CN108975966A - A kind of flax organic fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of flax organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108975966A CN108975966A CN201811167417.1A CN201811167417A CN108975966A CN 108975966 A CN108975966 A CN 108975966A CN 201811167417 A CN201811167417 A CN 201811167417A CN 108975966 A CN108975966 A CN 108975966A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of flax organic fertilizers, and anaerobic fermentation forms after which is mixed by animal wastes with the flax dregs of fat, and the mass ratio of the animal wastes and the flax dregs of fat is 9:1 or 4:1.The present invention is mixed by different proportions using cow dung, grassland sheep dung, the flax dregs of fat, chicken manure as fermentation raw material, is fermented using anaerobic fermentation mode, had a significant impact to TN, TP, TK in organic fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer fields, and in particular to a kind of flax organic fertilizer.
Background technique
China is agricultural production big country, and the volume increase of crops about 40% relies on chemical fertilizer.In recent years, with applying quantity of chemical fertilizer
Increase, not only leads to soil hardening, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reduces rapidly, and also causes the serious pollution of agroecological environment.It is organic
Fertilizer can alleviate soil and lack the contradiction that phosphorus lacks nitrogen, significantly improve nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate, increase rich in many kinds of substance needed for plant growth
Add crop yield.Both organic and inorganic fertilizer matches the chief for applying collection the two, be superior in fertilizing soil and in terms of improving crop yield
The utilization efficiency of fertilizer not only can be improved in the effect being administered alone, and can also improve the physical structure of soil, improve crop
Water production efficiency is the important measures for guaranteeing stable crop yield and pushing agricultural sustainable development.It can be seen that having greatly developed
Machine fertilizer zymotechnique improves crop yield to soil texture is improved, and peasant economy is promoted to take in important in inhibiting.
Flax (Linseed) is also known as oil seed flax, is one of big oil crops in China five, and flaxseed and siritch have weight
The purposes wanted.Flax gum rich in flaxseed can cook food additives, cosmetics original powder, medical material etc..Siritch
It is a kind of high quality food oil, is rich in alpha-linolenic acid and various unsaturated fatty acids, has and promote human body intelligent, physical and mental health, prevent
The only important function such as cardiovascular disease, inhibition disease gene.With the pulling of edible oil consumption market, flax cultivated area is continuous
Expand, has been increasingly subject to the favor of peasant, and become the important crops of adjustment pattern of farming.But it is for a long time, thick due to planting
It puts, apply fertilizer unreasonable, Flax Output Index is low and unstable, and imbalance between supply and demand is becoming increasingly acute, and seriously threatens the health to China's flax industry
Development.
Flax is that more and intolerant to high nitrogen the crop of fertilizer is needed with the increase of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, not only to lead to soil in recent years
Earth is hardened, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reduces rapidly, and also causes the serious pollution of agroecological environment.Gao little Li etc. is on flax is applied fertilizer
Studies have shown that reasonable application chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer dramatically increase yield, amount of increase in production with Shi Junneng
24.9%~206.2%.The researchs such as Hou Jianying think that application of organic fertilizers is the major measure for improving Flax Output Index, can not only promote
Increase production into current year, and also ensures that second stubble crop increases production.In terms of organic fertilizer fermentation, a large amount of research is had also been made in forefathers.It pricks
The researchs such as Shi Pinchu are thought, during one time fermentation and secondary fermentation, the adjusting of moisture, C/N, temperature of material etc. is organic
The selection of material decomposing agent and functional microorganism microbial inoculum is the key that production technology.Wei Liang result of study thinks, compost starting material
The situation of material is the key that its success fermentation at elevated temperatures.The moisture control of initial material is between 50%~60%, carbon nitrogen
Than controlling the raw material 35 or so, in the case where environment temperature is the situation of natural temperature, can succeed fermentation at elevated temperatures.Luo Yanli etc. is ground
Study carefully discovery, the temperature height of heap body is mainly influenced by ambient temperature in composting process.If ambient temperature is lower, heap temperature
It cannot heat up very well, will affect gas production.He Lihong is the study found that the pH value fermented under normal circumstances is natural equilibrium mistake
Journey does not need generally to be adjusted.Only in the case that ingredient management improperly just will appear volatile acid and largely accumulate, under pH value
Drop.With beautiful jade etc. the study found that using the high temperatures microorganism in agent of straw becoming quickly decomposed by puffed soybean, feces of livestock and poultry or stalk, turf
Equal organic matters, layer quick composting at organic fertilizer, this organic fertilizer contain a large amount of microorganism, organic matter, humus and
Then mycoprotein (is not higher than 48 DEG C) at normal temperature and adds a certain amount of inorganic fertilizer and microelement, will be inorganic with organic fertilizer
" package " gets up, and granular fertilizer is made, and the inorganic total content of this seed manure is that 25% (wherein the different amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are by fertilizer application formula
Determine), organic moiety total content is 25% or more.
In conclusion the influence and fermentation technology for organic fertilizer research in relation to organic fertilizer to Flax Output Index and quality have report
Road, but related different ratios of raw materials carries out anaerobic fermentation production flax organic fertilizer technology and is also rarely reported.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of flax organic fertilizers.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of flax organic fertilizer, anaerobic fermentation forms after which is mixed by animal wastes with the flax dregs of fat, institute
The mass ratio for stating animal wastes and the flax dregs of fat is 9:1 or 4:1.The animal wastes be one of cow dung, sheep dung, chicken manure or
Several mixtures.
Preferably, which is formed by anaerobic fermentation after the raw material mixing of following mass percent:
Cow dung 80%；The flax dregs of fat 20%.
Preferably, which is formed by anaerobic fermentation after the raw material mixing of following mass percent:
Sheep dung 80%；The flax dregs of fat 20%.
Preferably, which is formed by anaerobic fermentation after the raw material mixing of following mass percent:
Cow dung 40%；Sheep dung 40%；Chicken manure 10%；The flax dregs of fat 10%.
Preferably, which is formed by anaerobic fermentation after the raw material mixing of following mass percent:
Cow dung 40%；Sheep dung 40%；The flax dregs of fat 20%.
Above scheme is mixed by different proportions, is adopted using cow dung, grassland sheep dung, the flax dregs of fat, chicken manure as fermentation raw material
It is fermented with anaerobic fermentation mode, TN, TP, TK in organic fertilizer is had a significant impact.
Detailed description of the invention
Heap temperature changes in Fig. 1 flax organic fertilizer anaerobic fermentation process.
PH value changes in Fig. 2 flax organic fertilizer anaerobic fermentation process.
The variation of total solids content (TS) in Fig. 3 flax organic fertilizer anaerobic fermentation process.
The full potassium of Fig. 4 (TK) changes of contents.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
Embodiment
Fermentation raw material
Experiment is former using cow dung, grassland sheep dung, Dry chick faeces, the flax dregs of fat, anaerobic fermentation of biological microbial inoculum as fermentation substrate
Material is rolled, is sieved, and is matched according to table 1 as sample after being filtered to remove the bulks impurity such as dry branches and fallen leaves, sandstone roughly.
1 flax organic fertilizer of table proportion
(note: "-" expression is not added in table, and "+" indicates addition)
Method
Experiment uses batch fermentation process, is mixed according to the fertilizer ratio in table 1, and pack anaerobic fermentation work is utilized
Skill is disposably inoculated with according to 25Kg bags of specifications and feeds intake, and does not add new feed liquid in operation cycle.Sample horizontal is sent out at room temperature
Ferment, 10 processing, 3 groups of repetitions.And it is inserted into the thermometer that specification is 35 DEG C in every bag of fermentation material central part, for monitoring heap body
The daily temperature change in middle layer, while room temperature is recorded daily.Secondly every 6d takes a sample, measures pH, total solids content respectively
(TS), full nitrogen (TN), full phosphorus (TP), full potassium (TK).
The measuring method of each index
The measurement of temperature
From fermentation, daily 12 noon 10 divides the temperature reading for reading fermentation bag center, and records same day room
Temperature indicates that fermentation terminates substantially until temperature stops recording when being held essentially constant at this time, records 42 days temperature values altogether.
The measurement of pH
PH meter is demarcated first, and sampling adds a small amount of distilled water to dilute, measure its temperature, set on pH meter if concentration is higher
Determine temperature-compensating, the measurement of pH value can be carried out.
The measurement of total solid (TS) content
It weighs analysis 5~10g of sample to be contained in oneself and know in the weighing bottle of weight, 4~6h is first dried at 50~60 DEG C, makes big portion
It after dividing moisture evaporation, then heats at 100~105 DEG C, dries to constant weight.
As a result it calculates such as formula:
W1 in formula: the sample weight (g) before drying；
W2: the sample weight (g) after drying.
The measurement of full nitrogen
The method used when surveying total nitrogen content is sulfuric acid-salicylic acid-catalyst digestion method.
Full phosphorus yield
The method used when surveying content of tatal phosphorus is H2SO4-HNO3Disappear and boils-vanadium molybdenum Huang colorimetric method.
The measurement of full potassium
The method used when surveying full potassium content is H2SO4-HNO3Disappear and boils-flame spectrometry.
As a result with analysis
Heap temperature changes in flax organic fertilizer anaerobic fermentation process
As seen from Figure 1, during the entire process of flax organic fertilizer ferments, the entire change of heap temperature and room
Same trend is presented in temperature.At fermentation initial stage, heap body middle layer temperature and room temperature are almost the same.With the progress of fermentation, heap temperature
It is gradually increasing, to fermentation 20d, heap body middle layer temperature starts above room temperature, and middle layer temperature is higher by 2 DEG C than room temperature.Ferment 39d,
Heap temperature and room temperature difference maximum are up to 7 DEG C.In the fermentation middle and later periods, temperature change shows themselves in that heap temperature > room temperature.Due to whole
Room temperature is at 13.8~22.6 DEG C in a fermentation process, and there is no substantial increases for heap temperature, and middle layer temperature is 12.2~26.5
DEG C, so entire composting process is mainly based on cold fermentation.As it can be seen that using normal temperature anaerobic fermentation mode, the fermentation temperature of fertilizer
The temperature of degree and yeasting has substantial connection.
PH value changes in flax organic fertilizer anaerobic fermentation process
As seen from Figure 2, the variation of pH value is unstable in fermentation process, and fermentation 18d~30d amplitude of variation is larger,
Ferment 18d, and pH value sharp fall, the pH value respectively handled at the same time reaches the minimum in entire fermentation process,
The pH value of middle OZ6 processing and the pH value difference of OZ1 processing reach 1.99；24d, the pH value respectively handled are gradually increasing again, wherein
The pH value amplification of OZ10 processing is maximum, and fermentation 30d ratio fermentation 24d rises 36.7%；The pH value of 30d, OZ1 processing reaches
To the peak value of entire fermentation process, up to 8.80.Since the 30d that ferments, the pH value variation respectively handled is steady, wherein at OZ6
Reason, which changes, floats minimum, is held essentially constant, and ferment 42d, the pH value highest of OZ4 processing, reaches 8.50, and OZ9 processing
PH value is minimum, has reached 6.83.In general, the pH value of OZ7 processing maintains essentially in 6.8~7.4, handles optimum compared with other
Anaerobic fermentation.
The variation of total solids content (TS) in flax organic fertilizer anaerobic fermentation process
As seen from Figure 3, the variation that " liter-drop-is steady " is presented in TS in the entire fermentation process of flax organic fertilizer becomes
Gesture, ferment 6d, and the TS respectively handled is begun to ramp up, and the TS that fermentation 12d is respectively handled starts entire lowering again, and ferment 18d,
The TS value respectively handled all starts to tend to be steady, until all basic held stationary of TS value that fermentation ends are respectively handled is constant.Fermentation the
The TS of 12d, OZ1 processing reaches the whole peak value of fermentation, and TS ratio fermentation 6d rises 31.04%, and OZ3 processing ferments the
12d ratio fermentation 6d only rises 13.3%, and the TS highest of OZ10 processing, it is higher than OZ1 processing to reach 56.03% when fermentation ends
Out 14.26%.
Nutrient changes in flax organic fertilizer anaerobic fermentation process
Full nitrogen (TN) changes of contents
As shown in Table 2, flax organic fertilizer fermentation 6d, OZ7, OZ9 processing significant difference compared with other each processing；
Ferment 12d, and OZ6, OZ7, OZ9, OZ10 processing difference compared with other each processing reach the level of signifiance, and wherein OZ6 is handled
TN content rises 140.02% compared with 6d；Ferment 18d, and OZ6, OZ9 processing difference compared with other processing reach the level of signifiance,
And OZ6 processing compared with the TN content that OZ9 handle be higher by 10.58%, OZ5 processing with it is other it is each processing compared with presentation significant difference；
Ferment 24d, and OZ6 processing is not significant with OZ7, OZ9 processing difference but significant with other processing differences；Ferment 30d,
36d, 42d, OZ9 processing is significant with other processing differences, and total nitrogen content is on a declining curve, the lower 42d and 6d that ferments of OZ9 processing
It compares, total nitrogen content has dropped 26.18%.Comprehensive entire fermentation process discovery, OZ6, OZ10 processing are after fermentation, full nitrogen
Content rises 18.75%, 2.5% respectively, but the total nitrogen content of other processing is on a declining curve, it can be seen that, OZ6,
OZ10 processing total nitrogen content in anaerobic fermentation process increases.
The different organic fertilizers of table 2 handle the influence (%) to total nitrogen content in fermentation process
Note: in 0.05 horizontal upper significant difference between different lowercase expression processing, similarly hereinafter.
Full phosphorus (TP) changes of contents
As shown in Table 3, ferment 6d, and OZ4 processing and OZ1, OZ3, OZ7 processing TP content difference are significant, wherein at compared with OZ7
Reason is higher by 65.6%；Ferment 12d, and OZ4 processing is handled with OZ5, OZ7, OZ8 without significant difference, but equal with other processing differences
Up to the level of signifiance；Ferment 18d, and the fertilizer TP content of OZ4 processing is higher by 125% compared with OZ2 and OZ9 processing；Ferment 24d,
OZ1 processing is significant with OZ3, OZ4, OZ5, OZ6 processing difference；The TP content of the 30d~42d in fermentation later period, OZ1, OZ4 processing
It is on a declining curve, have dropped 61.5%, 56.3% respectively compared with the 6d that ferments, but rising is presented in the TP content of OZ10 processing
Trend rises 66.7% compared with the 30d that ferments.In conclusion discovery OZ1, OZ4 processing TP in all processing contains quantitative change
Change significantly, relatively fermentation 6d, TP content increase after fermentation for OZ3 processing, and other processing are declined.
The different organic fertilizers of table 3 handle the influence (%) to content of tatal phosphorus in fermentation process
Full potassium (TK) changes of contents
As seen from Figure 4, TK content is held essentially constant before and after the fermentation of flax organic fertilizer, and ferment 12d, respectively
The TK content of processing starts to be decreased obviously, until 18d, the TK content respectively handled starts slowly to rise again, and ferment 36d, everywhere
The TK content of reason goes back up to the level at fermentation initial stage substantially, and wherein TK changes of contents amplitude is larger during the fermentation for OZ9 processing,
Ferment 12d, and TK content is down to 1.30%, and 2.64% than fermentation 6d has dropped 50.75%, significant difference；And OZ4 is handled
The amplitude of variation of TK content is smaller in entire fermentation process, wherein 6d only has dropped 4% than 12d.OZ7 processing is being fermented
The TK content of 6d is equal with the 36d of fermentation ends, comprehensive analysis, and discovery anaerobic fermentation influences not the TK content of fertilizer
Greatly.
Conclusion and discussion
Studies have shown that in composting process, the temperature height of heap body is mainly influenced by ambient temperature Luo Yanli etc..He Li
It is red the study found that normal temperature fermentation feed liquid temperature changes with season temperature change.It is consistent with this experimental studies results, room temperature anaerobism
Fermentation is affected by yeasting temperature, and yeasting temperature is low, and fermentation slowly, must make heating treatment；Yeasting temperature
Height, fermentation are rapid.It can be seen that temperature plays an important role to the success or not of organic fertilizer fermentation.
Studies have found that the optimum pH of anaerobic fermentation is 6.8~7.4.He Lihong the study found that send out under normal circumstances
The pH value of ferment is natural equilibrium process, does not need generally to be adjusted.Only in the case that ingredient management improperly just will appear
Volatile acid largely accumulates, pH value decline.This is similar to this experimental studies results, 18d before fermenting, the pH value amplitude of fluctuation respectively handled
It is smaller, and 18d~30d amplitude of variation after the beginning of fermentation becomes larger suddenly, may with after continuous rainfall during this, rain
Water enters in fermentation bag, and pH value is caused to decline suddenly.Simultaneously it has also been found that the pH value of OZ7 processing maintains essentially in 6.8~7.4, symbol
The life condition for closing anaerobic fermentation microorganism, finds in conjunction with fertilizer ratio analysis, and OZ7 processing is using 80% sheep dung and 20% Hu
Sesame oil cake mixes, it was accordingly found that sheep dung and the flax dregs of fat are suitble to using normal temperature anaerobic fermentation technique, and answers in fermentation process
Stringent control pH value, real-time monitoring, in time adjust, guarantee that its is free from the influence of the external environment as far as possible, guarantee fermentation it is normal into
Row.
He Lihong research discovery material its total solids content after fermentation is lower, this and this experimental studies results one
Cause, when fermentation proceeds to 12d, the TS value in fertilizer reaches peak value, hereafter TS begin to decline and persistently maintain 45%~
54%.Illustrate that the 12d fermentation after fermentation starts peaks the phase, the dry matter of fertilizer reaches optimum level.Concrete application
In the process, it should be depended on the circumstances according to the soil moisture content in applied region, can voluntarily control fermentation number of days, most preferably be applied to reach
Fertilizer efficiency fruit.
And this experimental studies have found that, soil fertility quality under different ratios of raw materials uses anaerobic fermentation technology, in fermentation process
There were significant differences for middle shown TN, TP, TK content, and for TN content, 43d is than 6d for OZ6, OZ10 processing fermentation,
Total nitrogen content rises 18.75%, 2.5% respectively, but the total nitrogen content of other processing is declined, and is shown at OZ6, OZ10
Total nitrogen content is higher after haircut ferment.In conjunction with raw material proportioning find 80% cow dung and the 20% flax dregs of fat respectively and 40% cow dung,
The flax organic fertilizer TN content that 40% sheep dung, 10% chicken manure, the 10% flax dregs of fat mix is significant compared with other processing differences；
Fertilizer TP content is all remarkably higher than other processing during the lower fermentation of OZ1, OZ4, OZ6 processing, in conjunction with raw material proportioning discovery OZ1,
The cow dung for containing at least 80% in OZ4, OZ6 processing, shows that cow dung is affected to the TP content of organic fertilizer；Luo Yanli research
It was found that microorganism is during the fermentation, there is certain demand to nitrogen and phosphorus, less to potassium element requirement, K also seldom participates in organic
The degradation process of object, therefore, TK content change unobvious in entire fermentation.This is almost the same with the result of study of this experiment,
The study show that the TK content respectively handled does not show notable difference, the TK content that fermentation 12d is respectively handled in earlier fermentation
It begins to decline, 18d gradually gos up again, and TK content is substantially equal with earlier fermentation when fermentation ends, handles performance most with OZ7 especially
To be obvious, the analysis of combining with fermentation raw material proportioning finds this processing containing 80% grassland sheep dung and the 20% flax dregs of fat, processing
OZ9 TK content before and after fermentation also changes smaller, and amplitude of variation is only 0.05%, analyzes in conjunction with raw material proportioning, finds this processing
Also containing 40% grassland sheep dung and the 20% flax dregs of fat, thus speculate grassland sheep dung, the flax dregs of fat to potassium in anaerobic fermentation
The influence of content is significant.
In conclusion mixing, adopting by different proportions using cow dung, grassland sheep dung, the flax dregs of fat, chicken manure as fermentation raw material
It is fermented with anaerobic fermentation mode, TN, TP, TK in organic fertilizer is had a significant impact, wherein OZ1, OZ4, OZ6 processing is complete
Nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus are significantly higher than other processing, and the full potassium content of OZ7, OZ9 processing is higher, find in conjunction with fertilizer ratio, cow dung pair
N, P element in Anaerobically fermented organic fertilizer material are affected, and sheep dung, the flax dregs of fat are to the K element in Anaerobically fermented organic fertilizer material
It is affected.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of flax organic fertilizer, it is characterised in that: anaerobism is sent out after the special fertilizer is mixed by animal wastes with the flax dregs of fat
Ferment forms, and the mass ratio of the animal wastes and the flax dregs of fat is 9:1 or 4:1.
2. a kind of flax organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the animal wastes be cow dung, sheep dung,
The mixture of one or more of chicken manure.
3. a kind of flax organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the special fertilizer is by following mass percent
Raw material mixing after anaerobic fermentation form:
Cow dung 80%；The flax dregs of fat 20%.
4. a kind of flax organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the special fertilizer is by following mass percent
Raw material mixing after anaerobic fermentation form:
Sheep dung 80%；The flax dregs of fat 20%.
5. a kind of flax organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the special fertilizer is by following mass percent
Raw material mixing after anaerobic fermentation form:
Cow dung 40%；Sheep dung 40%；Chicken manure 10%；The flax dregs of fat 10%.
6. a kind of flax organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the special fertilizer is by following mass percent
Raw material mixing after anaerobic fermentation form:
Cow dung 40%；Sheep dung 40%；The flax dregs of fat 20%.
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2018
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Application publication date: 20181211 |