镍缠绕、锻压,即得到钴酸镍纳米微球电极。
表1
表2
如图1所示,发明人通过扫描电镜测得纳米微球电极的扫描电镜图,图2是纳米微球电极的循环性能测试曲线;图3是纳米微球电极的能量密度测试曲线图,通过测试图可以得出,当纳米微球电极电流密度为1A·g-1时,纳米微球电极制备的超级电容器的比容量可达380F·g-1。
使用20mL的水和20mLml的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,硝酸镍:硝酸钴=1:2,制备的纳米微球电极能表现出优越的电化学性能,成本是现有技术的60%,若规模化应用还会降低成本。
纳米微球在充放电循环2000次测试后时仍具有较高的电容保持率和较高的能量密度。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。
Claims (5)
1.一种纳米微球电极的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在250-300r/min磁力搅拌下,将水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺按体积比为1.0~1.1:1混合均匀,再加入Co(NO3)2,加入Co(NO3)2物质的量为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺物质的量的0.003~0.0035倍;
(2)向上述混合溶液中继续添加硝酸镍并溶解,硝酸镍:硝酸钴=3:1,继续添加EDTA,加入EDTA的质量是硝酸镍物质的量的0.07~0.08倍,搅拌28-32min;
(3)将步骤(2)混合液转移至高压反应釜中,在0.5~1MPa压力下,在180~195℃反应18.5~19.5h,冷却并清洗过滤,在55~60℃的干燥箱中干燥23-30h得到样品;
(4)将步骤(3)中的样品采用480-530℃煅烧5~6h;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的样品与炭黑、聚偏氟乙烯按8:0.8~1.2:0.8~1.2的比例混合研磨成浆状,用高挥发性小分子有机溶剂清洗泡沫镍,将浆液涂抹至泡沫镍上,在50-60℃温度下真空干燥11-15h,用镍丝将泡沫镍缠绕、锻压,即得到纳米微球电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米微球电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中水和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的体积为20ml。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米微球电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中的溶剂为无水乙醇或丙酮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米微球电极的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中的真空干燥的真空压力为-0.02MPa。
5.一种纳米微球电极,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-4任一所述的一种纳米微球电极的制备方法得到的纳米微球电极。
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