CN108976138A - 一种功能三胺单体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种功能三胺单体及其制备方法和用途。本发明从三或四取代苯环单体出发,经Suzuki反应一步反应或经Suzuki反应、还原反应两步反应制备功能三胺单体。本发明把常见的杂环或者苯环等刚性结构引入三胺单体,显著提高了单体的热稳定性,同时可显著提高由本发明提供的三胺单体制备的聚合物的热稳定性和机械性能,以及加工性能,还可以改善其在电及磁等方面的性能。本发明中涉及的功能三胺单体的制备方法工艺简单,纯化容易,因而适于工业生产。本发明的功能三胺单体可用于合成超支化和功能化聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚酯酰亚胺等聚合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及材料科学技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种功能三胺单体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺由于其突出的性能特点,如优异的耐热性、优异的耐低温性能、优异的机械性能、热膨胀系数低、耐水解、耐光辐射、优良的电性能、阻燃、无毒、低挥发及生物相容性等,使其受到了越来越多的重视和应用。但是,聚酰亚胺优异的热稳定性和耐溶剂性能,使得其加工成型较困难。
在实际应用中,一般先制备聚酰亚胺的前驱体聚酰胺酸,再将聚酰胺酸加工成型,然后酰亚胺化,得到聚酰亚胺成品。酰亚胺化反应产生小分子水,对制品不利,大大限制了聚酰亚胺的应用范围。因此,设计既有优良加工性能而又保持原有优良性能的聚酰亚胺是当前的研究热点。
将支化结构引入聚酰亚胺结构中,制备超支化聚酰亚胺,它表现出很多与线形聚合物不同的特殊性能。超支化聚合物的分子结构是三维立体的,所以超支化聚合物的流体行为表现出的是牛顿流体行为。因此,超支化聚合物相比线形聚合物粘度小,溶解性、流动性和成膜性都要稍好。超支化聚酰亚胺(HBPIs)因综合了超支化聚合物和聚酰亚胺两者的优点而具有一系列独特的理化性能,如耐高温、高强度、高介电、结晶度低或不结晶、溶液黏度低以及溶解性好等,近年来受到广大科研工作者的关注。相对于线性聚酰亚胺材料,超支化聚酰亚胺分子链间距离大,这使得其溶解性提高,但是其耐热性能相对下降,这限制了其在航空、航天以及火箭、导弹等的零部件领域的广泛应用。因此,在保持超支化聚酰亚胺高溶解性能的基础上,同时提高其耐热性,这对拓展其在耐高温领域的应用具有重要意义。超支化聚酰亚胺通常由二酐和三胺制备,但是,目前三胺单体的种类相对较少,三胺单体的热性能差,合成率低,反应步骤多,反应条件苛刻,已工业化的单体种类就更为有限,较少的单体种类在很大程度上阻碍了超支化聚酰亚胺的应用,已成为其发展的瓶颈问题。
本发明把杂环或苯环等刚性结构引入三胺单体,提高了单体的热稳定性,采用此三胺单体制备超支化聚酰亚胺,一方面可以提高聚合物的耐热性能,另一方面,由于多个刚性芳香结构引入到超支化聚酰亚胺主链,可以扩大聚合物链之间的距离,增大聚合物的自由体积,进一步改善其溶解性和加工性能,提高其气体渗透性能。本发明三胺单体制备的超支化聚酰亚胺同时具有高热稳定性和优异的溶解性能,其在耐高温领域以及气体渗透分离膜等材料领域具有较好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中三胺单体的种类相对较少,热性能不稳定,合成率低,制备的聚酰亚胺不能兼得优异的热性能和溶解性能等技术的不足,提供一种功能三胺单体,可用于合成超支化和功能化的聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚酯酰亚胺等聚合物。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是提供上述功能三胺单体的制备方法。
本发明还一要解决的问题是提供上述一种功能三胺单体的应用。
本发明提供的功能三胺单体结构如通式(I)所示:
其中Ar1选自下列结构式中的任何一种:
优选地,所述Ar1选自
其中Ar2选自下列结构式中的任何一种:
优选地,所述Ar2选自 中的一种。
本发明的功能三胺单体通过利用含有三个卤原子取代的Ar1单体通过经Suzuki反应一步反应或经Suzuki反应、还原反应两步反应制备如结构通式所示的功能三胺单体。具体包括以下步骤:
将三个卤原子取代的Ar1单体和含有一个硼酸和一个氨基取代的Ar2单体加入溶剂,通过Suzuki反应即得功能三胺单体;
或S1.将三个卤原子取代的Ar1单体和含有一个硼酸和一个硝基取代的Ar2单体加入溶剂,通过Suzuki反应得到单体1;
S2.将步骤S1中单体1加入到溶剂中,通过还原反应即得如结构通式(I)所示的功能三胺单体;
进一步地,步骤S1中单体1具有如下结构特征:
进一步地,所述Suzuki反应过程中需要加入碱,搅拌并通保护气体,加热,加入催化剂,回流反应后提纯、干燥;所述还原反应过程需要搅拌并通保护气体,加热,加入催化剂和还原剂,回流反应后提纯、干燥。
进一步地,所述Suzuki反应中Ar1单体与Ar2单体的投料物质的量比为1︰1.5~1︰6;所述碱与Ar2单体的投料物质的量比为1︰1~1︰6。
优选地,所述Suzuki反应中Ar1单体与Ar2单体的投料物质的量比为1︰2.5~1︰4;所述碱的与Ar2单体的投料物质的量比为1︰2~1︰4。
进一步地,所述还原反应中单体1与还原剂的投料物质的量比为1︰2~1︰32。
优选地,所述还原反应中单体1与还原剂的投料物质的量比为1︰15~1︰24。
进一步地,所述保护气体为氮气,氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气、氡气中的一种或几种;
进一步地,所述碱为氢化钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氟化铯、正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇纳、六甲基二硅基胺基锂中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述Suzuki反应中的溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、1,4二氧六环、甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮、乙腈、水中的一种或几种;步骤S2中所述溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、正丙醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、乙醇、己醇、四氢呋喃、1,4二氧六环、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、甲苯中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述催化剂为Pd[PPh3]4、Pd(DPPF)Cl2、PdCl2(CH3CN)2、PdCl2、Pd(OAc)2、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2、钯碳中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述还原剂为水合肼、甲酸铵、硼氢化钠、维生素C、柠檬酸钠、铁粉、锌粉中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述加热温度为50℃~170℃;所述回流反应时间为10~48h;所述干燥温度40℃~120℃;所述干燥时间为6~32h。
优选地,所述Suzuki反应中加热温度为70℃~80℃,回流反应时间为20~32h,干燥温度80℃~100℃;所述干燥时间为20~30h。
优选地,所述还原反应中加热温度为75℃~90℃,回流反应时间为25~32h,干燥温度70℃~90℃;所述干燥时间为20~30h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明从常见的苯环出发制备三胺单体,Ar2所包含的结构皆为杂环或者苯环结构,这些刚性结构引入三胺单体可显著提高单体的热稳定性,也可提高其制备的聚合物的热稳定性和机械性能,显著改善其加工性能,还可以改善其在电及磁等方面的性能。
本发明所提出的功能三胺单体制备所需原材料组分简单,合成工艺反应条件温和,简单易控,绿色环保。通过精确的制备工艺控制,使得制备的产品易纯化,杂质较少,产率较高,因而适于大规模工业生产。本发明研发的三胺单体可用于合成超支化和功能化的聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺和聚酯酰亚胺等聚合物。
附图说明
图1是实施例1~7所得单体的红外光谱图,其中:
a对应N,N'-(5'-(4-(4-aminobenzamido)phenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-4,4”-diyl)bis(4-aminobenzamide);
b对应4,4”-diamino-5'-(4-aminophenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-ol;
c对应4'-(3-aminophenyl)-[1,1':2',1”-terphenyl]-3,3”-diamine;
d对应4,4”-diamino-5'-(4-aminophenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-thiol;
e对应5,5',5”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(thiophen-2-amine);
f对应6,6',6”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(naphthalen-2-amine);
g对应7,7',7”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-amino-9H-fluoren-9-one)。
注:从红外光谱图中可以看到,在3500-3342cm-1的范围内出现了-NH2的特征吸收峰,在3031cm-1处出现了Ar-H的特征吸收频率,1530cm-1和1500cm-1处出现了特征的苯环骨架伸缩振动吸收峰,1060~740cm-1为Ar–H伸缩振动的特征吸收峰,这些都说明实施例1~7所合成的产物都具有芳香三胺的特征结构。
具体实施方式
下面给出实例以对本发明作更详细的说明,有必要指出的是以下实施例不能解释为对发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术熟练人员根据上述发明内容对本发明作出的一些非本质的改进和调整,仍应属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
4,4”-diamino-5'-(4-aminophenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-ol的合成:
将6.616(0.02mol)2,4,6-tribromophenol和8.671g(0.05mol)4-氨基苯硼酸盐酸盐加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入400mL四氢呋喃(THF),再加入2mol/L的碳酸钾溶液45mL,并加入适量aliquat336,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至75℃后,加入0.020g四三苯基膦钯,回流反应24h,将反应液倒入水中,有大量沉淀析出。用漏斗抽滤,减压蒸去溶剂。产物以二氯甲烷∶正己烷=2∶1(体积比)为流动相硅胶为固定相作柱色谱提纯,收集产物并旋干,在90℃真空中干燥24h,得到目标产物5.623g,产率为80%。
聚酰亚胺的合成:
将均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)0.4362g(2mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺36ml加入三口烧瓶中,通入氩气,升温至30℃,将三胺单体4,4”-diamino-5'-(4-aminophenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-ol 0.3674g(1mmol)溶解到40ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺用恒压滴液漏斗在1~2h均匀滴加入三口烧瓶中,然后继续反应16h,然后加入6ml乙酸酐和2ml三乙胺,升温至45℃继续反应12h,反应结束冷却到室温后出料在乙醇中,过滤,洗涤,重复2~3次,最后置于80℃真空干燥箱中干燥24h,得到黄褐色的超支化聚酰亚胺聚合物,其结构式如下:
实施例2
4'-(3-aminophenyl)-[1,1':2',1”-terphenyl]-3,3”-diamine的合成:
将6.296(0.02mol)1,2,4-tribromobenzene和8.671g(0.05mol)3-氨基苯硼酸盐酸盐加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入400mL四氢呋喃(THF),再加入2mol/L的碳酸钾溶液45mL,并加入适量aliquat336,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至75℃后,加入0.020g四三苯基膦钯,回流反应24h,将反应液倒入水中,有大量沉淀析出。用漏斗抽滤,减压蒸去溶剂。产物以二氯甲烷∶正己烷=2∶1(体积比)为流动相硅胶为固定相作柱色谱提纯,收集产物并旋干,在90℃真空中干燥24h,得到目标产物5.834g,产率为83%。
聚酰亚胺的合成:
4'-(3-aminophenyl)-[1,1':2',1”-terphenyl]-3,3”-diamine 0.3515g(1mmol)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺50ml加入三口烧瓶中,通入氩气,升温至30℃,将二苯醚四甲酸二酐(ODPA)0.2482g(0.8mmol)溶解到50ml N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中用恒压滴液漏斗在1~2h均匀滴加入三口烧瓶中,然后继续反应20h。将所得超支化聚酰亚胺酸胶液刮涂在干燥洁净的玻璃板上,再将玻璃板置于真空烘箱中,抽真空,80下干燥3h,随后升温至120℃后恒温整个过程2h,从120℃升温至200℃后恒温整个过程2h,从200℃升温至350℃恒温整个过程1h,冷却、取出超支化聚酰亚胺膜,其结构式如下:
实施例3
4,4”-diamino-5'-(4-aminophenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-thiol的合成:
将6.937(0.02mol)2,4,6-tribromobenzenethiol和8.671g(0.05mol)对氨基苯硼酸盐酸盐加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入400mL四氢呋喃(THF),再加入2mol/L的碳酸钾溶液45mL,并加入适量aliquat336,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至75℃后,加入0.020g四三苯基膦钯,回流反应24h,将反应液倒入水中,有大量沉淀析出。用漏斗抽滤,减压蒸去溶剂。产物以二氯甲烷∶正己烷=2∶1(体积比)为流动相硅胶为固定相作柱色谱提纯,收集产物并旋干,在90℃真空中干燥24h,得到目标产物6.520g,产率为85%。
聚酰亚胺的合成:
将3,3',4,4'--联苯四甲酸二酐(BPDA)0.4413g(1.5mmol)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮10ml加入三口烧瓶中,通入氩气,升温至30℃,将三胺单体4,4”-diamino-5'-(4-aminophenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-2'-thiol 0.3835g(1mmol)溶解到8ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮用恒压滴液漏斗在1~2h均匀滴加入三口烧瓶中,然后继续反应26h,然后加入12ml乙酸酐和3ml三乙胺,升温至45℃继续反应18h,反应结束冷却到室温后出料在甲醇中,过滤,洗涤,重复2~3次,最后置于80℃真空干燥箱中干燥24h,得到深红棕色的超支化聚酰亚胺聚合物,其结构式如下:
实施例4
5,5',5”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(thiophen-2-amine)的合成:
将6.296(0.02mol)1,3,5-tribromobenzene和7.149g(0.05mol)(5-aminothiophen-2-yl)boronic acid加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入400mL四氢呋喃(THF),再加入2mol/L的碳酸钾溶液75mL,并加入适量aliquat336,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至75℃后,加入0.020g四三苯基膦钯,回流反应24h,将反应液倒入水中,有大量沉淀析出。用漏斗抽滤,减压蒸去溶剂。产物以二氯甲烷∶正己烷=2∶1(体积比)为流动相硅胶为固定相作柱色谱提纯,收集产物并旋干,在90℃真空中干燥24h,得到目标产物5.543g,产率为75%。
聚酰亚胺的合成:
将均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)0.4515g(2.07mmol)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺15ml加入三口烧瓶中,通入氩气,升温至30℃,将三胺单体5,5',5”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(thiophen-2-amine)0.3695g(1mmol)溶解到16ml N,N-二甲基乙酰胺用恒压滴液漏斗在1~2h均匀滴加入三口烧瓶中,然后继续反应14h,然后加入6.2ml乙酸酐和2.1ml三乙胺,升温至45℃继续反应14h,反应结束冷却到室温后出料在乙醇中,过滤,洗涤,重复2~3次,最后置于80℃真空干燥箱中干燥24h,得到浅黄色的超支化聚酰亚胺聚合物,其结构式如下:
实施例5
6,6',6”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(naphthalen-2-amine)的合成:
将6.296(0.02mol)1,3,5-tribromobenzene和9.350g(0.03mol)(6-aminonaphthalen-2-yl)boronic acid加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入400mL四氢呋喃(THF),再加入2mol/L的碳酸钾溶液75mL,并加入适量aliquat336,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至75℃后,加入0.020g四三苯基膦钯,回流反应24h,将反应液倒入水中,有大量沉淀析出。用漏斗抽滤,减压蒸去溶剂。产物以二氯甲烷∶正己烷=2∶1(体积比)为流动相硅胶为固定相作柱色谱提纯,收集产物并旋干,在90℃真空中干燥24h,得到目标产物7.524g,产率为75%。
聚酰亚胺的合成:
6,6',6”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(naphthalen-2-amine)1.0032g(2mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺8ml加入三口烧瓶中,通入氩气,升温至30℃,将3,3',4,4'-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)0.6444g(2mmol)溶解到8ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中用恒压滴液漏斗在1~2h均匀滴加入三口烧瓶中,然后继续反应16h。将所得超支化聚酰亚胺酸胶液刮涂在干燥洁净的玻璃板上,再将玻璃板置于真空烘箱中,抽真空,80下干燥3h,随后升温至120℃后恒温整个过程2h,从120℃升温至200℃后恒温整个过程2h,从200℃升温至350℃恒温整个过程1h,冷却、取出超支化聚酰亚胺膜,其结构式如下:
实施例6
N,N'-(5'-(4-(4-aminobenzamido)phenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-4,4”-diyl)bis(4-aminobenzamide)的合成:
S1.合成中间体N,N'-(5'-(4-(4-nitrobenzamido)phenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-4,4”-diyl)bis(4-nitrobenzamide):
将6.296(0.02mol)1,3,5-tribromobenzene和10.7270g(0.0375mol)(4-(4-nitrobenzamido)phenyl)boronic acid加入到500mL三口瓶中,四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂,再加入2mol/L的碳酸钾溶液56.25mL和适量Aliquat336,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至75℃后,加入0.020g四三苯基膦钯,回流反应24h后,将反应液倒入水中,有大量沉淀析出。用漏斗抽滤,减压蒸去溶剂。产物以二氯甲烷∶正己烷=2∶1(体积比)为流动相硅胶为固定相作柱色谱提纯,收集产物并旋干,在90℃真空中干燥24h,得到黄色固体,产率为75%。该中间体结构如下:
S2.合成N,N'-(5'-(4-(4-aminobenzamido)phenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-4,4”-diyl)bis(4-aminobenzamide)
将7.9875g(0.01mol)N,N'-(5'-(4-(4-nitrobenzamido)phenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-4,4”-diyl)bis(4-nitrobenzamide)加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入450mL无水乙醇,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至80℃后,加入10%wt的钯碳0.1g,并加入10mL水合肼,回流反应24h后,将反应液抽滤,将滤液冷结晶,抽滤所得滤饼80℃真空干燥24h,得到产物6.3793g,产率为90%。
聚酰亚胺的合成:
N,N'-(5'-(4-(4-aminobenzamido)phenyl)-[1,1':3',1”-terphenyl]-4,4”-diyl)bis(4-aminobenzamide)1.4176g(2mmol)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺5ml加入三口烧瓶中,通入氩气,升温至30℃,将六氟二酐(6FDA)0.8618g(1.94mmol)溶解到5.5mlN,N-二甲基乙酰胺中用恒压滴液漏斗在1~2h均匀滴加入三口烧瓶中,然后继续反应20h,然后加入6ml乙酸酐和2ml三乙胺升温至45℃继续反应14h,反应结束冷却到室温后出料在甲醇中,过滤,洗涤,重复2~3次,最后置于80℃真空干燥箱中干燥24h,得到红褐色的超支化聚酰亚胺聚合物,其结构式如下:
实施例7
7,7',7”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-amino-9H-fluoren-9-one)的合成:
S1.合成中间体7,7',7”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-nitro-9H-fluoren-9-one):
将6.296(0.02mol)1,3,5-tribromobenzene和10.0883g(0.0375mol)(7-nitro-9-oxo-9H-fluoren-2-yl)boronic acid加入到500mL三口瓶中,四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂,再加入2mol/L的碳酸钾溶液56.25mL和适量Aliquat336,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至75℃后,加入0.020g四三苯基膦钯,回流反应24h后,将反应液倒入水中,有大量沉淀析出。用漏斗抽滤,减压蒸去溶剂。产物以二氯甲烷∶正己烷=3∶1(体积比)为流动相硅胶为固定相作柱色谱提纯,收集产物并旋干,在90℃真空中干燥24h,得到黄色固体,产率为70%。该中间体结构如下:
S2.合成7,7',7”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-amino-9H-fluoren-9-one)
将7.4766g(0.01mol)7,7',7”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-nitro-9H-fluoren-9-one)加入到500mL三口瓶中,加入450mL无水乙醇,磁力搅拌并通氩气,油浴加热至80℃后,加入10%wt的钯碳0.1g,并加入10mL水合肼,回流反应30h后,将反应液抽滤,将滤液冷结晶,抽滤所得滤饼80℃真空干燥24h,得到产物5.9194g,产率为90%。
聚酰亚胺的合成:
7,7',7”-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-amino-9H-fluoren-9-one)0.6578g(1mmol)和四氢呋喃2ml加入三口烧瓶中,通入氩气,升温至30℃,将环丁烷四甲酸二酐(CBDA)0.2353g(1.2mmol)溶解到1.5ml四氢呋喃中用恒压滴液漏斗在1~2h均匀滴加入三口烧瓶中,然后继续反应18h。将所得超支化聚酰亚胺酸胶液刮涂在干燥洁净的玻璃板上,再将玻璃板置于真空烘箱中,抽真空,80下干燥3h,随后升温至120℃后恒温整个过程2h,从120℃升温至200℃后恒温整个过程2h,从200℃升温至350℃恒温整个过程1h,冷却、取出超支化聚酰亚胺膜,其结构式如下:
采用耐驰公司的差示扫描量热仪(DSC204)和TA公司的热重分析仪(Q50)分别对实施例1~7所制备的超支化聚酰亚胺进行玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和5%热失重温度(T5%)测试,测试结果如表1所示,超支化聚酰亚胺的溶解性能数据如表2所示。
表1超支化聚酰亚胺的热性能
表2超支化聚酰亚胺的溶解性
注:++代表室温可以完全溶解
从表1和表2可以看出,由本发明三胺单体制备的超支化聚酰亚胺具有高玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性,优异的溶解性。
本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细工艺设备和工艺流程,但本发明并不局限于上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种功能三胺单体,其特征在于,该单体结构如通式(I)所示:
其中,Ar1选自下列结构式中的一种:
优选地,所述Ar1选自
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能三胺单体,其特征在于,所述Ar2选自下列结构式中的一种:
优选地,所述Ar2选自中的一种。
3.权利要求1或2所述的功能三胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将三个卤原子取代的Ar1单体和含有一个硼酸和一个氨基取代的Ar2单体加入溶剂,通过Suzuki反应即得功能三胺单体;
或S1.将三个卤原子取代的Ar1单体和含有一个硼酸和一个硝基取代的Ar2单体加入溶剂,通过Suzuki反应得到单体1;
S2.将步骤S1中单体1加入到溶剂中,通过还原反应即得如结构通式(I)所示的功能三胺单体;
步骤S1中单体1具有如下结构特征:
4.根据权利要求3所述的功能三胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Suzuki反应过程中需要加入碱,搅拌并通保护气体,加热,加入催化剂,回流反应后提纯、干燥;所述还原反应过程需要搅拌并通保护气体,加热,加入催化剂和还原剂,回流反应后提纯、干燥。
5.根据权利要求4所述的功能三胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Suzuki反应中Ar1单体与Ar2单体的投料物质的量比为1︰1.5~1︰6;所述碱与Ar2单体的投料物质的量比为1︰1~1︰6;所述还原反应中单体1与还原剂的投料物质的量比为1︰2~1︰32。
6.根据权利要求4所述的功能三胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述保护气体为氮气,氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气、氡气中的一种或几种;所述碱为氢化钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氟化铯、正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇纳、六甲基二硅基胺基锂中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的功能三胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述溶剂为二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、1,4二氧六环、甲苯、二甲苯、丙酮、乙腈、水中的一种或几种;步骤S2中所述溶剂为乙醇、甲醇、正丙醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、乙醇、己醇、四氢呋喃、1,4二氧六环、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙酸乙酯、甲苯中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求4所述的功能三胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为Pd[PPh3]4、Pd(DPPF)Cl2、PdCl2(CH3CN)2、PdCl2、Pd(OAc)2、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2、钯碳中的一种或几种;所述还原剂为水合肼、甲酸铵、硼氢化钠、维生素C、柠檬酸钠、铁粉、锌粉中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求4所述的功能三胺单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热温度为50℃~170℃;所述回流反应时间为10~48h;所述干燥温度40℃~120℃;所述干燥时间为6~32h。
10.权利要求1~9任一项所述的功能三胺单体应用于合成超支化和功能化聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺或聚酯酰亚胺聚合物。
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