CN108976379A - 一种现浇防护片材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种现浇防护片材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108976379A
CN108976379A CN201710404975.4A CN201710404975A CN108976379A CN 108976379 A CN108976379 A CN 108976379A CN 201710404975 A CN201710404975 A CN 201710404975A CN 108976379 A CN108976379 A CN 108976379A
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李会平
宋正红
曾宪庭
王远福
李奇智
李猛
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TIANJIN QICAI WATERPROOF MATERIAL CO Ltd
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TIANJIN QICAI WATERPROOF MATERIAL CO Ltd
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Priority to US15/721,642 priority patent/US20180346670A1/en
Publication of CN108976379A publication Critical patent/CN108976379A/zh
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Abstract

本发明创造提供一种现浇防护片材，以重量计，包括占总重45％‑95％的主料，所述主料由下述组分构成：异氰酸酯125‑140份、多元胺化合物10‑220份、二元胺化合物220‑660份、聚醚二元醇210‑260份、聚醚多元醇115‑190份。还包括占总重5％‑55％的辅料，所述辅料由下述组分构成：环保稀释剂20‑140份、有机金属催化剂1‑35份、填料30‑400份、消泡剂4‑75份。本发明创造对环境适应性强、固化快速，并且具有良好柔性的无缝环保型防水材料。

Description

一种现浇防护片材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明创造涉及防水材料技术领域，特别涉及一种建筑工程中防水、防腐项目的功能性建筑防护材料。
背景技术
建筑防水材料是建筑产品的一项重要功能，是关系到建筑物的使用价值、使用寿命及卫生条件，直接影响到人们的生产活动、工作生活质量，故对保证工程质量具有更重要的地位。
随着人们对自己的生活质量，要求不断增高，伴随着科技的发展，促使防水行业的新型产品及其工程应用技术发展迅速，朝着由多层向单层、由热施工向冷施工等更便捷、环保的方向发展。
目前多数防水材料依旧以防水卷材和防水涂料为主。防水卷材在施工时需根据防水基层的形状而进行量体截衣，对于外形复杂的基层需多块拼接，防水卷材冷、热法施工产生的搭接缝和节点，是造成渗漏和窜水隐患的主要部位；另外防水卷材在施工完毕后，如果后序工序对防水层造成隐蔽性的局部破坏，亦会导致该部位辐射性的起鼓，渗漏、窜水，使整个与其相连贯层面的防水功能大面积衰失，如果不能找到破损部位，则局部修补方案就不可行，放大面积维修造成较大经济损失。
防水涂料可以实现整体化，无缝防水。防水涂料有物理挥发型、化学反应固结型或两者兼有，挥发型防水涂料受温度等因素影响较大，多数挥发物为污染性物质，并有适用季节的局限性；反应固化型对施工基础湿度要求苛刻，反应固化时间过长，受环境变化影响较大，或固化后容易开裂。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明创造旨在提出一种施工便捷，对环境适应性强、固化快速，并且具有良好柔性的无缝环保型防水材料。
为达到上述目的，本发明创造的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种现浇防护片材，以重量计，包括占总重45％-95％的主料，所述主料由下述组分构成：异氰酸酯125-140份、多元胺化合物10-220份、二元胺化合物220-660份、聚醚二元醇210-260份、聚醚多元醇115-190份。
其中，所述异氰酸酯为苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合物(XDI)、4,4二异氰酸酯、2,4二异氰酸酯、2,2二异氰酸酯、1,6-己二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
所述多元胺化合物含官能度≥3、分子量100-6000、以伯胺、仲胺、叔胺基封端的聚环氧丙烷化合物中的一种或多种。
所述二元胺化合物包含官能度为2、分子量30-1800、以伯胺、仲胺、叔胺基封端的聚环氧丙烷化合物、二乙基甲苯二胺(DETDA)中的一种或多种。
所述聚醚二元醇包含聚环氧丙烷醚二元醇、氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯二元醇、四氢呋喃-环氧丙烷共聚醚(THF-PO)中的一种或多种。
所述聚醚多元醇包含聚环氧丙烷醚三元醇、氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯三元醇、季戊四醇中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述多元胺化合物、二元胺化合物、聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇中，三元结构与二元结构比例为1：1.15-1：1.3，端氨基基团与端羟基基团比例为1.2：1-1.05:1。
在上述主料中，不饱和端氨基化合物和不饱和端羟基化合物与异氰酸根酸性抑制再交联，在施工现场采用喷涂过程中，共聚物中的亲水物质吸收空气中水分或基层的水分后，共聚物由酸性转变化为碱性，能够在交联催化条件下，进行二次反应，形成再交联结构，多遍喷涂于建筑基层表面或铺设于建筑基层表面的基层载体上，即形成具有一定厚度的无气泡、无接缝现浇防护片材。主料中通过选取合适的共聚物、扩链剂和交联剂，并控制活性基团的比例关系，使得防护片材能够获得合适的共聚链长以及合适分布的交联中心，从而保证防护片材具有适合的强度和良好的柔性；另外，合适的三元或多元结构也保证了防护片材在施工过程中能够快速胶黏并凝胶，减少环境干扰、降低开裂、褶皱等不良。
进一步，所述现浇防护片材还包括占总重5％-55％的辅料以及0-20％的余料，所述主料、辅料和余料的总和为100％。
所述辅料由下述组分构成：环保稀释剂20-140份、有机金属催化剂1-35份、填料30-400份、消泡剂4-75份。所述余料由下述组分构成：功能助剂1-90份、无机染料13-60份。
所述环保稀释剂为(邻、对苯二甲酸)二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯中的一种或多种。
所述有机金属催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡(T12)、辛酸亚锡(T9)、辛酸铅、辛酸锌、环烷酸钙中的一种或多种。
所述填料为碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土、重质碳酸钙中的一种或多种。所述填料的细度优选为800-3000目，保障液料与粉体材料的充分混合和包容，形成核壳结构。
所述消泡剂为磷酸三丁酯、甲基硅油、二甲基硅油中的一种或多种。
在上述辅料中，适合的稀释剂和消泡剂使防护片材获得具有合适粘度、浓度和流动性的喷涂乳化流体；填料在反应时被包裹形成核壳结构，增强防护片材的强度和弹性，有利于防护片材成型后的弯曲和延展；有机金属催化剂能够在主料及辅料的配合下快速催化反应进行，使得防护片材的不黏(表干)时间和凝胶(实干)时间大大缩短。
所述功能助剂为苯甲酸、膨润土、氧化钙、氧化锌、氢氧化钙、KH-550、水泥、硅烷憎水剂中的一种或多种，起到润滑、防收缩、替代部分填料、吸水改性等作用。
所述无机染料为炭黑、氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化铬、氧化铁等，用于对防护片材进行适当颜色调整。
本发明的防护片材采用下述方法制得：将异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇加入反应釜中，温度控制在80-85℃，以80-150转/分钟速度搅拌，反应3小时，迅速降温至50-60℃，加入消泡剂、无机染料，分3-4批次加入原料中的多元胺化合物、二元胺化合物，以80-150转/分钟速度匀速搅拌，反应1小时，测定异氰酸根百分含量(-NCO％)，达到设计值的95-105％，迅速将温度降至25±5℃，用环保稀释剂将功能助剂、有机金属催化剂先稀释混合后再全部投入反应釜内，分散20分钟，速度同上，最后加入烘干后的填料充分混合，过滤，充氮气保护，密封即得。
其中，本发明中“多元”指三元及以上。
相对于现有技术，本发明对环境温度、基础(无明水)湿度适应性强，在施工现场采用现场喷涂的方法，多遍喷涂制得一定厚度的无缝现浇防护片材。很好的解决了传统卷材搭接缝和节点多，容易渗漏且维修难，水性涂料类受温度，季节影响难干燥成膜，油性涂料溶剂挥发、易燃、潮湿基面无法成膜或无法保证成膜质量的弊端。本发明的防护片材不黏(表干)时间在300s以内，凝胶(实干)时间在1h左右，同时在低至-35℃的低温下能够保持良好的柔性，满足快速施工和大面积无缝铺设的需要。
具体实施方式
本发明创造的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明创造，并不构成对本发明创造的不当限定。
本案中各组成成分的原料可以市购获得，具体的，实施例中各组分来源见表1。
表1
原料 生产厂家 产品型号
XDI 三井化学 D-110N
氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯二元醇 山东蓝星东大化学有限责任公司 DL-2000D
季戊四醇 云南云天化股份有限公司 ——
磷酸三丁酯 无锡市东湖化工厂 TBP
二氧化钛 廊坊圣泉化工有限公司 R-818
官能度为3的以伯胺基封端的聚环氧丙烷化合物 烟台民生化学品有限公司 ATM-403
DETDA 江苏维科特瑞化工有限公司 E-100
对苯二甲酸二辛酯 江苏唯德化工科技有限公司 JSWD-SK50
苯甲酸 天津市鑫大宇化工有限公司 ——
二月桂酸二丁基锡 上海雨田化工有限公司 T-12
轻质碳酸钙 石家庄市红日钙业有限公司 1250目
2,4二异氰酸酯 河北沧州大化集团 TDI-80
THF-PO 山西省化工研究所 ——
氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯三元醇 山东蓝星东大化学有限责任公司 MN-3050
二甲基硅油 深圳市楚鹰新材料有限公司 201
炭黑 卡博尔化工(天津)有限公司 N774
邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 江苏唯德化工科技有限公司 JSWD-DBP
氧化锌 石家庄市龙力化工有限公司 ——
辛酸亚锡 上海雨田化工有限公司 T-9
滑石粉 临沂市振方化工有限公司 1250目
实施例1
将XDI 128g、氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯二元醇210g、季戊四醇178g加入反应釜中，温度控制在80-85℃，以80-150转/分钟速度搅拌，反应3小时，迅速降温至50-60℃，加入磷酸三丁酯15g、二氧化钛40g，分3-4批次加入官能度为3的以伯胺基封端的聚环氧丙烷化合物70g、DETDA 40g，以80-150转/分钟速度匀速搅拌，反应1小时，测定异氰酸根百分含量(-NCO％)，达到设计值的95-105％，迅速将温度降至25±5℃，用对苯二甲酸二辛酯93g将苯甲酸5g、二月桂酸二丁基锡12g先稀释混合后再全部投入反应釜内，分散20分钟，速度同上，最后加入烘干后的轻质碳酸钙300g充分混合，过滤，充氮气保护，密封入桶包装。
将上述桶装材料多遍喷涂于需要防护的基层上制得1.7mm厚度的无缝现浇防护片材，经检测，不黏时间为192s，凝胶时间为3500s,拉伸强度为2.60Mpa,断裂伸长率为680％，低温柔性为-35℃弯折无裂纹。
实施例2
将2,4二异氰酸酯125g、THF-PO 250g、氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯三元醇135g加入反应釜中，温度控制在80-85℃，以80-150转/分钟速度搅拌，反应3小时，迅速降温至50-60℃，加入二甲基硅油25g、炭黑36g，分3-4批次加入官能度为3的以伯胺基封端的聚环氧丙烷化合物140g、DETDA 220g，以80-150转/分钟速度匀速搅拌，反应1小时，测定异氰酸根百分含量(-NCO％)，达到设计值的95-105％，迅速将温度降至25±5℃，用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯64g将氧化锌21g、辛酸亚锡25g先稀释混合后再全部投入反应釜内，分散20分钟，速度同上，最后加入烘干后的滑石粉290g充分混合，过滤，充氮气保护，密封入桶包装。
将上述桶装材料多遍喷涂于需要防护的基层上制得1.7mm厚度的无缝现浇防护片材，经检测，不黏时间为206s，凝胶时间为3700s,拉伸强度为2.55Mpa,断裂伸长率为665％，低温柔性为-35℃弯折无裂纹。
以上所述仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明创造，凡在本发明创造的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明创造的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种现浇防护片材，以重量计，包括占总重45％-95％的主料，所述主料由下述组分构成：异氰酸酯125-140份、多元胺化合物10-220份、二元胺化合物220-660份、聚醚二元醇210-260份、聚醚多元醇115-190份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的现浇防护片材，其特征在于，所述异氰酸酯为苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯混合物、4,4二异氰酸酯、2,4二异氰酸酯、2,2二异氰酸酯、1,6-己二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种；
所述多元胺化合物含官能度≥3、分子量100-6000、以伯胺、仲胺、叔胺基封端的聚环氧丙烷化合物中的一种或多种；
所述二元胺化合物包含官能度为2、分子量30-1800、以伯胺、仲胺、叔胺基封端的聚环氧丙烷化合物、二乙基甲苯二胺中的一种或多种；
所述聚醚二元醇包含聚环氧丙烷醚二元醇、氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯二元醇、四氢呋喃-环氧丙烷共聚醚中的一种或多种；
所述聚醚多元醇包含聚环氧丙烷醚三元醇、氧化乙烯封端的聚氧化丙烯三元醇、季戊四醇中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的现浇防护片材，其特征在于，所述多元胺化合物、二元胺化合物、聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇中，三元结构与二元结构比例为1：1.15-1：1.3，端氨基基团与端羟基基团比例为1.2：1-1.05:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的现浇防护片材，其特征在于，所述现浇防护片材还包括占总重5％-55％的辅料以及0-20％的余料，所述主料、辅料和余料的总和为100％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的现浇防护片材，其特征在于，所述辅料由下述组分构成：环保稀释剂20-140份、有机金属催化剂1-35份、填料30-400份、消泡剂4-75份；所述余料由下述组分构成：功能助剂1-90份、无机染料13-60份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的现浇防护片材，其特征在于，所述环保稀释剂为(邻、对苯二甲酸)二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯中的一种或多种；
所述有机金属催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、辛酸铅、辛酸锌、环烷酸钙中的一种或多种；
所述填料为碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙、滑石粉、高岭土、重质碳酸钙中的一种或多种；
所述消泡剂为磷酸三丁酯、甲基硅油、二甲基硅油中的一种或多种；
所述功能助剂为苯甲酸、膨润土、氧化钙、氧化锌、氢氧化钙、KH-550、水泥、硅烷憎水剂中的一种或多种；
所述无机染料为炭黑、氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化铬、氧化铁中的一种或多种。
7.权利要求6所述的现浇防护片材的制备方法，包括下述步骤：将异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、聚醚多元醇加入反应釜中，温度控制在80-85℃，以80-150转/分钟速度搅拌，反应3小时，迅速降温至50-60℃，加入消泡剂、无机染料，分3-4批次加入原料中的多元胺化合物、二元胺化合物，以80-150转/分钟速度匀速搅拌，反应1小时，测定异氰酸根百分含量，达到设计值的95-105％，迅速将温度降至25±5℃，用环保稀释剂将功能助剂、有机金属催化剂先稀释混合后再全部投入反应釜内，分散20分钟，速度同上，最后加入烘干后的填料充分混合，过滤，充氮气保护，密封即得。
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