CN108998964A - 一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于风力发电用复合材料叶片制备技术领域,具体涉及一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法。本发明将混聚物溶于N‑N二甲基甲酰胺中得到共混纺丝原液,将其纺出预氧化丝,将预氧化丝烧结得到碳纤维预成型体,将预氧化丝缠绕于阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面,再将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,得到降噪防结冰风电叶片,本发明利用两种聚合物制备共混纺丝原液,在风电叶片吸音振动时,使声能转化为热能,从而提高风电叶片吸音降噪性能,石蜡油会在风电叶片高速摩擦时生热微熔,形成一层油膜,可以防水侵蚀,同时电气石粉可使金属不易被氧化夺去电子而被腐蚀,氯盐能够提高风电叶片的抗冻融性能,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于风力发电用复合材料叶片制备技术领域,具体涉及一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法。
背景技术
目前能源短缺成为世界性的难题,各个国家都在绿色环保能源的应用研究方面投入了大量的精力,其中风力发电作为一种清洁环保可再生能源在全球范围内得到迅猛的发展。风能是非常重要且储量巨大的安全、洁净能源,风力发电是风能利用的主要形式。
风力发电叶片是风力发电的核心技术,它直接影响风能的转换效率和发电量。目前风电叶片制造工艺主要有两种,一种是预浸料成型工艺,另一种是真空灌注成型工艺。前者不仅制备周期长、效率低,而且质量稳定性较差,此外还需要预浸机等专用设备,成本高,后者应用更为广泛。对风力发电机叶片要求:
(1)密度轻且具有最佳的疲劳强度和力学性能,能经受暴风等极端恶劣条件和随机负载的考验;
(2)叶片的材料必须保证表面光滑以减小风阻;
(3)不得产生强烈的电磁波干扰和光反射;
(4)不允许产生过大噪声;
(5)耐腐蚀、紫外线照射和雷击性能好;
(6)成本较低,维护费用最低等。
目前风机叶片材质大多为环氧玻璃钢和不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料。一般是通过环氧树脂灌注各个部件,然后粘接而成,通过在环氧树脂中加入增强纤维对风电叶片的强度进行提升,使用最多的增强纤维一般是玻璃纤维和碳纤维。风电叶片具有质量轻,成本较低的优点,但还存在一些不足:如强度不是很可靠,没有丝毫的韧性、耐候性差、发电效率低、抗磨损性不佳等。风力发电机组大多位于远离人烟的沙漠、山区、海岸及海上,环境恶劣,叶片需要承受各种强风沙、雨水、冰霜、紫外线辐射等自然因素的侵蚀,以及高速运转的磨蚀等。在湿冷环境下运行的风力发电机组,叶片表面因为雾、雨、雪的附着而出现结冰现象,对叶片表面结构、平衡和自重等造成影响,直接威胁到机组的安全和效率。目前还没有成熟的风力机叶片防除冰技术,对于风电叶片覆冰,一般采取停机处理,影响了电网系统的正常运行,限制了对风能的利用。
目前的风电叶片一般是通过环氧树脂灌注各个部件,然后粘接而成,通过在环氧树脂中加入增强纤维对风电叶片的强度进行提升,使用最多的增强纤维一般是玻璃纤维和碳纤维,但是这样的材料制备出来的风电叶片强度不是很可靠,没有丝毫的韧性。
因此,研究出一种能够解决上述问题的风力发电叶片具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题,针对目前风电叶片在高速运行时噪音过大,在湿冷环境下运行的风力发电机组,叶片表面因为雾、雨、雪的附着而出现结冰现象,对叶片表面结构、平衡和自重等造成恶劣影响,直接威胁到机组的安全和效率的缺陷,提供了一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合,得到混聚物,将混聚物分散于N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,用磁力搅拌器以200~250r/min的转速混合搅拌,直至混聚物完全溶解,得到高分子溶液;
(2)将上述高分子溶液置于烧杯中,将烧杯置于水浴锅中,加热升温,保温脱泡,得到共混纺丝原液,将共混纺丝原液倒入纺丝箱中,经喷丝板中喷出原丝,原丝由辊轮依次带入三个凝固浴槽,第一凝固浴槽中装有N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液,第二凝固浴槽中装有60~65℃的水,第三凝固浴槽中装有95~100℃的沸水,将凝固浴处理后的原丝卷绕收集得到预氧化丝;
(3)将预氧化丝塞入石墨模具中,再将石墨模具放入电阻炉中,向电阻炉充入氮气作为保护气体,程序升温,保温碳化,自然冷却至室温后脱模,得到碳纤维预成型体;
(4)将铝线放入真空蒸发镀膜机中,加热升温,将碳纤维预成型体放入真空室中,对碳纤维预成型体镀铝金属膜,得到镀铝膜碳纤维;
(5)按重量份数计,将400~500mL磷酸溶液、8~10g聚乙二醇、20~30g氯化镍混合得到电解液,将镀铝膜碳纤维作为阳极完全浸入电解液中,石墨棒作为阴极插入电解液中,直流电通电电解处理,得到阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维;
(6)按重量份数计,将28~30份多壁碳纳米管、16~18份电气石粉、10~12份铝酸钠、30~40份石蜡油混合,置于高速分散机中,高速分散18~20min,得到固化液,将预氧化丝绕阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面缠结4~6圈,将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,固化后得到降噪防结冰风电叶片材料。
步骤(1)所述的聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合质量比为5︰2,控制溶液中溶质质量含量为20~30%,溶解温度为50~60℃。
步骤(2)所述的加热升温后温度为65~70℃,保温脱泡时间为20~24h,N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液质量分数为45%。
步骤(3)所述的升温速率为5~10℃/min,升温后温度为1200~1400℃,保温碳化时间为50~60min。
步骤(4)所述的加热升温为600~750℃,控制所镀金属膜厚度为0.2~0.4mm。步骤(5)所述的磷酸溶液的质量分数为20%,通电电解直流电强度为30~50V,电解处理时间为40~50min。
步骤(6)所述的高速分散转速为3500~4500r/min,固化液涂覆厚度为5~10mm。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合得到混聚物,将混聚物溶于N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,得到高分子溶液,将高分子溶液加热升温,保温脱泡得到共混纺丝原液,将共混纺丝原液置于纺丝箱中,纺出原丝,原丝经过三个凝固浴槽处理,卷绕收集得到预氧化丝,将预氧化丝放入石墨模具中,氮气保护下在电阻炉中烧结,得到碳纤维预成型体,将碳纤维预成型体置于真空蒸发镀膜机中镀铝膜,得到镀铝膜碳纤维,配制酸性电解液,将镀铝膜碳纤维作为阳极,石墨棒作为阴极,对镀铝膜碳纤维阳极氧化处理得到阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维,将多壁碳纳米管、电气石粉、石蜡油和铝酸钠混合,经高速分散得到固化液,将预氧化丝缠绕于阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面,再将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,得到降噪防结冰风电叶片,本发明利用两种聚合物制备共混纺丝原液,由于两种共混聚合物的分子量以及性质的不同,使得在纺丝时纤维内部发生相分离,形成“海—岛”结构,其中连续相在经过预氧化、碳化等热处理之后,原本的分散相被烧蚀掉,从而在碳纤维中产生孔洞,形成气孔,使所制备的碳纤维预成型体具备一定的隔音吸音能力,烧蚀掉的分散相填充于碳纤维间空隙中,增强了碳纤维间的内摩擦阻力,在风电叶片吸音振动时,碳纤维间互相摩擦生热,使声能转化为热能,从而提高风电叶片吸音降噪性能;
(2)本发明中通过预氧化丝缠结碳纤维预成型体,增强了风电叶片在高速旋转时的抗力学疲劳性能,在碳纤维预成型体表面通过真空镀铝膜后阳极氧化形成致密的氧化铝薄膜,避免风电叶片与雾、雨、雪中盐形成原电池而产生电化学腐蚀,固化液在预氧化丝表面凝固后,其中的石蜡油会在风电叶片高速摩擦时生热微熔,形成一层油膜,可以防水侵蚀,同时电气石粉可释放负离子为风电叶片表面的铝膜提供电子,使金属不易被氧化夺去电子而被腐蚀,另外,固化液中铝酸钠与电气粉反应会产生微量的铝酸三钙,它能够与雾雨雪中的硫酸盐和氯盐反应生成AFt和Friedel盐,减少固化膜表层的孔隙,提高致密度,并且氯盐被固定后能够降低风电叶片表面的冰点,提高风电叶片的抗冻融性能,在风电叶片通过增强碳纤维间的内摩擦阻力达到消音降噪目的时,风电叶片会通过表面金属膜散热提高风电叶片表面温度,从而避免结冰,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯按质量比为5︰2混合,得到混聚物,将混聚物分散于N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,用磁力搅拌器以200~250r/min的转速混合搅拌,直至混聚物完全溶解,得到高分子溶液,控制溶液中溶质质量含量为20~30%,溶解温度为50~60℃;将上述高分子溶液置于烧杯中,将烧杯置于水浴锅中,加热升温至65~70℃,保温脱泡20~24h,得到共混纺丝原液,将共混纺丝原液倒入纺丝箱中,经喷丝板中喷出原丝,原丝由辊轮依次带入三个凝固浴槽,第一凝固浴槽中装有质量分数为45%N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液,第二凝固浴槽中装有60~65℃的水,第三凝固浴槽中装有95~100℃的沸水,将凝固浴处理后的原丝卷绕收集得到预氧化丝;将预氧化丝塞入石墨模具中,再将石墨模具放入电阻炉中,向电阻炉充入氮气作为保护气体,以5~10℃/min的升温速率程序升温至1200~1400℃,保温碳化50~60min,自然冷却至室温后脱模,得到碳纤维预成型体;将铝线放入真空蒸发镀膜机中,加热升温至600~750℃,将碳纤维预成型体放入真空室中,对碳纤维预成型体镀铝金属膜,控制所镀金属膜厚度为0.2~0.4mm,得到镀铝膜碳纤维;按重量份数计,将400~500mL质量分数为20%的磷酸溶液、8~10g聚乙二醇、20~30g氯化镍混合得到电解液,将镀铝膜碳纤维作为阳极完全浸入电解液中,石墨棒作为阴极插入电解液中,以30~50V的直流电通电电解处理40~50min,得到阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维;按重量份数计,将28~30份多壁碳纳米管、16~18份电气石粉、10~12份铝酸钠、30~40份石蜡油混合,置于高速分散机中,以3500~4500r/min的转速高速分散18~20min,得到固化液,将预氧化丝绕阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面缠结4~6圈,将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,涂覆厚度为5~10mm,固化后得到降噪防结冰风电叶片材料。
将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯按质量比为5︰2混合,得到混聚物,将混聚物分散于N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,用磁力搅拌器以200r/min的转速混合搅拌,直至混聚物完全溶解,得到高分子溶液,控制溶液中溶质质量含量为20%,溶解温度为50℃;将上述高分子溶液置于烧杯中,将烧杯置于水浴锅中,加热升温至65℃,保温脱泡20h,得到共混纺丝原液,将共混纺丝原液倒入纺丝箱中,经喷丝板中喷出原丝,原丝由辊轮依次带入三个凝固浴槽,第一凝固浴槽中装有质量分数为45%N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液,第二凝固浴槽中装有60℃的水,第三凝固浴槽中装有95℃的沸水,将凝固浴处理后的原丝卷绕收集得到预氧化丝;将预氧化丝塞入石墨模具中,再将石墨模具放入电阻炉中,向电阻炉充入氮气作为保护气体,以5℃/min的升温速率程序升温至1200℃,保温碳化50min,自然冷却至室温后脱模,得到碳纤维预成型体;将铝线放入真空蒸发镀膜机中,加热升温至600℃,将碳纤维预成型体放入真空室中,对碳纤维预成型体镀铝金属膜,控制所镀金属膜厚度为0.2mm,得到镀铝膜碳纤维;按重量份数计,将400mL质量分数为20%的磷酸溶液、8g聚乙二醇、20g氯化镍混合得到电解液,将镀铝膜碳纤维作为阳极完全浸入电解液中,石墨棒作为阴极插入电解液中,以30V的直流电通电电解处理40min,得到阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维;按重量份数计,将28份多壁碳纳米管、16份电气石粉、10份铝酸钠、30份石蜡油混合,置于高速分散机中,以3500r/min的转速高速分散18min,得到固化液,将预氧化丝绕阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面缠结4圈,将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,涂覆厚度为5mm,固化后得到降噪防结冰风电叶片材料。
将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯按质量比为5︰2混合,得到混聚物,将混聚物分散于N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,用磁力搅拌器以225r/min的转速混合搅拌,直至混聚物完全溶解,得到高分子溶液,控制溶液中溶质质量含量为25%,溶解温度为55℃;将上述高分子溶液置于烧杯中,将烧杯置于水浴锅中,加热升温至67℃,保温脱泡22h,得到共混纺丝原液,将共混纺丝原液倒入纺丝箱中,经喷丝板中喷出原丝,原丝由辊轮依次带入三个凝固浴槽,第一凝固浴槽中装有质量分数为45%N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液,第二凝固浴槽中装有63℃的水,第三凝固浴槽中装有97℃的沸水,将凝固浴处理后的原丝卷绕收集得到预氧化丝;将预氧化丝塞入石墨模具中,再将石墨模具放入电阻炉中,向电阻炉充入氮气作为保护气体,以7℃/min的升温速率程序升温至1300℃,保温碳化55min,自然冷却至室温后脱模,得到碳纤维预成型体;将铝线放入真空蒸发镀膜机中,加热升温至675℃,将碳纤维预成型体放入真空室中,对碳纤维预成型体镀铝金属膜,控制所镀金属膜厚度为0.3mm,得到镀铝膜碳纤维;按重量份数计,将450mL质量分数为20%的磷酸溶液、9g聚乙二醇、25g氯化镍混合得到电解液,将镀铝膜碳纤维作为阳极完全浸入电解液中,石墨棒作为阴极插入电解液中,以40V的直流电通电电解处理45min,得到阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维;按重量份数计,将29份多壁碳纳米管、17份电气石粉、11份铝酸钠、35份石蜡油混合,置于高速分散机中,以4000r/min的转速高速分散19min,得到固化液,将预氧化丝绕阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面缠结5圈,将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,涂覆厚度为8mm,固化后得到降噪防结冰风电叶片材料。
将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯按质量比为5︰2混合,得到混聚物,将混聚物分散于N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,用磁力搅拌器以250r/min的转速混合搅拌,直至混聚物完全溶解,得到高分子溶液,控制溶液中溶质质量含量为30%,溶解温度为60℃;将上述高分子溶液置于烧杯中,将烧杯置于水浴锅中,加热升温至70℃,保温脱泡24h,得到共混纺丝原液,将共混纺丝原液倒入纺丝箱中,经喷丝板中喷出原丝,原丝由辊轮依次带入三个凝固浴槽,第一凝固浴槽中装有质量分数为45%N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液,第二凝固浴槽中装有65℃的水,第三凝固浴槽中装有100℃的沸水,将凝固浴处理后的原丝卷绕收集得到预氧化丝;将预氧化丝塞入石墨模具中,再将石墨模具放入电阻炉中,向电阻炉充入氮气作为保护气体,以10℃/min的升温速率程序升温至1400℃,保温碳化60min,自然冷却至室温后脱模,得到碳纤维预成型体;将铝线放入真空蒸发镀膜机中,加热升温至750℃,将碳纤维预成型体放入真空室中,对碳纤维预成型体镀铝金属膜,控制所镀金属膜厚度为0.4mm,得到镀铝膜碳纤维;按重量份数计,将500mL质量分数为20%的磷酸溶液、10g聚乙二醇、30g氯化镍混合得到电解液,将镀铝膜碳纤维作为阳极完全浸入电解液中,石墨棒作为阴极插入电解液中,以50V的直流电通电电解处理50min,得到阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维;按重量份数计,将30份多壁碳纳米管、18份电气石粉、12份铝酸钠、40份石蜡油混合,置于高速分散机中,以4500r/min的转速高速分散20min,得到固化液,将预氧化丝绕阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面缠结6圈,将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,涂覆厚度为10mm,固化后得到降噪防结冰风电叶片材料。
对比例 以北京市某公司生产的风电叶片材料作为对比例 对本发明制得的降噪防结冰风电叶片材料制成的风电叶片和对比例中的风电叶片材料制成的风电叶片进行检测,检测结果如表1所示:
附着力测定
参照标准GB/T5210-2006进行测定。
耐磨性测定参照标准GB/T1768-2006进行测定。
耐酸、碱性测定参照标准GB/T9274进行测定。
噪音测定将本发明制得的降噪防结冰风电叶片和对比例中的风电叶片运行后,在距离风电叶片100m处,测试产生的声音是否超标。
抗冻性测定以本发明制得的降噪防结冰风电叶片和对比例中的风电叶片为试件,在-20℃环境下,定时用喷雾器喷0℃冰水在试件表面,12h后观察结冰状态,测试结冰量。
表1性能测定结果
根据表1中数据可知,本发明制得的降噪防结冰风电叶片,具有强度高,耐候性好,抗磨损性佳等,能够承受各种强风沙、雨水、冰霜、紫外线辐射等自然因素的侵蚀,以及高速运转的磨蚀等,具有广阔的使用前景。
Claims (7)
1.一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)将聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合,得到混聚物,将混聚物分散于N-N二甲基甲酰胺中,用磁力搅拌器以200~250r/min的转速混合搅拌,直至混聚物完全溶解,得到高分子溶液;
(2)将上述高分子溶液置于烧杯中,将烧杯置于水浴锅中,加热升温,保温脱泡,得到共混纺丝原液,将共混纺丝原液倒入纺丝箱中,经喷丝板中喷出原丝,原丝由辊轮依次带入三个凝固浴槽,第一凝固浴槽中装有N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液,第二凝固浴槽中装有60~65℃的水,第三凝固浴槽中装有95~100℃的沸水,将凝固浴处理后的原丝卷绕收集得到预氧化丝;
(3)将预氧化丝塞入石墨模具中,再将石墨模具放入电阻炉中,向电阻炉充入氮气作为保护气体,程序升温,保温碳化,自然冷却至室温后脱模,得到碳纤维预成型体;
(4)将铝线放入真空蒸发镀膜机中,加热升温,将碳纤维预成型体放入真空室中,对碳纤维预成型体镀铝金属膜,得到镀铝膜碳纤维;
(5)按重量份数计,将400~500mL磷酸溶液、8~10g聚乙二醇、20~30g氯化镍混合得到电解液,将镀铝膜碳纤维作为阳极完全浸入电解液中,石墨棒作为阴极插入电解液中,直流电通电电解处理,得到阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维;
(6)按重量份数计,将28~30份多壁碳纳米管、16~18份电气石粉、10~12份铝酸钠、30~40份石蜡油混合,置于高速分散机中,高速分散18~20min,得到固化液,将预氧化丝绕阳极氧化镀铝碳纤维表面缠结4~6圈,将固化液涂覆于预氧化丝外表面,固化后得到降噪防结冰风电叶片材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的聚丙烯腈和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合质量比为5︰2,控制溶液中溶质质量含量为20~30%,溶解温度为50~60℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的加热升温后温度为65~70℃,保温脱泡时间为20~24h,N-N二甲基甲酰胺的水溶液质量分数为45%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述的升温速率为5~10℃/min,升温后温度为1200~1400℃,保温碳化时间为50~60min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述的加热升温为600~750℃,控制所镀金属膜厚度为0.2~0.4mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述的磷酸溶液的质量分数为20%,通电电解直流电强度为30~50V,电解处理时间为40~50min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种降噪防结冰风电叶片材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)所述的高速分散转速为3500~4500r/min,固化液涂覆厚度为5~10mm。
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