CN108997843A - 一种用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108997843A
CN108997843A CN201810003508.5A CN201810003508A CN108997843A CN 108997843 A CN108997843 A CN 108997843A CN 201810003508 A CN201810003508 A CN 201810003508A CN 108997843 A CN108997843 A CN 108997843A
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朱建强
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆及其制备方法,色浆包括:染料、复合表面活性剂和水溶性高分子;染料为酸性染料或金属络合染料;复合表面活性剂为多元醇醚、多元醇醚硫酸盐、不饱和脂肪酸酯磺酸盐中的两种或者多种;水溶性高分子具有防止染料沉淀及提高染料分散能力的作用,为天然纤维素纳盐或带有锚链基团的超分散剂中的一种或者两种。进一步地各组份的重量份为:酸性染料1‑50重量份,复合表面活性剂1‑20重量份,水溶性高分子3‑8重量份。同时提供上述环保型水性色浆的制备方法。本发明既提供了环保无污染的水性色浆,又获得了更高效更稳定更均衡的超纤轧染效果,契合了节能减排的工业理念。

Description

一种用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种印染色浆及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种超纤染色用色浆及其制备方法。
背景技术
超纤自问世以来,一直沿用传统的纺织浸染工艺,耗能、耗水、耗时,其存在诸多弊端,首先效率低,耗费时间长,一般而言,生产一缸超纤织物,从配料到完成整个染色过程,需6-8小时,一台染色机全天24小时最多生产3-4缸织物,按缸的大小,织物厚薄不同,其产量大约在1500米-3000米之间。其次水资源消耗量巨大,以每缸生产500米织物计算,浴比按1:20计,则需水量约1吨,再加上染色后的水洗,总耗水量约3-4吨,其排放的废水色度、COD、BOD等严重超标,水污染相当严重。第三蒸汽能源消耗巨大,传统浸染工艺染色温度90-100℃左右,保温时间60-90分钟,最后还需80-90℃热水洗涤,耗用蒸汽量,吨纺织品约需蒸汽5-6吨。
传统浸染工艺染色前准备工作繁琐,首先粉状染料必须用热水完全溶解或分散,由于染料粉尘的飞扬,给操作环境或操作人员带来危害。其次要多种助剂加入,如渗透剂、匀染剂、促染剂、PH调节剂等等,极易造成误差,对染色质量带来影响。
现有技术中,由于液态色浆存在储存稳定性问题,及与树脂等材料的相溶性问题,一般不制备液态色浆进行超纤的染色;国内外之前开发的大多数是溶剂型色浆,利用溶剂与大多数树脂相溶性,稳定吸附染料或颜料使之能形成稳定的分散体,但存在国际上禁用的VOA等对环境有害物质。
超纤(指尼龙(PA6))/聚氨酯(PU型)具有海岛型结构,其中作为岛成份的是尼龙超细纤维,其大分子结构中带有末端氨基(-NH2)及末端羧基(-COOH),大分子链中由亚氨基(-NH-)连接,该结构在化学性能上表现为二性性能,在偏酸条件下,末端氨基(-NH2)吸附质子,呈阳性基团(-NH3),可以与染料中的阴性基团以离子链结合而上染。
聚氨酯是一种主链上含有较多氨基甲酸酯基因的高分子材料,其氨酯基与酰胺基类似,含有亚胺基团,可吸附质子后呈阳性,可与染料中阴性基团以离子键结合而上染。
尼龙与聚氨酯的分子结构较大差异来源于大分子链末端的端基,前者是氨基,后者是酯基。因此在染色过程中,对染料的亲和力不同,易造成尼龙与聚氨酯的同色性差异。
影响超纤染色的主要因素有:
1)超纤中尼龙纤维极细(纤度在0.05D以下),对染料的吸附速度非常快,致使匀染性差;又由于比表面积大,显色性差;即要达到同等色泽深度时,比常规纤维染料用量多很多;尤其染深色时,所用染料多,造成水洗牢度和摩擦牢度差。
2)聚氨酯大分子结构与尼龙纤维对染料的亲和力不同,易造成两相得色深浅不一,形成表面“白霜”现象。
3)超纤制造过程中,经融喷纺丝后,再经针刺成无纺布网状结构,成网时,纤维分布是随机的;势必造成无纺布厚薄的均匀程度难一致,影响染色的均匀性。
4)不定岛超纤其中岛与海的分布也是非连续性的,从微观结构上看,也是不均匀的。
以上这一切因素,都有可能造成超纤材料染色不匀现象。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是要提供一种无污染的水性色浆及其制备方法,既提供了环保无污染的水性色浆,又获得了更高效更稳定更均衡的超纤轧染效果,同时契合了节能减排的工业理念。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆,包括:染料、复合表面活性剂和水溶性高分子;
其中,所述的染料为酸性染料或金属络合染料;
所述的复合表面活性剂为多元醇醚、多元醇醚硫酸盐、不饱和脂肪酸酯磺酸盐中的两种或者多种;
所述的水溶性高分子具有防止染料沉淀及提高染料分散能力的作用,为天然纤维素纳盐或带有锚链基团的超分散剂中的一种或者两种。
进一步地,所述各组份的重量份如下:
染料 1-50重量份
复合表面活性剂 1-20重量份
水溶性高分子 3-8重量份。
进一步地,所述的多元醇醚选自十八烷基聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇月桂酸单酯聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇油酸单酯聚氧乙烯醚;
所述的多元醇醚硫酸盐选自月桂醇硫酸酯钠盐、异辛基聚氧乙烯醚、辛基聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐;
所述的不饱和脂肪酸酯磺酸盐选自琥珀酸酯磺酸盐、仲烷基磺酸钠、丁基萘磺酸钠、顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠;
所述的天然纤维素纳盐选自羧甲基纤维素钠盐、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、淀粉;
所述的带有锚链基团的超分散剂选自丙烯酸与马来酸酐接枝共聚、衣康酸、烯丙基磺酸纳、甲基丙烯酸共聚、聚12羟基硬脂酸与四乙烯五胺缩聚物、丙烯酸与烯丙醇共聚物。
本发明同时提供了上述用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆的制备方法,步骤包括:
a、称取染料,加水搅拌溶解,
b、依次加入水溶性高分子、复合表面活性剂,搅拌至呈完全分散、无颗粒、半透明状。
我们知道染料基本上是由带有发色基团的多重芳香环化合物组成,在水溶液中的分子间吸附导致有聚集成团倾向,形成沉淀。
本发明中的表面活化剂,具有合适的HLB值(表面活性剂的亲水亲油平衡值),有效降低水与染料间的界面张力,增加了染料的可润湿性,使染料能迅速分散,溶解于水中,并且能被包裹于表面活性剂的分子胶束中,形成稳定的染料水溶液。
本发明中水溶性高分子材料的应用对染料色浆的稳定性提高作用更明显,由于大分子链上带有许多亲水性基团,如羟基、氨基、酰胺基等,不仅自身能稳定地分散于水中,并且由于大分子本身产生的分子引力,如静电吸附等,吸附相对小分子的染料,甚至由于大分子链缠绕,包裹染料的胶束,形成稳定的色浆溶液。
具体有益效果如下:
①本发明的环保型水性色浆,如前所述,由于复合表面活性剂与亲水性高分子材料的双重作用下,色浆在轧槽中稳定性很好,不会产生析出等现象,从而避免了轧染工艺中常见的色点等瑕疵,又由于有效降低色浆与超纤表面的界面张力,色浆的润湿,渗透效应极好,在浓差效应影响下,色浆液迅速向超纤内腔渗透。不会聚集在超纤表面,直至在升高温度的影响下,逐步释放出染料分子与超纤结合,从而达到快速均匀的染色目的。
对于传统轧染工艺在汽蒸或培烘阶段,极易造成染料的泳移,造成白芯,局部色浅等问题,本发明的环保色浆中由于水溶性高分子材料与染料的亲和作用,阻止了燃料的泳移,使超纤得色更加均匀。
②本发明的环保型水性色浆中所引用的酸性染料或金属络合染料,如酸性红系列,酸性黄系列,酸性棕系列,酸性蓝及藏青系列,酸性黑系列品种,在常规超纤染色中,经常存在色差,染不透等问题。其原因大多表现为染料分子结构较大,大多为多重芳香环连结,亲水性基团较少,溶解性能差,移染性能较差等原因,但从另一方面看,其染色牢度相对较好。因此在本发明的环保型水性色浆中,首先由于复合表面活性剂能有效降低染料与水的界面张力,使染料能迅速分散到水中,提高了染料溶解度。其次提高色浆的渗透性,移染性,不同结构类型的复合表面活性剂,既有短碳链快速渗透类型,又有长碳链吸附染料憎水芳香环,携带染料快速移动至超纤内腔,达到均匀染色的目的。
③超纤结构中由于存在尼龙和聚氨酯对染料亲和力不一致,造成同色性不好。本发明的环保水性色浆除染色牢度较好外,其所选定的酸性染料或金属络合染料形成的色浆体系,能有效地保证上色的均匀性。其主要的理论依据在于复合表面活性剂中,既有亲染料型的基困,如亚氨基,依据静电与染料上的磺酸基团等形成松散的结合体,稳定于染浴中。另也有亲纤维型基团,如羧基,酯基,酰胺基等,在染浴的弱酸性条件下,尼龙纤维末端氨基或聚氨酯末端酯基吸附质子,呈弱阳性,复合表面活性剂在静电吸附和大于染料与纤维上疏水链段之间的分子间亲和力作用下,优先占据染座,随着染色温度升高,小分子染料更活跃,在复合表面活性剂已降低了液固界面张力条件下,染料更易渗透,扩散进纤维内部,原染座上的复合表面活性剂逐步脱离,达到均衡染色目的。
总之,在本发明中,依靠不同配比的染料分子结构中不同的基团对染料亲和力大小而分别吸附,达到均衡染色的目的,并且在环保水性色浆的恒定配比下,超纤织物的头尾色差极小。
④本发明的环保型水性色浆,不含任何树脂与溶剂,避免了操作环境染料粉尘飞扬的危害。
⑤使用本发明的水性色浆轧染超纤,无需汽蒸,经热定型机焙烘固着即可,从而大大简化了印染的程序;节约了大量材料和能源,与传统工艺比较,省时省水至少90%;也大大减少了污染的排放。
经本发明的环保型水性色浆轧染的超纤,按有关标准,测试:
1)迁移牢度(超纤行业内定指标),
2)摩擦牢度(按GB/T3920-1997),
3)匀染性(用CR-10色差计测试,△E<0.5时,无明显色差);
测试结果3项指标都完全能够达到工业上的要求,并且性能均能达到甚至超越传统浸染工艺水平。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本发明环保型水性色浆的制备工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
一种环保型水性色浆,包括:染料、复合表面活性剂和水溶性高分子;
其中,所述的染料为酸性染料或金属络合染料;所述的酸性染料包括酸性红系列、酸性黄系列、酸性棕系列、酸性蓝及藏青系列、酸性黑系列等。
所述的复合表面活性剂为多元醇醚、多元醇醚硫酸盐、不饱和脂肪酸酯磺酸盐中的两种或者多种;
所述的水溶性高分子具有防止染料沉淀及提高染料分散能力的作用,为天然纤维素纳盐或带有锚链基团的超分散剂中的一种或者两种。
所述各组份的重量份如下:
染料 1-50重量份
复合表面活性剂 1-20重量份
水溶性高分子 3-8重量份。
以下是四组实施例中各组份的重量份配比表如下:
当然,出于个别项目染色材料等差异的特殊需要,上述的染料、复合表面活性剂和水溶性高分子的配比也可以作适当的调整,只要是通过上述的染料、复合表面活性剂和水溶性高分子的协同作用能够高效、稳定、均衡地完成超纤轧染效果即可。
各实施例中复合表面活性剂的配比表如下:
当然,复合表面活性剂也可以是多元醇醚、多元醇醚硫酸盐、不饱和脂肪酸酯磺酸盐中的两种复合,譬如十八烷基聚氧乙烯醚与月桂醇硫酸酯钠盐复合,异辛基聚氧乙烯醚与仲烷基磺酸钠复合,或者失水山梨醇油酸单酯聚氧乙烯醚与脂肪醇醚硫酸盐(AES)复合等等。
其中各实施例中水溶性高分子的配比表如下:
当然,水溶性高分子也可以选用天然纤维素纳盐、带有锚链基团的超分散剂中的任何一种,譬如羧甲基纤维素钠盐(CMC)或者丙烯酸与马来酸酐接枝共聚等,同样能够完成本发明的目的。
如图1所示,上述环保型水性色浆的制备方法如下,
a、称取染料,加水搅拌溶解,
b、依次加入水溶性高分子、复合表面活性剂,搅拌至呈完全分散、无颗粒、半透明状。
本实验所述黄色色浆无汽蒸轧染超纤染色物各项测试数据如下表:
测试结果3项指标都完全能够达到工业上的要求,并且性能均能达到甚至超越传统浸染工艺水平。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆,其特征在于包括:染料、复合表面活性剂和水溶性高分子;
其中,所述的染料为酸性染料或金属络合染料;
所述的复合表面活性剂为多元醇醚、多元醇醚硫酸盐、不饱和脂肪酸酯磺酸盐中的两种或者多种;
所述的水溶性高分子具有防止染料沉淀及提高染料分散能力的作用,为天然纤维素纳盐或带有锚链基团的超分散剂中的一种或者两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的色浆,其特征在于:所述各组份的重量份如下:
染料 1-50重量份
复合表面活性剂 1-20重量份
水溶性高分子 3-8重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的色浆,其特征在于:
所述的多元醇醚选自十八烷基聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇月桂酸单酯聚氧乙烯醚、失水山梨醇油酸单酯聚氧乙烯醚;
所述的多元醇醚硫酸盐选自月桂醇硫酸酯钠盐、异辛基聚氧乙烯醚、辛基聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐;
所述的不饱和脂肪酸酯磺酸盐选自琥珀酸酯磺酸盐、仲烷基磺酸钠、丁基萘磺酸钠、顺丁烯二酸二仲辛酯磺酸钠;
所述的天然纤维素纳盐选自羧甲基纤维素钠盐、海藻酸钠、瓜尔胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、淀粉;
所述的带有锚链基团的超分散剂选自丙烯酸与马来酸酐接枝共聚、衣康酸、烯丙基磺酸纳、甲基丙烯酸共聚、聚12羟基硬脂酸与四乙烯五胺缩聚物、丙烯酸与烯丙醇共聚物。
4.一种权利要求1、2或3所述的用于超纤染色的环保型水性色浆的制备方法,其特征在于步骤包括:
a、称取染料,加水搅拌溶解,
b、依次加入水溶性高分子、复合表面活性剂,搅拌至呈完全分散、无颗粒、半透明状。
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