CN108981584B - All-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device and method - Google Patents
All-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108981584B CN108981584B CN201811035196.2A CN201811035196A CN108981584B CN 108981584 B CN108981584 B CN 108981584B CN 201811035196 A CN201811035196 A CN 201811035196A CN 108981584 B CN108981584 B CN 108981584B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device and method, comprising an optical fiber femtosecond laser, a first optical fiber filter, a three-port optical fiber circulator, a first optical fiber, an optical fiber probe, an object to be measured, a second optical fiber filter, a second optical fiber, an optical fiber amplifier, a photoelectric detector, an oscilloscope and a computer. The Fresnel reflected light of the incident laser on the end face of the optical fiber probe is used as reference light for interference, the rest of the incident laser irradiates the object to be detected through the optical fiber probe, the optical fiber probe simultaneously receives light reflected back from the object to be detected as signal light for interference, after the two beams of light interfere, the light is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector and recorded by an oscilloscope, and the recorded signal is processed by a computer to obtain the distance between the object to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe. The invention adopts the all-fiber coaxial optical path structural design, greatly reduces the debugging and operation difficulties of the device, is beneficial to the popularization and the use of the device and the method, and improves the anti-interference capability of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of distance measurement, in particular to an all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measurement device and method.
Background
In the complex impact loading experimental study, the position information of the object to be tested and the evolution rule of the object to be tested along with time are precisely known, and the accuracy of a physical model in impact dynamics can be checked. The invention and the application of the wave profile testing technology represented by any surface velocity interferometer (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector, VISAR) and any surface displacement interferometer (Displacement Interferometer System for Any Reflector, DISAR; doppler Pins System, DPS) are important breakthroughs in the field of physical research of shock waves and detonation waves, and play a great role in experimental research of high-pressure physical properties of materials. However, the velocity interferometer or the displacement interferometer can only give out the velocity component of the object to be measured along the direction of the probe, and in a complex impact loading experiment, the object to be measured generally moves transversely relative to the direction of the probe, and a new object to be measured may enter the field of view of the probe in the loading process, so that the position information of the object to be measured obtained by directly integrating the velocity measurement result may have a larger difference from the actual position of the position information, and the difference may affect the correct interpretation of experimental data and mislead the establishment of a physical model. At present, the common position information measurement technology in the ultra-fast impact dynamics process mainly comprises technologies such as X-ray or visible light photography, an optical/electrical probe and the like, but the technologies can only give the position information of an object to be measured at a plurality of discrete moments, and cannot obtain the continuous change process of the position information of the object to be measured along with time in the whole loading process.
Gaps between aero-engine rotating and stationary structural components (e.g., tip gaps, axial gaps, and labyrinth seal gaps) are one of the primary factors affecting aero-engine performance. For example, too large a tip clearance (i.e., the distance between the blade tip and the casing) can increase airflow leakage, resulting in a reduced boost ratio and a reduced surge margin, resulting in increased engine fuel consumption and a corresponding reduced range for the aircraft; the blade tip clearance is too small, friction is easy to occur between the blade tip and the casing, and parts are damaged, so that the safety of the engine is affected. Therefore, controlling the optimum value of various clearances is important to improve the performance of the engine and ensure the flight safety. However, the existing gap measurement technologies such as a capacitance method, an eddy current method, an optical fiber method and a light guide probe method cannot completely meet the requirements of gap measurement between rotating and static structural components of an engine in terms of measurement accuracy, spatial resolution, high temperature resistance, structural dimensions and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides an all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device and method, which are non-contact dynamic absolute distance precise measuring device and method, have measuring range of hundred millimeters, micron-level distance resolution and 10 ns-level time resolution, and can measure the absolute distance between an object to be measured and the end face of an optical fiber probe in the ultra-fast impact dynamics process; meanwhile, the device and the method can be used for measuring the clearance between rotating and static structural components of the aero-engine by matching with the use of the high-temperature resistant optical fiber probe.
The invention provides an all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device, which comprises:
the optical fiber femtosecond laser is used for emitting femtosecond pulse laser;
the first optical fiber filter is used for shaping the femtosecond laser pulse and selecting a required center wavelength and spectral line width;
the three-port optical fiber circulator is used for outputting the femtosecond pulse laser output by the first optical fiber filter from a port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator through a port I of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
the first optical fiber is used for transmitting the femtosecond laser pulse output by the port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator to the vicinity of the object to be detected;
the optical fiber probe is used for irradiating the femtosecond pulse laser onto the object to be tested, and light formed by the femtosecond pulse laser on the end face of the optical fiber probe due to Fresnel reflection is used as reference light of interference, and light reflected from the surface of the object to be tested and collected by the optical fiber probe is used as signal light of interference;
the second optical fiber filter is used for filtering the light which is received by the optical fiber probe and output from the port III of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
the second optical fiber is used for carrying out dispersion broadening on the femtosecond laser pulse generated by reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe and the femtosecond laser pulse received by the optical fiber probe and reflected by the object to be tested by utilizing the dispersion effect of the optical fiber;
the optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the light intensity of the two femtosecond laser pulses transmitted through the second optical fiber;
the photoelectric detector is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on interference signals of the two femtosecond laser pulses;
the oscilloscope is used for recording the electric signals output by the photoelectric detector;
and the computer is used for carrying out data processing on the signals recorded by the oscilloscope to obtain the distance between the object to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe.
Further, the photoelectric detector is connected with the oscilloscope through a cable, the oscilloscope is connected with the computer through a network cable, and other components are connected through an optical fiber flange plate or a welding mode.
Further, the fiber optic probe is a flat-headed quartz fiber or a fiber collimator with a lens.
Further, the first optical fiber filter is a tunable broadband optical fiber filter, and the optical fiber amplifier is an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for measuring an absolute distance of all-fiber dynamic, comprising:
emitting femtosecond pulse laser;
shaping the femtosecond laser pulse, and selecting a required center wavelength and spectral line width;
outputting the shaped femtosecond pulse laser from a port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator through a port I of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
transmitting the femtosecond laser pulse output by a port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator to the vicinity of an object to be detected;
the method comprises the steps that femtosecond pulse laser is irradiated to an object to be tested through an optical fiber probe, light formed by the femtosecond pulse laser on the end face of the optical fiber probe due to Fresnel reflection is used as reference light of interference, and light reflected from the surface of the object to be tested and collected by the optical fiber probe is used as signal light of interference;
filtering the light received by the optical fiber probe and output from a port III of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
performing dispersion broadening on the femtosecond laser pulse generated by reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe and the femtosecond laser pulse received by the optical fiber probe and reflected by the object to be detected by utilizing the dispersion effect of the optical fiber;
amplifying the light intensity of the two femtosecond laser pulses subjected to dispersion broadening;
photoelectric conversion is carried out on interference signals of the two femtosecond laser pulses;
recording the electrical signal;
and carrying out data processing on the recorded signals to obtain the distance between the object to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe.
Further, the femtosecond laser pulse is subjected to dispersion broadening by an optical fiber.
Further, the fiber optic probe is a flat-headed quartz fiber or a fiber collimator with a lens.
Further, the method for data processing of the recorded signal comprises:
time domain interference signal i (t) = |a 1 (t)| 2 [1+Vcos(2πft)]Performing Fourier transformation to obtain the frequency f of the interference signal;
calculating the distance d=pi beta between the object to be measured and the end face of the optical fiber probe 2 Lcf；
Wherein a is 1 (t) is the amplitude, beta, of the electric field of the femtosecond laser pulse generated by the reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe 2 Is the second order dispersion constant of the fiber, L is the length of the fiber, c is the speed of light in vacuum, V=2K/(1+K) 2 ) Contrast of stripe, K is amplitude ratio, satisfying a 1 (t)＝Ka 2 (t-τ)，a 2 (t- τ) is the amplitude of the electric field of the femtosecond laser pulse received by the fiber probe and reflected from the object to be measured, τ=2d/c is the time interval between the reference pulse and the signal pulse.
Compared with the prior art, the measuring device and the measuring method provided by the invention have the advantages that the reference light and the signal light are respectively from the Fresnel reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe and the reflection of the object to be measured, and are coaxial, so that the reliability of the device and the environment anti-interference capability are improved, and the device is free from debugging. The absolute distance between the object to be measured and the end face of the optical fiber can be directly obtained by processing the experimental signal recorded by the oscilloscope through the computer, and the measurement of the absolute distance is completed once when the femtosecond laser emits one laser pulse, so that the time resolution of the method is determined by the repetition frequency of the femtosecond pulse laser, can reach 10ns, and can be used for experimental measurement in ultra-fast processes such as impact loading and the like. In addition, the device and the method can be used for measuring the clearance between rotating and static structural components of the engine by being matched with the high-temperature-resistant optical fiber probe.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a 1-fiber femtosecond laser, a 2-first fiber filter, a 3-three-port fiber circulator, a 4-first fiber, a 5-fiber probe, a 6-object to be tested, a 7-second fiber filter, an 8-second fiber, a 9-fiber amplifier, a 10-photoelectric detector, an 11-oscilloscope and a 12-computer.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring apparatus of the present invention includes: the optical fiber femtosecond laser comprises an optical fiber femtosecond laser 1, a first optical fiber filter 2, a three-port optical fiber circulator 3, a first optical fiber 4, an optical fiber probe 5, an object 6 to be tested, a second optical fiber filter 7, a second optical fiber 8, an optical fiber amplifier 9, a photoelectric detector 10, an oscilloscope 11 and a computer 12. Preferably, the first optical fiber filter 2 is a tunable broadband optical fiber filter and the optical fiber amplifier 9 is an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier. The photoelectric detector 10 is connected with the oscilloscope 11 through a cable, the oscilloscope 11 is connected with the computer 12 through a network cable, the rest components are sequentially connected through an optical fiber flange plate or a welding mode, and laser is completely transmitted in an optical fiber. The fiber optic probe 5 may be a flat-head quartz fiber or a fiber collimator with a lens. The fresnel reflection light of the incident laser on the end face of the optical fiber probe 5 is used as the reference light of interference, the rest of the incident laser irradiates onto the object 6 to be detected through the optical fiber probe 5, the optical fiber probe 5 simultaneously receives the light reflected back from the object 6 to be detected as the signal light of interference, after the interference of the two beams of light, the two beams of light are converted into an electric signal by the photoelectric detector 10 and recorded by the oscilloscope 11, and the recorded signal is processed by the computer 12 to obtain the distance between the object 6 to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe 5. The description of each device is as follows.
The optical fiber femtosecond laser 1 emits femtosecond pulse laser;
a first optical fiber filter 2 for shaping the femtosecond laser pulse and selecting a desired center wavelength and spectral line width;
the three-port optical fiber circulator 3 outputs the femtosecond pulse laser output by the first optical fiber filter 2 from a port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator 3 through a port I of the three-port optical fiber circulator 3;
the first optical fiber 4 transmits the femtosecond laser pulse output by the port II of the optical fiber circulator 3 to the vicinity of the object 6 to be detected;
the optical fiber probe 5 irradiates the femtosecond pulse laser on the object 6 to be tested, wherein light formed by the femtosecond pulse laser on the end face of the optical fiber probe 5 due to Fresnel reflection is used as reference light of interference, and light reflected from the surface of the object 6 to be tested and collected by the optical fiber probe 5 is used as signal light of interference;
an object 6 to be tested, an object to be studied;
a second optical fiber filter 7 for filtering the light received by the optical fiber probe and outputted from the port III of the three-port optical fiber circulator 3;
the second optical fiber 8 performs dispersion broadening on the femtosecond laser pulse generated by reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe 5 and the femtosecond laser pulse received by the optical fiber probe 5 and reflected from the object 6 to be tested by utilizing the dispersion effect of the optical fiber;
an optical fiber amplifier 9 for amplifying the light intensity of the two femtosecond laser pulses transmitted through the second optical fiber 8;
a photodetector 10 that photoelectrically converts interference signals of two femtosecond laser pulses;
an oscilloscope 11 for recording the electric signal output from the photodetector 10;
the computer 12 performs data processing on the signals recorded by the oscilloscope 11 to obtain the distance between the object 6 to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe 5, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
step 1: the femtosecond pulse laser emitted by the femtosecond pulse laser sequentially passes through the tunable width filter, the three-port optical fiber circulator and the first optical fiber, irradiates on the surface of an object to be detected, reflects from the end face of the optical fiber probe and the femtosecond pulse laser reflected from the object to be detected and received by the optical fiber probe, and after passing through the second optical fiber, according to the nonlinear theory of optical fiber transmission, the time domain electric field forms of the femtosecond pulse laser can be respectively written as follows:
wherein a is 1 (t)、a 2 (t- τ) is the amplitude of the electric field of the femtosecond laser pulse generated by the reflection of the fiber probe end face and the femtosecond laser pulse reflected from the object to be measured received by the fiber probe, respectively, τ=2dc is the time interval between the reference pulse and the signal pulse (c is the speed of light in vacuum, d is the distance between the fiber probe end face and the object to be measured), ω (t) = (1/β) 2 L) t is the time domain angular frequency of femtosecond laser pulse after optical fiber dispersion, beta 2 And L is the second order dispersion constant of the second optical fiber, and L is the length of the second optical fiber.
Step 2: when the initial time interval between the reference pulse light and the signal pulse light is smaller than the time spread of the optical pulse, both the reference pulse light and the signal pulse light are necessarily overlapped on the time scale to interfere. Let the amplitude relationship of the two beams be a 1 (t)＝Ka 2 (t- τ), where K is the amplitude ratio, then the time domain interference signal can be written as
i(t)＝|a 1 (t)| 2 [1+Vcos(2πft)] (2)
Where v=2k/(1+k) 2 ) For contrast of stripes, f=dpi β 2 Lc is the frequency of the time domain interference signal.
Step 3: a, a 1 (t) is the amplitude of the pulse after the time domain broadening, which is slowly varying with respect to the frequency f of the time domain interference signal, so that the frequency f of the interference signal can be obtained by performing the Fourier transform processing on the formula (2), namely
Thus there is
d＝πβ 2 Lcf (4)
Wherein beta is 2 The second-order dispersion constant of the second optical fiber is L, the length of the second optical fiber is C, the light speed in vacuum is c, and f is the frequency of a signal obtained by Fourier transform processing of the time domain interference signal. Thus, by simply performing a Fourier transform on the time-domain interference signalAnd (4) obtaining the absolute distance d between the object to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe by replacing the frequency f of the obtained signal and bringing the relevant parameter into the step (4).
The invention adopts the all-fiber coaxial optical path structural design, greatly reduces the debugging and operation difficulties of the device, is beneficial to the popularization and the use of the device and the method, and improves the anti-interference capability of the device.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (8)
1. An all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measurement device, comprising:
the optical fiber femtosecond laser is used for emitting femtosecond pulse laser;
the first optical fiber filter is used for shaping the femtosecond laser pulse and selecting a required center wavelength and spectral line width;
the three-port optical fiber circulator is used for outputting the femtosecond pulse laser output by the first optical fiber filter from a port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator through a port I of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
the first optical fiber is used for transmitting the femtosecond laser pulse output by the port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator to the vicinity of the object to be detected;
the optical fiber probe is used for irradiating the femtosecond pulse laser onto the object to be tested, and light formed by the femtosecond pulse laser on the end face of the optical fiber probe due to Fresnel reflection is used as reference light of interference, and light reflected from the surface of the object to be tested and collected by the optical fiber probe is used as signal light of interference;
the second optical fiber filter is used for filtering the light which is received by the optical fiber probe and output from the port III of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
the second optical fiber is used for carrying out dispersion broadening on the femtosecond laser pulse generated by reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe and the femtosecond laser pulse received by the optical fiber probe and reflected by the object to be tested by utilizing the dispersion effect of the optical fiber;
the optical fiber amplifier is used for amplifying the light intensity of the two femtosecond laser pulses transmitted through the second optical fiber;
the photoelectric detector is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on interference signals of the two femtosecond laser pulses;
the oscilloscope is used for recording the electric signals output by the photoelectric detector;
and the computer is used for carrying out data processing on the signals recorded by the oscilloscope to obtain the distance between the object to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe.
2. The all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the photoelectric detector is connected with the oscilloscope through a cable, the oscilloscope is connected with the computer through a network cable, and the rest components are connected through an optical fiber flange plate or a fusion welding mode.
3. An all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fiber optic probe is a flat-headed quartz fiber or a fiber collimator with a lens.
4. The all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the first optical fiber filter is a tunable broadband optical fiber filter and the optical fiber amplifier is an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier.
5. An all-fiber dynamic absolute distance measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
emitting femtosecond pulse laser;
shaping the femtosecond laser pulse, and selecting a required center wavelength and spectral line width;
outputting the shaped femtosecond pulse laser from a port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator through a port I of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
transmitting the femtosecond laser pulse output by a port II of the three-port optical fiber circulator to the vicinity of an object to be detected;
the method comprises the steps that femtosecond pulse laser is irradiated to an object to be tested through an optical fiber probe, light formed by the femtosecond pulse laser on the end face of the optical fiber probe due to Fresnel reflection is used as reference light of interference, and light reflected from the surface of the object to be tested and collected by the optical fiber probe is used as signal light of interference;
filtering the light received by the optical fiber probe and output from a port III of the three-port optical fiber circulator;
performing dispersion broadening on the femtosecond laser pulse generated by reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe and the femtosecond laser pulse received by the optical fiber probe and reflected by the object to be detected by utilizing the dispersion effect of the optical fiber;
amplifying the light intensity of the two femtosecond laser pulses subjected to dispersion broadening;
photoelectric conversion is carried out on interference signals of the two femtosecond laser pulses;
recording the electrical signal;
and carrying out data processing on the recorded signals to obtain the distance between the object to be detected and the end face of the optical fiber probe.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the optical fiber is used to perform dispersion broadening on the femtosecond laser pulse.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the fiber optic probe is a flat-headed quartz fiber or a fiber optic collimator with a lens.
8. The method for measuring the absolute distance of all-fiber dynamics according to claim 5, wherein the method for data processing of the recorded signals comprises:
time domain interference signal i (t) = |a 1 (t)| 2 [1+V cos(2πft)]Performing Fourier transformation to obtain the frequency f of the interference signal;
calculating the distance d=pi beta between the object to be measured and the end face of the optical fiber probe 2 Lcf；
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,a 1 (t) is the amplitude, beta, of the electric field of the femtosecond laser pulse generated by the reflection of the end face of the optical fiber probe 2 Is the second order dispersion constant of the fiber, L is the length of the fiber, c is the speed of light in vacuum, V=2K/(1+K) 2 ) Contrast of stripe, K is amplitude ratio, satisfying a 1 (t)＝Ka 2 (t-τ)，a 2 (t- τ) is the amplitude of the electric field of the femtosecond laser pulse received by the fiber probe and reflected from the object to be measured, τ=2d/c is the time interval between the reference pulse and the signal pulse.
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| CN111536887B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-11-30 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Engine blade tip clearance measurement system based on optical frequency comb spectral interference |
| CN112432602B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-12-28 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Double-beam laser interferometry engine blade tip clearance measurement method and device |
| CN112415534B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2023-12-05 | 深圳市中图仪器股份有限公司 | Absolute distance measuring device based on intensity modulation |
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| CN106093962A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-11-09 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | A kind of interference velocity-measuring system and method |
| CN205899031U (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-18 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Interfere system of testing speed |
| CN106969714A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-07-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of method of the fine length of precise measuring |
| CN107064946A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | All-optical pulse for target acquisition in continuous scattering medium compresses laser radar system and distance-finding method |
| CN107228623A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-10-03 | 中国计量科学研究院 | absolute distance measurement method and system without guide rail |
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