CN108990983A - 一种缓释微生物菌剂 - Google Patents

一种缓释微生物菌剂 Download PDF

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CN108990983A
CN108990983A CN201811013585.5A CN201811013585A CN108990983A CN 108990983 A CN108990983 A CN 108990983A CN 201811013585 A CN201811013585 A CN 201811013585A CN 108990983 A CN108990983 A CN 108990983A
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acid
fatty acid
microbial
bacterial agent
microbial inoculum
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黄永
裴文亮
谢德珊
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Chengdu Top Biological Polytron Technologies Inc
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Abstract

本发明属于生物技术领域，涉及用于调节动植物生长发育，治疗动物疾病和防治植物病虫害的微生物缓释菌剂。菌剂是将将脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐或脂肪酸的衍生物与微生物菌液混合后与蜡膜材料制成的缓释菌剂及其应用。

Description

一种缓释微生物菌剂
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域，涉及用于用于调节动植物生长发育，治疗动物疾病和防治植物病虫害的微生物菌剂。
背景技术
化学农药在控制农业有害生物、保护农业生产安全方面以及降低劳动强度等方面发挥了重要作用。随着化学工业的发展和农药肥料使用范围的扩大，化学农药的数量和品种都在不断增加，现在世界化学农药总产量（以有效成分计）超过300万吨。由于化学农药和化肥的长期大量施用,已带来了严重的环境污染和病虫抗药性的不断增加。许多国家都投入了大量资金研究开发能够替代或减少化学农药和化肥的新制剂，以保持农业生产的可持续发展。
随着经济发展和环境可持续发展的要求，许多国家都推出了减量使用化学农药和化肥的政策措施。寻找新的、符合农业可持续发展的农业病害防治措施成为当前农业生产研究的热点。由于生物农药产品无污染、无残留的优点引起人们的关注。其中，微生物菌剂是生物农药的主要来源，包括以苏云金杆菌为代表的微生物杀虫剂，枯草芽孢杆菌为代表的微生物杀菌剂。
现代禽畜和水产品养殖业的发展对于我国经济发展和环境可持续发展起着十分重要的作用。但随着养殖集约化程度的提高，禽畜和鱼虾蟹等动物养殖的密度大，加上激素或抗生素等的大量使用，动物生长速度快，动物抗应激的能力显著减弱，免疫抗性低，非常容易造成疾病的流行，导致动物大量死亡。
微生物菌剂的致命缺点是易外界环境变化影响，如自然界的紫外线，动物肠胃中的酶等均可以杀死微生物，在微生物菌到达靶标场所前就被消灭了。现在很多微生物菌剂为了防御外界环境的影响，通过发酵优化，培养出芽孢、厚垣孢子等抗逆性强的生物体，然后制成可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂等。这种方法在一定程度上增加了微生物菌剂对不良外界条件的抗性，如微胶囊剂型（CN102870816A）的发明专利，对解决微生物菌剂在农作物病害防治的应用中起到了积极的作用。
本发明通过将微生物制成缓释菌剂，增强微生物对外界环境变化的抗性，使微生物菌剂在通过动物肠胃时不被降解，在使用到田间时不被紫外线杀死，提高了微生物菌剂的应用效果。
发明内容
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明将脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐或脂肪酸的衍生物与微生物菌液混合后与蜡膜材料制成的缓释菌剂及其应用，缓释菌剂的功能包括但不局限于用于调节动植物生长发育，治疗动物疾病和防治植物病虫害的微生物菌剂
选用的脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐或脂肪酸的衍生物载体包括乙酸，双乙酸，丙酸，乳酸，丁酸，异丁酸，戊酸，异戊酸，己酸，异己酸，癸酸，辛酸，棕榈酸，棕榈烯酸，硬脂酸，亚油酸，油酸，亚麻酸，月桂酸，肉豆蔻酸，壬酸，花生四烯酸，以及这些脂肪酸制成的盐。
选用的蜡膜材料包括但不局限于黄原胶，紫胶、石脂、液体石蜡、松香季戊四醇酯，棕榈蜡和酯蜡中的一种或多种。
本发明中，所述的微生物缓释菌剂，其特征在于：选用的微生物包括改善动物肠道健康的微生物菌，包括但不局限于，枯草芽孢杆菌，双歧杆菌，乳酸杆菌等，用于防治植物病虫害，包括但不局限于白僵菌，绿僵菌，苏云金杆菌，短稳芽孢杆菌，荧光假单胞菌等。
本发明解决的技术问题是将微生物制成缓释菌剂，克服微生物菌在应用过程中受到的环境伤害。本发明的创新点一是将脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐或脂肪酸的衍生物与微生物菌液混合后与蜡膜材料制成了缓释菌剂；创新点二是通过缓释材料的保护作用增强了微生物菌剂抵御不良环境的能力。
具体实施方案
本发明根据下述实例做进一步的描述，本领域技术人员知道，下述实施例对本发明仅仅起到说明的作用。在不背离本发明精神的前提下，对本发明所做的任意改进和替代均在本发明保护的范围内。
实施方案一
将LB发酵培养的枯草芽孢杆菌发酵液与硬脂酸钙溶液混合后，加入到5%的紫胶溶液中充分搅拌均匀，喷雾干燥后制成2.3 x 109cfu/g缓释菌剂。
实施方案二
称取实施方案一制备的缓释菌剂按500克加入到1吨饲料中混合均匀，制成膨化鸡饲料，对照为添加抗生素维吉尼亚霉素（速大肥）制成的鸡饲料，试验结果如表。
1数据后所跟的±数字表示处理间平均数的标准差。

Claims (6)

1.一种缓释微生物菌剂，其特征在于，涉及将脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐或脂肪酸的衍生物与微生物菌液混合后与蜡膜材料制成的缓释菌剂及其应用，缓释菌剂的功能包括但不局限于用于调节动植物生长发育，治疗动物疾病和防治植物病虫害的微生物菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的菌剂及其应用，其特征在于：所述脂肪酸或脂肪酸盐或脂肪酸的衍生物载体包括乙酸，双乙酸，丙酸，乳酸，丁酸，异丁酸，戊酸，异戊酸，己酸，异己酸，癸酸，辛酸，棕榈酸，棕榈烯酸，硬脂酸，亚油酸，油酸，亚麻酸，月桂酸，肉豆蔻酸，壬酸，花生四烯酸，以及这些脂肪酸制成的盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蜡膜材料，其特征在于：所述蜡膜材料包括但不局限于黄原胶，紫胶、石脂、液体石蜡、松香季戊四醇酯，棕榈蜡和酯蜡中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的微生物菌剂，其特征在于：所选用的微生物包括改善动物肠道健康的微生物菌，包括但不局限于，枯草芽孢杆菌，双歧杆菌，乳酸杆菌等。
5.根据权利要求1所述的微生物菌剂，其特征在于：所选用的微生物用于防治植物病虫害，包括但不局限于白僵菌，绿僵菌，苏云金杆菌，短稳芽孢杆菌，荧光假单胞菌等。
6.根据权利要求1所述植物病虫害，包括但不局限于为害植物的微生物如线虫，真菌或细菌等侵染引起的病害和咀嚼式口器、刺吸式口器、锉吸式口器、刮吸式口器和添吸式口器的昆虫引起的虫害。
CN201811013585.5A 2018-08-31 2018-08-31 一种缓释微生物菌剂 Pending CN108990983A (zh)

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CN109666608A (zh) * 2019-01-14 2019-04-23 中国农业大学 一种花生根际荧光假单胞菌及其应用
CN114532339A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-05-27 武汉轻工大学 一种用于水产养殖的皂化包裹抗菌药物的制备方法
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CN117778276A (zh) * 2024-02-23 2024-03-29 四川省农业农村厅植物保护站 一种防治生姜土传病害的生防菌剂及制备方法和培育方法

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CN109666608A (zh) * 2019-01-14 2019-04-23 中国农业大学 一种花生根际荧光假单胞菌及其应用
CN114532339A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-05-27 武汉轻工大学 一种用于水产养殖的皂化包裹抗菌药物的制备方法
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CN115316493B (zh) * 2022-08-24 2024-04-05 云南博仕奥生物技术有限公司 一种乳酸菌-脂质体制剂、其制备方法及其应用
CN117778276A (zh) * 2024-02-23 2024-03-29 四川省农业农村厅植物保护站 一种防治生姜土传病害的生防菌剂及制备方法和培育方法
CN117778276B (zh) * 2024-02-23 2024-05-10 四川省农业农村厅植物保护站 一种防治生姜土传病害的生防菌剂及制备方法和培育方法

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Application publication date: 20181214