CN108999174B - Ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss and construction method - Google Patents
Ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108999174B CN108999174B CN201811105121.7A CN201811105121A CN108999174B CN 108999174 B CN108999174 B CN 108999174B CN 201811105121 A CN201811105121 A CN 201811105121A CN 108999174 B CN108999174 B CN 108999174B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss and a construction method thereof. The invention adopts a unique layered structure to solve the problems of water and soil loss, high construction cost, inconvenient transportation and the like caused by a rigid structure in the traditional embankment engineering, also provides a better solution for the difficulty of maintaining the landscape effect for a long time by a flexible structure, simultaneously designs a unique occlusion and hollow structure for the masonry of a fixed layer, combines the embedding of an ecological soil engineering bag, ensures the stability of the embankment structure, plays a role of preventing water and soil loss, provides a good growth carrier for plants, and recycles collected surface soil and stones, plant roots, stems and leaves, river sludge, poultry excrement, industrial residues and other wastes in various industries, thereby having better economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration and environmental protection, in particular to an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss and a construction method.
Background
At present, the main stream forms of the embankment engineering of the water retaining building built along the edges of rivers, channels, lakes, seasides or flood diversion areas and reclamation areas are two, one is rigid engineering, the original natural bank slope is replaced by materials such as concrete, masonry stone and the like, and the building materials such as concrete, masonry block stone and the like are widely used because the materials have good impact resistance, erosion resistance and durability, and meanwhile, for the artificial canal for water transportation, the roughness can be reduced, the water transportation efficiency is improved, and the permeation loss is reduced. Although the structure is safe and effective from the traditional engineering water conservancy perspective, the structure also destroys the original bank slope natural ecosystem and the corresponding functions thereof, causes serious water and soil loss of the peripheral earth surface, and simultaneously consumes a large amount of materials to cause higher engineering cost; the other is flexible engineering, mainly refers to landscape ecology type bank slopes, and the safety, the economy and the effectiveness of the engineering are considered when the bank slope reinforcement treatment scheme is determined, and meanwhile, the problems of human visual perception and ecological environment are also met. However, the natural structure usually has good effect in the initial stage of construction, the landscape effect cannot be stored for a long time due to long-term river water scouring, the influence of the natural environment is often received, the landscape effect is damaged, the ecological effect is difficult to maintain, a large amount of maintenance cost is consumed, and the labor cost and the material cost are increased. Therefore, how to coordinate rigid engineering and flexible engineering ensures that the river bank engineering can be firm and reliable, and the ecological environment can be kept to prevent water and soil loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss sequentially comprises a base layer, a waterproof layer, a lower hanging net layer, a reinforcing layer, a matrix layer, a covering layer, an upper hanging net layer and a vegetable layer from bottom to top, and the overall shape is stepped.
A construction method of an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss comprises the following steps:
(1) base layer: cutting or filling and modeling original terrains of the river bank needing ecological restoration into steps, cleaning and tamping soil surfaces, and collecting surface soil stones;
(2) waterproof layer: spraying continuous and compact quick-setting waterproof paint on the surface of the base layer in the step (1), wherein the single-layer spraying thickness is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the spraying is not performed at intervals once;
(3) lower net hanging layer: adopting a degradable geonet, wherein the side length of a mesh is 3-5 cm, paving the surface of the waterproof layer in the step (2), and the paving width is more than 40cm of the outer edge of the construction area;
(4) reinforcing layer: the method comprises reinforced grid building blocks and an ecological soil engineering bag, wherein the reinforced grid building blocks are laid above the lower net hanging layer in the step (3) in an occluded mode, the ecological soil engineering bag is placed inside the reinforced grid building blocks, and the vacant part is filled with the surface soil stones collected in the step (1);
(5) matrix layer: filling river sludge organic soil above the reinforcing layer in the step (4), wherein the filling thickness is 20-30 cm;
(6) covering layer: uniformly coating a soil antifouling and anti-invasion agent on the surface of the substrate layer in the step (5), wherein the coating thickness is 1-2 cm;
(7) and (3) hanging a net layer: paving the surface of the covering layer in the step (6) by adopting a degradable geonet and an equilateral triangle with the mesh side length of 5 cm-10 cm, wherein the paving width is more than 40cm of the outer edge of the construction area;
(8) a vegetation layer: perennial hydrophilic shrubs such as boston ivy, hippophae rhamnoides, bermuda grass, magnolia multiflora and the like are mainly selected.
Preferably, the lower hanging net layer in the step (3) and the upper hanging net layer in the step (7) are combined in a vertical crossing mode, the distance between the upper hanging net layer and the lower hanging net layer is 40cm, the upper hanging net layer and the lower hanging net layer are connected into a whole at the outer edge of a construction area, the reinforcing layer, the matrix layer and the covering layer are tightly wrapped, and the effects of preventing the matrix from being washed and integrally protecting are achieved.
Preferably, the reinforced grid building block in the step (4) comprises a revetment retaining block, a supporting block, a slope block and an anchoring piece (a), wherein the outer contour of the revetment retaining block is a cuboid masonry net cage, reinforcing ribs are arranged on a masonry keel frame part, a plurality of connecting holes are formed in four corners and four edges of a rectangle on the top surface, the supporting block is a cuboid with a hollow center and a square top view, the supporting block is in a four-side meshing design, the opposite side meshing directions of the square are in the same direction, the adjacent sides of the square are in the opposite direction, four connecting holes are formed in four corners of the square, the slope block is a wedge-shaped block, the structure is formed by casting in situ in order to ensure the integration of the revetment retaining block and the supporting block and the corner connection of the supporting block and the supporting block, and the anchoring piece (.
Preferably, the design height of the revetment retaining block and the supporting block is 20-30 cm, and the revetment retaining block is embedded into 2-3 layers below a riverbed, so that the stability of the integral structure of the revetment retaining block is guaranteed.
Preferably, the ecological geotextile bag in the step (4) is made of nonwoven geotextile, the material is polypropylene PP, the bursting strength of the bag body is 1650Kpa, the bag body is integrally placed in the hollow part of the retaining block of the revetment after being filled with river sand, cobblestones and broken stones, and the bag body is integrally placed in the hollow part of the retaining block after being filled with soil and broken stones.
Preferably, the preparation method of the river sludge organic soil in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing 10-20% of waste plant roots, stems and leaves, river sludge, livestock and poultry manure, industrial residue, tailing ceramsite and collected surface soil and stone according to the mass percentage: 20% -25%: 8% -12%: 9% -13%: 13% -20%: 20 to 30 percent of the mixture is evenly mixed to prepare a mixture;
B. and B, stacking the mixture piled in the step A on a platform to be constructed at the edge of the river channel, introducing a composting fermentation agent, keeping the water content of the mixture at 40% -50% and the temperature at 55-75 ℃, and performing composting fermentation twice by using a Gore film composting technology, wherein the composting time for the first time is 20-25 d, and the composting time for the second time is 15-20 d, so as to obtain the river channel sludge organic soil.
Preferably, the soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent in the step (6) is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 13 parts of yellow mud, 30 parts of diatomite, 30 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1 part of an anti-dissolving agent and 20 parts of grass carbon ash.
Preferably, the step (6) of preparing the soil anti-fouling and anti-erosion paint comprises the following steps:
a. washing and drying 13 parts of yellow mud and 30 parts of diatomite, adding 30 parts of corncobs and 20 parts of grass carbon ash, uniformly mixing, and grinding to prepare a powder mixture;
b. adding the powder mixture of the step a into distilled water to prepare mixture suspension;
c. adding 5 parts of citric acid into the suspension of the mixture obtained in the step b for acid washing purification, controlling the acid washing purification temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and reacting for 85-95 min to obtain an acid washing purified product;
d. and c, adding 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder and 1 part of anti-dissolving agent into the acid-washed purified product obtained in the step c, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent.
Preferably, the upper end of the net hanging layer in the step (7) is fixed with an anchor (b), and the design length of the anchor (b) ensures that the bottom end of the anchor (b) is inserted into the thickness of the substrate layer in the step (5) above 2/3.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a unique layered structure to solve the problems of water and soil loss, high construction cost, inconvenient transportation and the like caused by a rigid structure in the traditional bank engineering, also provides a better solution for the difficulty of maintaining the landscape effect for a long time by a flexible structure, simultaneously designs a unique occlusion and hollow structure for the brickwork of a fixed layer, combines the embedding of an ecological soil engineering bag, ensures the stability of the bank structure, plays a role of preventing water and soil loss, provides a good growth carrier for plants, and leads root systems to pass through the ecological soil engineering bag to grow downwards along with the continuous growth of the plants, so that the surface of a slope body can not be scoured by rivers and surface water flows, but also plays a role of fixing the slope and recovering an ecological system of a damaged slope body, in addition, the degradable soil engineering net is adopted to be completely degraded after 5 years, the secondary pollution can not be caused to the treated river bank, and the collected surface soil stones are recycled, and wastes of plant roots, stems and leaves, river sludge, livestock and poultry manure, industrial residues and the like in various industries have better economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological restoration system for preventing soil erosion and water loss according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a support block of the ecological restoration system for preventing soil erosion and water loss.
In the figure, 1-a base layer, 2-a waterproof layer, 3-a lower hanging net layer, 4-a reinforcing layer, 41-a reinforcing grid block, 411-a bank protection retaining block, 412-a supporting block, 413-a slope block, 414-an anchoring piece (a), 42-an ecological geobag, 5-a matrix layer, 6-a covering layer, 7-an upper hanging net layer, 71-an anchoring piece (b) and 8-a vegetation layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An ecological restoration system for preventing soil erosion and water loss sequentially comprises a base layer 1, a waterproof layer 2, a lower net hanging layer 3, a reinforcing layer 4, a matrix layer 5, a covering layer 6, an upper net hanging layer 7 and a vegetable layer 8 from bottom to top, and the overall shape is stepped.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a construction method of an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss, which comprises the following steps:
(1) base layer 1: cutting or filling and modeling original terrains of the river bank needing ecological restoration into steps, cleaning and tamping soil surfaces, and collecting surface soil stones;
(2) and (3) waterproof layer 2: spraying continuous and compact quick-setting waterproof paint on the surface of the base layer 1 in the step (1), wherein the single-layer spraying thickness is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the spraying is not performed at intervals once;
(3) lower net hanging layer 3: a degradable geonet is adopted, the side length of a mesh is 3 cm-5 cm, the surface of the waterproof layer 2 in the step (2) is paved, and the paving width is larger than 40cm of the outer edge of a construction area;
(4) reinforcing layer 4: the method comprises reinforced grid building blocks 41 and an ecological soil engineering bag 42, wherein the reinforced grid building blocks 41 are arranged above the lower net hanging layer 3 in the step (3) in an occluded mode, the ecological soil engineering bag 42 is placed inside the reinforced grid building blocks 41, and the vacant part is filled with surface soil and stones collected in the step (1);
(5) matrix layer 5: filling organic soil for river sludge above the reinforcing layer 4 in the step (4), wherein the filling thickness is 20-30 cm;
(6) and (6) a covering layer: uniformly coating a soil antifouling and anti-invasion agent on the surface of the substrate layer 5 in the step (5), wherein the coating thickness is 1-2 cm;
(7) and (3) hanging a net layer 7: paving the surface of the covering layer 6 in the step (6) by adopting a degradable geonet and an equilateral triangle with the mesh side length of 5 cm-10 cm, wherein the paving width is more than 40cm of the outer edge of the construction area;
(8) vegetation layer 8: perennial hydrophilic shrubs such as boston ivy, hippophae rhamnoides, bermuda grass, magnolia multiflora and the like are mainly selected.
And (3) combining the lower net hanging layer 3 in the step (3) and the 40 cm-thick upper net hanging layer 7 in the step (7) in a vertical crossing manner, connecting the upper net hanging layer and the lower net hanging layer into a whole at the outer edge of the construction area, tightly wrapping the reinforcing layer 4, the matrix layer 5 and the covering layer 6, and playing roles of preventing the matrix from being washed and integrally protecting.
The step (4) of reinforcing the grid block 41 comprises a revetment retaining block 411, a supporting block 412, a slope block 413 and an anchoring piece (a) 414, the outer contour of the shore protection retaining block 411 is a cuboid masonry net cage, the masonry keel frame part is provided with reinforcing ribs, four connecting holes are arranged at four corners of a rectangle on the top surface, the supporting block 412 is a cuboid with a hollow center and a square top view, and is designed with four sides engaged, wherein the occlusion directions of opposite sides of the square are the same direction, the occlusion directions of adjacent sides of the square are opposite, a plurality of connecting holes are arranged at four corners and four sides of the square, the inclined plane block 413 is a wedge-shaped block, and in the construction process, in order to ensure the integration of the corner joints between the revetment retaining block 411 and the supporting block 412 and between the supporting block 412 and the supporting block 412, and the structure is formed by casting in situ, and the design length of the anchoring piece (a) 414 is larger than the height of the required anchoring masonry.
The design height of the bank protection retaining block 411 and the supporting block 412 is 20-30 cm, the bank protection retaining block 411 is embedded into 2-3 layers below a river bed, and the stability of the whole structure of the bank protection retaining block 411 is guaranteed.
The ecological geotextile bag 42 in the step (4) is made of nonwoven geotextile, is made of polypropylene PP, has a bursting strength of 1650Kpa, is integrally placed in the hollow part of the bank protection retaining block 411 after being filled with river sand, cobblestones and broken stones, and is integrally placed in the hollow part of the supporting block 412 after being filled with soil and broken stones.
The preparation method of the river sludge organic soil in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing waste plant roots, stems and leaves, river sludge, livestock and poultry manure, industrial residue, tailing ceramsite and collected surface soil and stone according to the mass percentage of 10%: 25%: 12%: mixing 13%, 20% and 20% uniformly to obtain a mixture;
B. and B, stacking the mixture pile in the step A on a platform to be constructed at the edge of the river channel, introducing a composting fermentation agent, keeping the water content of the mixture at 40%, keeping the temperature at 55 ℃, and performing two times of composting fermentation by using a Gore film composting technology, wherein the first composting time is 20 days, and the second composting time is 15 days, so as to obtain the river channel sludge organic soil.
The soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent in the step (6) is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of yellow mud, 30 parts of diatomite, 30 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1 part of an anti-dissolving agent and 20 parts of grass carbon ash.
The preparation method of the soil antifouling and anti-erosion paint in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
a. washing and drying 13 parts of yellow mud and 30 parts of diatomite, adding 30 parts of corncobs and 20 parts of grass carbon ash, uniformly mixing, and grinding to prepare a powder mixture;
b. adding the powder mixture of the step a into distilled water to prepare mixture suspension;
c. adding 5 parts of citric acid into the suspension of the mixture obtained in the step b for acid washing purification, controlling the acid washing purification temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and reacting for 85-95 min to obtain an acid washing purified product;
d. and c, adding 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder and 1 part of anti-dissolving agent into the acid-washed purified product obtained in the step c, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent.
An anchoring piece (b) 71 is fixed at the upper end of the net hanging layer 7 in the step (7), and the designed length of the anchoring piece (b) 71 ensures that the bottom end of the anchoring piece (b) is inserted into the thickness of the substrate layer 5 in the step (5) to be more than 2/3.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a construction method of an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss, which comprises the following steps:
(1) base layer 1: cutting or filling and modeling original terrains of the river bank needing ecological restoration into steps, cleaning and tamping soil surfaces, and collecting surface soil stones;
(2) and (3) waterproof layer 2: spraying continuous and compact quick-setting waterproof paint on the surface of the base layer 1 in the step (1), wherein the single-layer spraying thickness is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the spraying is not performed at intervals once;
(3) lower net hanging layer 3: a degradable geonet is adopted, the side length of a mesh is 3 cm-5 cm, the surface of the waterproof layer 2 in the step (2) is paved, and the paving width is larger than 40cm of the outer edge of a construction area;
(4) reinforcing layer 4: the method comprises reinforced grid building blocks 41 and an ecological soil engineering bag 42, wherein the reinforced grid building blocks 41 are arranged above the lower net hanging layer 3 in the step (3) in an occluded mode, the ecological soil engineering bag 42 is placed inside the reinforced grid building blocks 41, and the vacant part is filled with surface soil and stones collected in the step (1);
(5) matrix layer 5: filling organic soil for river sludge above the reinforcing layer 4 in the step (4), wherein the filling thickness is 20-30 cm;
(6) and (6) a covering layer: uniformly coating a soil antifouling and anti-invasion agent on the surface of the substrate layer 5 in the step (5), wherein the coating thickness is 1-2 cm;
(7) and (3) hanging a net layer 7: paving the surface of the covering layer 6 in the step (6) by adopting a degradable geonet and an equilateral triangle with the mesh side length of 5 cm-10 cm, wherein the paving width is more than 40cm of the outer edge of the construction area;
(8) vegetation layer 8: perennial hydrophilic shrubs such as boston ivy, hippophae rhamnoides, bermuda grass, magnolia multiflora and the like are mainly selected.
And (3) combining the lower net hanging layer 3 in the step (3) and the 40 cm-thick upper net hanging layer 7 in the step (7) in a vertical crossing manner, connecting the upper net hanging layer and the lower net hanging layer into a whole at the outer edge of the construction area, tightly wrapping the reinforcing layer 4, the matrix layer 5 and the covering layer 6, and playing roles of preventing the matrix from being washed and integrally protecting.
The step (4) of reinforcing the grid block 41 comprises a revetment retaining block 411, a supporting block 412, a slope block 413 and an anchoring piece (a) 414, the outer contour of the shore protection retaining block 411 is a cuboid masonry net cage, the masonry keel frame part is provided with reinforcing ribs, four corners and four edges of a rectangle on the top surface are provided with a plurality of connecting holes, the supporting block 412 is a cuboid with a hollow center and a square top view, and is designed with four sides engaged, wherein the occlusion directions of opposite sides of the square are the same direction, the occlusion directions of adjacent sides of the square are opposite, four connecting holes are arranged at four corners of the square, the inclined plane block 413 is a wedge-shaped block, and in the construction process, in order to ensure the integration of the corner joints between the revetment retaining block 411 and the supporting block 412 and between the supporting block 412 and the supporting block 412, and the structure is formed by casting in situ, and the design length of the anchoring piece (a) 414 is larger than the height of the required anchoring masonry.
The design height of the bank protection retaining block 411 and the supporting block 412 is 20-30 cm, the bank protection retaining block 411 is embedded into 2-3 layers below a river bed, and the stability of the whole structure of the bank protection retaining block 411 is guaranteed.
The ecological geotextile bag 42 in the step (4) is made of nonwoven geotextile, is made of polypropylene PP, has a bursting strength of 1650Kpa, is integrally placed in the hollow part of the bank protection retaining block 411 after being filled with river sand, cobblestones and broken stones, and is integrally placed in the hollow part of the supporting block 412 after being filled with soil and broken stones.
The preparation method of the river sludge organic soil in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing waste plant roots, stems and leaves, river sludge, livestock and poultry manure, industrial residue, tailing ceramsite and collected surface soil and stone according to the mass percentage of 7%: 24%: 11%: 12%: 18%: mixing 28% uniformly to obtain a mixture;
B. and B, stacking the mixture pile in the step A on a platform to be constructed at the edge of the river channel, introducing a composting fermentation agent, keeping the water content of the mixture to be 45%, keeping the temperature to be 65 ℃, and performing two times of composting fermentation by using a Gore film composting technology for 23d of primary composting time and 17d of secondary composting time to obtain the river channel sludge organic soil.
The soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent in the step (6) is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of yellow mud, 30 parts of diatomite, 30 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1 part of an anti-dissolving agent and 20 parts of grass carbon ash.
The preparation method of the soil antifouling and anti-erosion paint in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
a. washing and drying 13 parts of yellow mud and 30 parts of diatomite, adding 30 parts of corncobs and 20 parts of grass carbon ash, uniformly mixing, and grinding to prepare a powder mixture;
b. adding the powder mixture of the step a into distilled water to prepare mixture suspension;
c. adding 5 parts of citric acid into the suspension of the mixture obtained in the step b for acid washing purification, controlling the acid washing purification temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and reacting for 85-95 min to obtain an acid washing purified product;
d. and c, adding 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder and 1 part of anti-dissolving agent into the acid-washed purified product obtained in the step c, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent.
An anchoring piece (b) 71 is fixed at the upper end of the net hanging layer 7 in the step (7), and the designed length of the anchoring piece (b) 71 ensures that the bottom end of the anchoring piece (b) is inserted into the thickness of the substrate layer 5 in the step (5) to be more than 2/3.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a construction method of an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss, which comprises the following steps:
(1) base layer 1: cutting or filling and modeling original terrains of the river bank needing ecological restoration into steps, cleaning and tamping soil surfaces, and collecting surface soil stones;
(2) and (3) waterproof layer 2: spraying continuous and compact quick-setting waterproof paint on the surface of the base layer 1 in the step (1), wherein the single-layer spraying thickness is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the spraying is not performed at intervals once;
(3) lower net hanging layer 3: a degradable geonet is adopted, the side length of a mesh is 3 cm-5 cm, the surface of the waterproof layer 2 in the step (2) is paved, and the paving width is larger than 40cm of the outer edge of a construction area;
(4) reinforcing layer 4: the method comprises reinforced grid building blocks 41 and an ecological soil engineering bag 42, wherein the reinforced grid building blocks 41 are arranged above the lower net hanging layer 3 in the step (3) in an occluded mode, the ecological soil engineering bag 42 is placed inside the reinforced grid building blocks 41, and the vacant part is filled with surface soil and stones collected in the step (1);
(5) matrix layer 5: filling organic soil for river sludge above the reinforcing layer 4 in the step (4), wherein the filling thickness is 20-30 cm;
(6) and (6) a covering layer: uniformly coating a soil antifouling and anti-invasion agent on the surface of the substrate layer 5 in the step (5), wherein the coating thickness is 1-2 cm;
(7) and (3) hanging a net layer 7: paving the surface of the covering layer 6 in the step (6) by adopting a degradable geonet and an equilateral triangle with the mesh side length of 5 cm-10 cm, wherein the paving width is more than 40cm of the outer edge of the construction area;
(8) vegetation layer 8: perennial hydrophilic shrubs such as boston ivy, hippophae rhamnoides, bermuda grass, magnolia multiflora and the like are mainly selected.
And (3) combining the lower net hanging layer 3 in the step (3) and the 40 cm-thick upper net hanging layer 7 in the step (7) in a vertical crossing manner, connecting the upper net hanging layer and the lower net hanging layer into a whole at the outer edge of the construction area, tightly wrapping the reinforcing layer 4, the matrix layer 5 and the covering layer 6, and playing roles of preventing the matrix from being washed and integrally protecting.
The step (4) of reinforcing the grid block 41 comprises a revetment retaining block 411, a supporting block 412, a slope block 413 and an anchoring piece (a) 414, the outer contour of the shore protection retaining block 411 is a cuboid masonry net cage, the masonry keel frame part is provided with reinforcing ribs, four corners and four edges of a rectangle on the top surface are provided with a plurality of connecting holes, the supporting block 412 is a cuboid with a hollow center and a square top view, and is designed with four sides engaged, wherein the occlusion directions of opposite sides of the square are the same direction, the occlusion directions of adjacent sides of the square are opposite, four connecting holes are arranged at four corners of the square, the inclined plane block 413 is a wedge-shaped block, and in the construction process, in order to ensure the integration of the corner joints between the revetment retaining block 411 and the supporting block 412 and between the supporting block 412 and the supporting block 412, and the structure is formed by casting in situ, and the design length of the anchoring piece (a) 414 is larger than the height of the required anchoring masonry.
The design height of the bank protection retaining block 411 and the supporting block 412 is 20-30 cm, the bank protection retaining block 411 is embedded into 2-3 layers below a river bed, and the stability of the whole structure of the bank protection retaining block 411 is guaranteed.
The ecological geotextile bag 42 in the step (4) is made of nonwoven geotextile, is made of polypropylene PP, has a bursting strength of 1650Kpa, is integrally placed in the hollow part of the bank protection retaining block 411 after being filled with river sand, cobblestones and broken stones, and is integrally placed in the hollow part of the supporting block 412 after being filled with soil and broken stones.
The preparation method of the river sludge organic soil in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
A. 20 percent of waste plant roots, stems and leaves, river sludge, livestock and poultry manure, industrial residue, tailing ceramsite and collected surface soil and stone according to mass percentage: 20%: 8%: 9%: 13%: mixing 30% uniformly to obtain a mixture;
B. and B, stacking the mixture pile in the step A on a platform to be constructed at the edge of the river channel, introducing a composting fermentation agent, keeping the water content of the mixture at 50%, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, and performing two times of composting fermentation by using a Gore film composting technology for 25d of first composting time and 20d of second composting time to obtain the river channel sludge organic soil.
The soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent in the step (6) is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of yellow mud, 30 parts of diatomite, 30 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1 part of an anti-dissolving agent and 20 parts of grass carbon ash.
The preparation method of the soil antifouling and anti-erosion paint in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
a. washing and drying 13 parts of yellow mud and 30 parts of diatomite, adding 30 parts of corncobs and 20 parts of grass carbon ash, uniformly mixing, and grinding to prepare a powder mixture;
b. adding the powder mixture of the step a into distilled water to prepare mixture suspension;
c. adding 5 parts of citric acid into the suspension of the mixture obtained in the step b for acid washing purification, controlling the acid washing purification temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and reacting for 85-95 min to obtain an acid washing purified product;
d. and c, adding 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder and 1 part of anti-dissolving agent into the acid-washed purified product obtained in the step c, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil antifouling and anti-erosion coating agent.
An anchoring piece (b) 71 is fixed at the upper end of the net hanging layer 7 in the step (7), and the designed length of the anchoring piece (b) 71 ensures that the bottom end of the anchoring piece (b) is inserted into the thickness of the substrate layer 5 in the step (5) to be more than 2/3.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss sequentially comprises a base layer, a waterproof layer, a lower hanging net layer, a reinforcing layer, a soil layer, a covering layer, an upper hanging net layer and a vegetable layer from bottom to top, and the overall shape is stepped;
the construction method of the ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss comprises the following steps:
(1) base layer: cutting or filling and modeling original terrains of the river bank needing ecological restoration into steps, cleaning and compacting the modeled soil surface, and collecting surface soil stones;
(2) waterproof layer: spraying continuous and compact quick-setting waterproof paint on the surface of the base layer in the step (1), wherein the single-layer spraying thickness is 1.5-2.5 mm, and the spraying is not performed at intervals once;
(3) lower net hanging layer: adopting a degradable geonet, wherein the side length of a mesh is 3-5 cm, paving the surface of the waterproof layer in the step (2), and the paving width is more than 40cm of the outer edge of the construction area;
(4) reinforcing layer: including consolidating net building block and ecological geotechnical bag, will consolidate the net building block interlock and lay in hang the net layer top under step (3), place ecological geotechnical bag inside consolidating the net building block again, the vacant part uses the surface soil stone of step (1) collection is filled, consolidate the net building block and include shore protection holding block, supporting shoe, bevel block, anchor assembly (a), shore protection holding block outline is cuboid brickwork cylinder mould, and brickwork keel frame part is equipped with the strengthening rib, and four corners of top surface rectangle set up four connecting holes, the supporting shoe is cuboid center fretwork, the top view is the square, all around interlock design, and wherein the opposite side interlock direction of square is the syntropy, and the adjacent side interlock direction of square is reverse, and four corners of square and four edges set up a plurality of connecting holes, the bevel block is the wedge, is at the work progress, in order to ensure the integration of the bank protection retaining block and the supporting block and the angle connection part of the supporting block and the supporting block, and a structure formed by cast-in-place, the design length of the anchoring piece (a) is greater than the height of the required anchoring masonry, the design heights of the bank protection retaining block and the supporting block are 20-30 cm, and the bank protection retaining block is embedded into 2-3 layers below a riverbed, so that the stability of the integral structure of the bank protection retaining block is ensured;
(5) matrix layer: filling river sludge organic soil above the reinforcing layer in the step (4), wherein the filling thickness is 20-30 cm;
(6) covering layer: uniformly coating a soil antifouling and anti-invasion agent on the surface of the substrate layer in the step (5), wherein the coating thickness is 1-2 cm;
(7) and (3) hanging a net layer: paving the surface of the covering layer in the step (6) by adopting a degradable geonet and an equilateral triangle with the mesh side length of 5 cm-10 cm, wherein the paving width is more than 40cm of the outer edge of the construction area;
(8) a vegetation layer: perennial hydrophilic shrubs are selected.
2. The method for constructing an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss according to claim 1, wherein the lower hanging net layer in the step (3) and the upper hanging net layer in the step (7) are combined in a crossed manner from top to bottom by 40cm from the outer edge, and the outer edges of the construction areas are connected into a whole to tightly wrap the reinforcing layer, the soil layer and the covering layer, so that the matrix is prevented from being washed away and integrally protected.
3. The method for constructing an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss according to claim 1, wherein the ecological geotextile bag of step (4) is made of nonwoven geotextile, the material is polypropylene PP, the bursting strength of the bag body is 1650Kpa, the ecological geotextile bag is integrally placed in the hollow part of the retaining block of the revetment after being filled with river sand, cobblestones and broken stones, and the ecological geotextile bag is integrally placed in the hollow part of the retaining block after being filled with soil and broken stones.
4. The method for constructing an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing river sludge organic soil in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
A. the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing 10-20% of waste plant roots, stems and leaves, river sludge, livestock and poultry manure, industrial residue, tailing ceramsite and collected surface soil and stone according to the mass percentage: 20% -25%: 8% -12%: 9% -13%: 13% -20%: 20 to 30 percent of the mixture is evenly mixed to prepare a mixture;
B. and B, stacking the mixture piled in the step A on a platform to be constructed at the edge of the river channel, introducing a composting fermentation agent, keeping the water content of the mixture at 40% -50% and the temperature at 55-75 ℃, and performing composting fermentation twice by using a Gore film composting technology, wherein the composting time for the first time is 20-25 d, and the composting time for the second time is 15-20 d, so as to obtain the river channel sludge organic soil.
5. The construction method of the ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss according to claim 1, wherein the soil antifouling and erosion resistant agent in the step (6) is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of yellow mud, 30 parts of diatomite, 30 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1 part of an anti-dissolving agent and 20 parts of grass carbon ash.
6. The construction method of the ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss according to claim 1, wherein the step (6) of preparing the soil anti-fouling and anti-invasion agent comprises the following steps:
a. washing and drying 13 parts of yellow mud and 30 parts of diatomite, adding 30 parts of corncobs and 20 parts of grass carbon ash, uniformly mixing, and grinding to prepare a powder mixture;
b. adding the powder mixture of the step a into distilled water to prepare mixture suspension;
c. adding 5 parts of citric acid into the suspension of the mixture obtained in the step b for acid washing purification, controlling the acid washing purification temperature to be 80-90 ℃, and reacting for 85-95 min to obtain an acid washing purified product;
d. and c, adding 3 parts of chitosan, 12 parts of mushroom bran, 5 parts of vermiculite powder and 1 part of anti-dissolving agent into the acid-washed purified product obtained in the step c, mixing and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil antifouling and anti-invasion agent.
7. The method for constructing an ecological restoration system for preventing water and soil loss according to claim 1, wherein an anchor (b) is fixed at the upper end of the net hanging layer in the step (7), and the designed length of the anchor (b) ensures that the bottom end of the anchor (b) is inserted into the thickness of the substrate layer in the step (5) above 2/3.
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| CN111213566A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-06-02 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | Loam-like soil additive and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113179836A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-30 | 江苏绿岩生态技术股份有限公司 | Coastline ecological management method |
| CN113550265B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-08-19 | 黑龙江省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | Construction method for willow-inserted ecological gabion revetment |
| CN114521441B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-01-24 | 内蒙古和润环境工程有限公司 | Method for repairing high and steep slope rock mass by utilizing RFP member and thick-layer base material spray-seeding combined process |
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