CN108934756A - A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius Download PDFInfo
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- CN108934756A CN108934756A CN201810714688.8A CN201810714688A CN108934756A CN 108934756 A CN108934756 A CN 108934756A CN 201810714688 A CN201810714688 A CN 201810714688A CN 108934756 A CN108934756 A CN 108934756A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, including bacteria stick preparation, inoculation, covering, mushroom producing culture, management of producing mushroom, harvesting.Delicious lactarius cultural method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and fruiting is stablized, and yield is high, and annual output is up to 500~615kg/ mus；Fructification piece shape is rectified, is uniform in size, bacterium emits fleshy hypertrophy, matter is tender delicious, give off a strong fragrance nutritive value height, and quality is high, improves the income of farmer, realize that delicious lactarius yield is high, quality is good, it increased income for farmer, create benefit, promote the economic development in planting edible mushroom area, with good economic efficiency and ecological benefits；Culture material is made using life, trade waste, reduces the cost of culture material, and can turn waste into wealth, planting cost is reduced, protects ecological environment；To delicious lactarius offer and the comparable growing environment of wild mushroom condition, the delicious lactarius nutritive value cultivated is suitable with wild mushroom, improves the nutritive value of delicious lactarius.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of edible fungi cultivation more particularly to a kind of cultural methods of delicious lactarius.
Background technique
Delicious lactarius, Classification system: Lactarius deliciosus, category Russulaceae, Lactarius, also known as delicious delicious lactarius,
Pine tree mushroom, loose bacterium, fir tree mushroom, cogongrass mushroom are a kind of well received delicious edible mushrooms.Fructification is medium to large-scale, and cap is flat
Hemispherical, peeled shrimp color, carrot yellow or darkorange, just band is white for bacterial context, rear to become carrot yellow.Amount of milk is few, salmon pink, bacterium
Pleat is homochromy with cap, and stem is close cylindrical and tapered to base portion, and the single life in summer and autumn ground in broad-leaf forest or all living creatures form bacterium
Root.It is edible.Taste is soft, and rear taste is slightly pungent, and taste is good.Widely distributed in China, often yield is big, convenient for collecting, processing, sells
It sells.This bacterium is ectotrophic mycorrhiza, can form mycorhiza with loose shirt, iron shirt, cold shirt, Pinuns densata horse hair.It can be seen that delicious lactarius is one
The wide rare edible and medical fungi of kind development prospect.Some high-grade hotels domestic at present and electric business market can see delicious lactarius recipe
Or hard-cover merchandise sales, demand are quite big.And Chinese Wild delicious lactarius is changed by bad environments and is artificially adopted wantonly at present
Digging influences, and wild delicious lactarius yield sharply reduces, and is often only about 10 tons of production, and the every year output of artificial cultivation is no more than 500 tons, and
Global delicious lactarius aggregate demand is estimated more than 100,000 tons, therefore, has only been far from satisfying society by acquiring wild delicious lactarius
Demand, and off-season cultivation delicious lactarius surely brings good economic well-being of workers and staff.The delicious lactarius market supply in Guizhou Province all relies on
In wild acquisition, local farmers are substantially at disordered state to the harvesting of delicious lactarius, cause in recent years delicious lactarius yield substantially subtract
It is few even to have no harvest, and this trend is being further exacerbated by.In addition delicious lactarius is multi-field in food, health care product, medication chemistry etc.
Have broad application prospects, be edible fungus of the Chinese main exit to European countries such as France, and with moral, method,
The country such as meaning, beauty increases the demand of delicious lactarius, and price is constantly soaring.But since delicious lactarius artificial cultivation difficulty is big,
Artificial cultivation progress is slow, it is far from satisfying the domestic demand with international market to wild delicious lactarius, and due to close
Wild delicious lactarius is excavated in transition over year, seriously destroys bio-diversity and the forest, Grassland ecosystems balance of delicious lactarius.Cause
This, the artificial or Semi-artificial cultivation technology of delicious lactarius is always the hot spot of international edible mushroom research, and experiment in cultivation occasionally has success, but
Its poor repeatability, fruiting is unstable, low output, can not carry out commercialization cultivation.Therefore, the high yield of delicious lactarius people of fine quality is studied
Work cultivation then has huge market prospects and economic benefit, ecological benefits, simultaneously for the exploitation for reducing wild mushrooms, protection
Ecological environment has great importance.
Have at present about delicious lactarius cultivation technique, but public technology is relatively high to cultivation matrix quality requirement, also
One batch of mushroom can only be gone out；In addition, cultivation technique is relative complex, farmer is difficult to operate, and fruiting be not it is very stable, cause to produce
Cost is very high, greatly hits the plantation enthusiasm of farmer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, provide a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius.Delicious lactarius cultivation of the present invention
Method is simple, easy to operate, and farmer is readily appreciated that and operates, and fruiting is stablized, and yield is high, is easy to carry out commercialization cultivation
Training；Annual output is up to 500~615kg/ mus, and gained delicious lactarius fructification piece shape is rectified, is uniform in size, and bacterium emits fleshy hypertrophy, matter
It is tender delicious, it gives off a strong fragrance, very tasty and refreshing, nutritive value is high, and quality is high, improves the income of farmer.Bacteria stick used is cultivated to adopt
It is made with the lives such as cotton seed hulls, bagasse, wheat bran, Chinese medicine slag, fowl and animal excrement, straw, trade waste of raw material, reduces cultivation
The cost for training material, and can turn waste into wealth, and the effect of waste be performed to ultimate attainment, reduce planting cost, protect life
State environment.In the course of cultivation to delicious lactarius analogy vocal music, perfumes, control temperature and humidity and day and night temperature, delicious lactarius is given
Offer and the comparable growing environment of wild mushroom condition, the delicious lactarius nutritive value cultivated is suitable with wild mushroom, improves pine
The nutritive value of newborn mushroom.
In order to reach purpose described above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, comprising the following steps:
(1) bacteria stick prepares: cultivation matrix being uniformly mixed, compost fermentation, is sterilized, bacteria stick is made in pack；
(2) it is inoculated with: in gnotobasis, " t " groove is outputed in bacteria stick, when bacteria stick is cooled to 30~36 DEG C, control
Then temperature, relative air humidity are inoculated with delicious lactarius strain in " t " groove；
(3) it covers: covering sterile vegetative soil in " t " groove for being inoculated with delicious lactarius strain, it is outer around bacteria stick, it is covered with
Mulch, then weeds and pine needle are covered on mulch；
(4) mushroom producing culture: the bacteria stick that step (3) is covered, which is sent into culturing room, carries out mushroom producing culture；
(5) bacteria stick: being sent into mushroom house after fruiting and carry out management of producing mushroom by management of producing mushroom, control the temperature of mushroom house, humidity,
Intensity of illumination adjusts mushroom house day and night temperature, in " t " groove and when surrounding has hypha form, removes mulch and retains weeds
With pine needle by delicious lactarius continued growth；
(6) harvest: after 5~10d of sporophore growth, fructification surface, which is begun with when a small amount of white conidia powder occurs, to be reached into
Ripe standard is harvested in time, is neatly cut off with cutter from the junction of stem base portion and soil, and mature one harvests one, often
Its morning and afternoon respectively pick 1 time.
Further, in step (1), the cultivation matrix is made of raw material from the following weight: pine sawdust 100~150
Part, 100~150 parts of pine needle, 95~145 parts of the pinecone, 225~285 parts of pine forest soil, 220~280 parts of cotton seed hulls, bagasse 180~
250 parts, 165~225 parts of wheat bran, 165~225 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 155~205 parts of fowl and animal excrement, 155~205 parts of straw, carbonic acid
20~50 parts of calcium, 20~50 parts of calcium superphosphate.
Further, in step (1), the temperature of the compost fermentation is 55~62 DEG C, and the time is 35~43d.
Further, in step (1), the temperature of the sterilizing is 120~126 DEG C, and pressure is 1.01~1.05MPa, when
Between be 27~33min.
Further, in step (2), the temperature control is 26~32 DEG C, and relative air humidity control is 60~70%.
Further, in step (3), the weeds and pine needle with a thickness of 3~6cm；The Nutrition Soil is biphosphate
Potassium, compound fertilizer and sandy loam mixture, and ratio=1:0.2~0.8:2 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sandy loam.
Further, in step (4), the temperature of the mushroom producing culture is 22~28 DEG C, relative air humidity is 50~
60%, the time is 23~28d.
It further, further include playing vocal music, the broadcasting vocal music to delicious lactarius are as follows: every in step (4) and step (5)
Its 6:00~8:00 plays chirping of birds vocal music, and play cicada the dusk 17:00~18:30 and tweedle is happy, and evening, 9:00~11:00 was broadcast
The put out to graze frog and tweedle is happy.
It further, further include giving delicious lactarius perfumes in step (4) and step (5), the perfume is flowers extraction
Object, the perfume are primary every 5h sprinkling.
Further, in step (5), the time of the management of producing mushroom is 65~73d；The temperature control of the mushroom house is 25
~32 DEG C, relative air humidity control is 45~55%, and intensity of illumination control is 300~500Lux, and day and night temperature control is 15
~20 DEG C.
Since present invention employs above technical schemes, have the advantages that
(1) delicious lactarius cultural method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and farmer is readily appreciated that and operates, and fruiting is steady
Fixed, yield is high, is easy to carry out commercialization cultivation.
(2) cultural method annual output of the present invention is up to 500~615kg/ mus, and gained delicious lactarius fructification piece shape is rectified, is big
Small uniformly bacterium emits fleshy hypertrophy, and matter is tender delicious, gives off a strong fragrance, and very tasty and refreshing, nutritive value is high, and quality is high, improves farmer
Income, realize that delicious lactarius yield is high, quality is good, increased income for farmer, create benefit, the economy in planting edible mushroom area is promoted to send out
Exhibition, with good economic efficiency and ecological benefits.
(3) it is raw using cotton seed hulls, bagasse, wheat bran, Chinese medicine slag, fowl and animal excrement, straw etc. to cultivate bacteria stick used by the present invention
Living, trade waste is made of raw material, reduces the cost of culture material, and can turn waste into wealth, and the effect of waste is sent out
It waves ultimate attainment, reduces planting cost, protect ecological environment.
(4) present invention suppose vocal music, perfumes to delicious lactarius in the course of cultivation, controls temperature and humidity and round the clock temperature
Difference provides and the comparable growing environment of wild mushroom condition, the delicious lactarius nutritive value cultivated and wild mushroom phase to delicious lactarius
When improving the nutritive value of delicious lactarius.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below, but the invention is not limited to these realities
Mode is applied, it is claimed to still fall within the claims in the present invention for any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit
Range.
Embodiment 1
Experiment place: 18, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province village of township of county canopy, 18.26 mu of the gross area.
A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, comprising the following steps:
(1) bacteria stick prepares: cultivation matrix being uniformly mixed, compost fermentation, is sterilized, bacteria stick is made in pack；The cultivation base
Matter is made of raw material from the following weight: 100 parts of pine sawdust, 100 parts of pine needle, 95 parts of the pinecone, pine forest native 225 parts, cotton seed hulls 220
Part, crosses phosphorus at 180 parts of bagasse, 165 parts of wheat bran, 165 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 155 parts of fowl and animal excrement, 155 parts of straw, 20 parts of calcium carbonate
20 parts of sour calcium；The temperature of the compost fermentation is 55 DEG C, time 35d；The temperature of the sterilizing is 120 DEG C, and pressure is
1.01MPa, time 27min；
(2) it is inoculated with: in gnotobasis, " t " groove is outputed in bacteria stick, when bacteria stick is cooled to 30 DEG C, control temperature,
Then relative air humidity is inoculated with delicious lactarius strain in " t " groove；The temperature control is 26 DEG C, and air is relatively wet
Degree control is 60%；
(3) it covers: covering sterile vegetative soil in " t " groove for being inoculated with delicious lactarius strain, it is outer around bacteria stick, it is covered with
Mulch, then weeds and pine needle are covered on mulch；The weeds and pine needle with a thickness of 3cm；The Nutrition Soil is biphosphate
Potassium, compound fertilizer and sandy loam mixture, and ratio=1:0.2:2 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sandy loam；
(4) mushroom producing culture: the bacteria stick that step (3) is covered, which is sent into culturing room, carries out mushroom producing culture；The fruiting training
Feeding temperature is 22 DEG C, relative air humidity 50%, time 23d；
(5) bacteria stick: being sent into mushroom house after fruiting and carry out management of producing mushroom by management of producing mushroom, control the temperature of mushroom house, humidity,
Intensity of illumination adjusts mushroom house day and night temperature, in " t " groove and when surrounding has hypha form, removes mulch and retains weeds
With pine needle by delicious lactarius continued growth；The time of the management of producing mushroom is 65d；The temperature control of the mushroom house is 25 DEG C, air
Relative humidity control is 45%, and intensity of illumination control is 300Lux, and day and night temperature control is 15 DEG C；
(6) harvest: after sporophore growth 5d, fructification surface, which is begun with when a small amount of white conidia powder occurs, reaches mature mark
Standard is harvested in time, is neatly cut off with cutter from the junction of stem base portion and soil, and mature one harvests one, early daily
Morning and afternoon respectively pick 1 time.
It further, further include playing vocal music, the broadcasting vocal music to delicious lactarius are as follows: every in step (4) and step (5)
Its 6:00~8:00 plays chirping of birds vocal music, and play cicada the dusk 17:00~18:30 and tweedle is happy, and evening, 9:00~11:00 was broadcast
The put out to graze frog and tweedle is happy；It further include giving delicious lactarius perfumes, the perfume is floral extract, and the perfume is every 5h
Sprinkling is primary.
Quantity is occurred to fructification in canopy and is successively investigated in August in 2017 6 days, December 8, April 15 respectively, is adjusted
Look into the result shows that, the total quantity of each canopy every season fructification of 18 canopies be respectively 46~51/m2, 43~52/m2, 63~
71/m2, the anniversary fructification quantity be 133~182/m2, fructification piece shape is proper, uniform in size, bacterium emits perimeter average 3
~4.0cm, bacterium emit long 2.5~3.5cm, stem 1~1.5cm of perimeter, the long 1~2cm of stem, and the annual output of each canopy is about
533.24~596.77kg/ mus.The whole year production in 1 year three season is realized, and obtains high yield.
Embodiment 2
Experiment place: 18, Springs in Kaili, Guizhou village of Rongjiang County township canopy, 18.76 mu of the gross area.
A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, comprising the following steps:
(1) bacteria stick prepares: cultivation matrix being uniformly mixed, compost fermentation, is sterilized, bacteria stick is made in pack；The cultivation base
Matter is made of raw material from the following weight: 150 parts of pine sawdust, 150 parts of pine needle, 145 parts of the pinecone, pine forest native 285 parts, cotton seed hulls
280 parts, 250 parts of bagasse, 225 parts of wheat bran, 225 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 205 parts of fowl and animal excrement, 205 parts of straw, 50 parts of calcium carbonate, mistake
50 parts of calcium phosphate；The temperature of the compost fermentation is 62 DEG C, time 43d；The temperature of the sterilizing is 126 DEG C, and pressure is
1.05MPa, time 33min；
(2) it is inoculated with: in gnotobasis, " t " groove is outputed in bacteria stick, when bacteria stick is cooled to 36 DEG C, control temperature,
Then relative air humidity is inoculated with delicious lactarius strain in " t " groove；The temperature control is 32 DEG C, and air is relatively wet
Degree control is 70%；
(3) it covers: covering sterile vegetative soil in " t " groove for being inoculated with delicious lactarius strain, it is outer around bacteria stick, it is covered with
Mulch, then weeds and pine needle are covered on mulch；The weeds and pine needle with a thickness of 6cm；The Nutrition Soil is biphosphate
Potassium, compound fertilizer and sandy loam mixture, and ratio=1:0.8:2 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sandy loam；
(4) mushroom producing culture: the bacteria stick that step (3) is covered, which is sent into culturing room, carries out mushroom producing culture；The fruiting training
Feeding temperature is 28 DEG C, relative air humidity 60%, time 28d；
(5) bacteria stick: being sent into mushroom house after fruiting and carry out management of producing mushroom by management of producing mushroom, control the temperature of mushroom house, humidity,
Intensity of illumination adjusts mushroom house day and night temperature, in " t " groove and when surrounding has hypha form, removes mulch and retains weeds
With pine needle by delicious lactarius continued growth；The time of the management of producing mushroom is 73d；The temperature control of the mushroom house is 32 DEG C, air
Relative humidity control is 55%, and intensity of illumination control is 500Lux, and day and night temperature control is 20 DEG C；
(6) harvest: after sporophore growth 10d, fructification surface, which is begun with when a small amount of white conidia powder occurs, reaches mature
Standard is harvested in time, is neatly cut off with cutter from the junction of stem base portion and soil, and mature one harvests one, daily
Morning and afternoon respectively pick 1 time.
It further, further include playing vocal music, the broadcasting vocal music to delicious lactarius are as follows: every in step (4) and step (5)
Its 6:00~8:00 plays chirping of birds vocal music, and play cicada the dusk 17:00~18:30 and tweedle is happy, and evening, 9:00~11:00 was broadcast
The put out to graze frog and tweedle is happy；It further include giving delicious lactarius perfumes, the perfume is floral extract, and the perfume is every 5h
Sprinkling is primary.
Quantity occurs to fructification in canopy on June 26th, 2017, October 13,25 days 2 months respectively successively to investigate,
The survey showed that, and the total quantity of each canopy every season fructification of 18 canopies is respectively 42~48/m2, 42~53/m2、61
~70/m2, the anniversary fructification quantity be 132~186/m2, it is average that fructification piece shape is proper, uniform in size, bacterium emits perimeter
3~4.0cm, bacterium emit long 2.5~3.5cm, stem 1~1.5cm of perimeter, the long 1~2cm of stem, and the annual output of each canopy is about
512.78~573.19kg/ mus.The whole year production in 1 year three season is realized, and obtains high yield.
Embodiment 3
Experiment place: 18, village of township of Guangxi province county of Nanning City canopy, 20.03 mu of the gross area.
A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, comprising the following steps:
(1) bacteria stick prepares: cultivation matrix being uniformly mixed, compost fermentation, is sterilized, bacteria stick is made in pack；The cultivation base
Matter is made of raw material from the following weight: 110 parts of pine sawdust, 110 parts of pine needle, 105 parts of the pinecone, pine forest native 235 parts, cotton seed hulls
230 parts, 200 parts of bagasse, 175 parts of wheat bran, 175 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 165 parts of fowl and animal excrement, 165 parts of straw, 30 parts of calcium carbonate, mistake
30 parts of calcium phosphate；The temperature of the compost fermentation is 56 DEG C, time 36d；The temperature of the sterilizing is 122 DEG C, and pressure is
1.02MPa, time 28min；
(2) it is inoculated with: in gnotobasis, " t " groove is outputed in bacteria stick, when bacteria stick is cooled to 31 DEG C, control temperature,
Then relative air humidity is inoculated with delicious lactarius strain in " t " groove；The temperature control is 27 DEG C, and air is relatively wet
Degree control is 62%；
(3) it covers: covering sterile vegetative soil in " t " groove for being inoculated with delicious lactarius strain, it is outer around bacteria stick, it is covered with
Mulch, then weeds and pine needle are covered on mulch；The weeds and pine needle with a thickness of 4cm；The Nutrition Soil is biphosphate
Potassium, compound fertilizer and sandy loam mixture, and ratio=1:0.3:2 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sandy loam；
(4) mushroom producing culture: the bacteria stick that step (3) is covered, which is sent into culturing room, carries out mushroom producing culture；The fruiting training
Feeding temperature is 23 DEG C, relative air humidity 52%, time 24d；
(5) bacteria stick: being sent into mushroom house after fruiting and carry out management of producing mushroom by management of producing mushroom, control the temperature of mushroom house, humidity,
Intensity of illumination adjusts mushroom house day and night temperature, in " t " groove and when surrounding has hypha form, removes mulch and retains weeds
With pine needle by delicious lactarius continued growth；The time of the management of producing mushroom is 66d；The temperature control of the mushroom house is 26 DEG C, air
Relative humidity control is 46%, and intensity of illumination control is 350Lux, and day and night temperature control is 16 DEG C；
(6) harvest: after sporophore growth 6d, fructification surface, which is begun with when a small amount of white conidia powder occurs, reaches mature mark
Standard is harvested in time, is neatly cut off with cutter from the junction of stem base portion and soil, and mature one harvests one, early daily
Morning and afternoon respectively pick 1 time.
It further, further include playing vocal music, the broadcasting vocal music to delicious lactarius are as follows: every in step (4) and step (5)
Its 6:00~8:00 plays chirping of birds vocal music, and play cicada the dusk 17:00~18:30 and tweedle is happy, and evening, 9:00~11:00 was broadcast
The put out to graze frog and tweedle is happy；It further include giving delicious lactarius perfumes, the perfume is floral extract, and the perfume is every 5h
Sprinkling is primary.
Quantity occurs to fructification in canopy on July 12nd, 2016, November 6, March 27 respectively successively to investigate,
The survey showed that, and the total quantity of each canopy every season fructification of 18 canopies is respectively 41~50/m2, 45~53/m2、59
~70/m2, the anniversary fructification quantity be 131~183/m2, it is average that fructification piece shape is proper, uniform in size, bacterium emits perimeter
3~4.0cm, bacterium emit long 2.5~3.5cm, stem 1~1.5cm of perimeter, the long 1~2cm of stem, and the annual output of each canopy is about
500.66~595.89kg/ mus.The whole year production in 1 year three season is realized, and obtains high yield.
Embodiment 4
Experiment place: 18, the village of Hechi City Nandan County county in Guangxi province canopy, 19.86 mu of the gross area.
A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, comprising the following steps:
(1) bacteria stick prepares: cultivation matrix being uniformly mixed, compost fermentation, is sterilized, bacteria stick is made in pack；The cultivation base
Matter is made of raw material from the following weight: 140 parts of pine sawdust, 140 parts of pine needle, 135 parts of the pinecone, pine forest native 275 parts, cotton seed hulls
270 parts, 240 parts of bagasse, 215 parts of wheat bran, 215 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 195 parts of fowl and animal excrement, 195 parts of straw, 40 parts of calcium carbonate, mistake
40 parts of calcium phosphate；The temperature of the compost fermentation is 60 DEG C, time 42d；The temperature of the sterilizing is 120~126 DEG C, pressure
For 1.04MPa, time 32min；
(2) it is inoculated with: in gnotobasis, " t " groove is outputed in bacteria stick, when bacteria stick is cooled to 34 DEG C, control temperature,
Then relative air humidity is inoculated with delicious lactarius strain in " t " groove；The temperature control is 31 DEG C, and air is relatively wet
Degree control is 68%；
(3) it covers: covering sterile vegetative soil in " t " groove for being inoculated with delicious lactarius strain, it is outer around bacteria stick, it is covered with
Mulch, then weeds and pine needle are covered on mulch；The weeds and pine needle with a thickness of 5cm；The Nutrition Soil is biphosphate
Potassium, compound fertilizer and sandy loam mixture, and ratio=1:0.7:2 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sandy loam；
(4) mushroom producing culture: the bacteria stick that step (3) is covered, which is sent into culturing room, carries out mushroom producing culture；The fruiting training
Feeding temperature is 26 DEG C, relative air humidity 58%, time 27d；
(5) bacteria stick: being sent into mushroom house after fruiting and carry out management of producing mushroom by management of producing mushroom, control the temperature of mushroom house, humidity,
Intensity of illumination adjusts mushroom house day and night temperature, in " t " groove and when surrounding has hypha form, removes mulch and retains weeds
With pine needle by delicious lactarius continued growth；The time of the management of producing mushroom is 71d；The temperature control of the mushroom house is 30 DEG C, air
Relative humidity control is 53%, and intensity of illumination control is 450Lux, and day and night temperature control is 19 DEG C；
(6) harvest: after sporophore growth 9d, fructification surface, which is begun with when a small amount of white conidia powder occurs, reaches mature mark
Standard is harvested in time, is neatly cut off with cutter from the junction of stem base portion and soil, and mature one harvests one, early daily
Morning and afternoon respectively pick 1 time.
It further, further include playing vocal music, the broadcasting vocal music to delicious lactarius are as follows: every in step (4) and step (5)
Its 6:00~8:00 plays chirping of birds vocal music, and play cicada the dusk 17:00~18:30 and tweedle is happy, and evening, 9:00~11:00 was broadcast
The put out to graze frog and tweedle is happy；It further include giving delicious lactarius perfumes, the perfume is floral extract, and the perfume is every 5h
Sprinkling is primary.
Quantity occurs to fructification in canopy on July 19th, 2016, November 21, March 18 respectively successively to investigate,
The survey showed that, and the total quantity of each canopy every season fructification of 18 canopies is respectively 43~53/m2, 48~53/m2、61
~71/m2, the anniversary fructification quantity be 137~186/m2, it is average that fructification piece shape is proper, uniform in size, bacterium emits perimeter
3~4.0cm, bacterium emit long 2.5~3.5cm, stem 1~1.5cm of perimeter, the long 1~2cm of stem, and the annual output of each canopy is about
500.21~598.66kg/ mus.The whole year production in 1 year three season is realized, and obtains high yield.
Embodiment 5
Experiment place: 18, village of the township Dou Yunmou of Guizhou Province canopy, 19.86 mu of the gross area.
A kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, comprising the following steps:
(1) bacteria stick prepares: cultivation matrix being uniformly mixed, compost fermentation, is sterilized, bacteria stick is made in pack；The cultivation base
Matter is made of raw material from the following weight: 125 parts of pine sawdust, 125 parts of pine needle, 125 parts of the pinecone, pine forest native 255 parts, cotton seed hulls
250 parts, 215 parts of bagasse, 195 parts of wheat bran, 1695 parts of Chinese medicine slag, 185 parts of fowl and animal excrement, 185 parts of straw, 35 parts of calcium carbonate,
35 parts of calcium superphosphate；The temperature of the compost fermentation is 59 DEG C, time 39d；The temperature of the sterilizing is 123 DEG C, and pressure is
1.03MPa, time 30min；
(2) it is inoculated with: in gnotobasis, " t " groove is outputed in bacteria stick, when bacteria stick is cooled to 33 DEG C, control temperature,
Then relative air humidity is inoculated with delicious lactarius strain in " t " groove；The temperature control is 29 DEG C, and air is relatively wet
Degree control is 65%；
(3) it covers: covering sterile vegetative soil in " t " groove for being inoculated with delicious lactarius strain, it is outer around bacteria stick, it is covered with
Mulch, then weeds and pine needle are covered on mulch；The weeds and pine needle with a thickness of 4.5cm；The Nutrition Soil is di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium, compound fertilizer and sandy loam mixture, and ratio=1:0.5:2 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sandy loam；
(4) mushroom producing culture: the bacteria stick that step (3) is covered, which is sent into culturing room, carries out mushroom producing culture；The fruiting training
Feeding temperature is 25 DEG C, relative air humidity 55%, time 25d；
(5) bacteria stick: being sent into mushroom house after fruiting and carry out management of producing mushroom by management of producing mushroom, control the temperature of mushroom house, humidity,
Intensity of illumination adjusts mushroom house day and night temperature, in " t " groove and when surrounding has hypha form, removes mulch and retains weeds
With pine needle by delicious lactarius continued growth；The time of the management of producing mushroom is 69d；The temperature control of the mushroom house is 28 DEG C, air
Relative humidity control is 50%, and intensity of illumination control is 400Lux, and day and night temperature control is 17 DEG C；
(6) harvest: after sporophore growth 8d, fructification surface, which is begun with when a small amount of white conidia powder occurs, reaches mature mark
Standard is harvested in time, is neatly cut off with cutter from the junction of stem base portion and soil, and mature one harvests one, early daily
Morning and afternoon respectively pick 1 time.
It further, further include playing vocal music, the broadcasting vocal music to delicious lactarius are as follows: every in step (4) and step (5)
Its 6:00~8:00 plays chirping of birds vocal music, and play cicada the dusk 17:00~18:30 and tweedle is happy, and evening, 9:00~11:00 was broadcast
The put out to graze frog and tweedle is happy；It further include giving delicious lactarius perfumes, the perfume is floral extract, and the perfume is every 5h
Sprinkling is primary.
Quantity is occurred to fructification in canopy and is successively investigated in August in 2016 6 days, December 11, April 12 respectively,
The survey showed that, and the total quantity of each canopy every season fructification of 18 canopies is respectively 43~49/m2, 48~56/m2、66
~71/m2, the anniversary fructification quantity be 137~181/m2, it is average that fructification piece shape is proper, uniform in size, bacterium emits perimeter
3~4.0cm, bacterium emit long 2.5~3.5cm, stem 1~1.5cm of perimeter, the long 1~2cm of stem, and the annual output of each canopy is about
546.71~614.87kg/ mus.The whole year production in 1 year three season is realized, and obtains high yield.
Reference examples
Experiment place: 18, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province village of township of county canopy, 20.03 mu of the gross area.
It is cultivated on April 2nd, 2017, is cultivated using commonsense method, seen in each canopy less than 20 to August part
Fructification, and fructification is smaller.It is obvious with cultural method difference on effect of the present invention.By comparison, it was found that comparative example fruiting time
Later, fruiting is irregular, has and burns bacterium phenomenon, fruiting final-period management is improper to lead to germ, thus greatly reduces yield.
In conclusion delicious lactarius cultural method of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, farmer is readily appreciated that and operates, and
Fruiting is stablized, and yield is high, is easy to carry out commercialization cultivation.Cultural method annual output of the present invention is up to 500~615kg/ mus, gained
Delicious lactarius fructification piece shape is rectified, is uniform in size, and bacterium emits fleshy hypertrophy, and matter is tender delicious, gives off a strong fragrance, very tasty and refreshing, nutriture value
Value is high, and quality is high, improves the income of farmer, realizes that delicious lactarius yield is high, quality is good, increases income for farmer, creates benefit, promote
The economic development in planting edible mushroom area, with good economic efficiency and ecological benefits.The present invention cultivates bacteria stick used and uses
The lives such as cotton seed hulls, bagasse, wheat bran, Chinese medicine slag, fowl and animal excrement, straw, trade waste are made of raw material, reduce cultivation
The cost of material, and capable of turning waste into wealth, the effect of waste is performed to ultimate attainment, is reduced planting cost, is protected ecology
Environment.The present invention is in the course of cultivation to delicious lactarius analogy vocal music, perfumes, control temperature and humidity and day and night temperature, to pine
Newborn mushroom provides and the comparable growing environment of wild mushroom condition, and the delicious lactarius nutritive value cultivated is suitable with wild mushroom, improves
The nutritive value of delicious lactarius.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, nothing
By from the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended
Claim rather than above description limit, it is intended that by the institute in the meaning and scope for the equivalent loins for falling in claim
It changes and includes within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius, which comprises the following steps:
(1) bacteria stick prepares: cultivation matrix being uniformly mixed, compost fermentation, is sterilized, bacteria stick is made in pack；
(2) it is inoculated with: in gnotobasis, " t " groove is outputed in bacteria stick, when bacteria stick is cooled to 30~36 DEG C, control temperature,
Then relative air humidity is inoculated with delicious lactarius strain in " t " groove；
(3) it covers: covering sterile vegetative soil in " t " groove for being inoculated with delicious lactarius strain, it is outer around bacteria stick, it is covered with ground
Film, then weeds and pine needle are covered on mulch；
(4) mushroom producing culture: the bacteria stick that step (3) is covered, which is sent into culturing room, carries out mushroom producing culture；
(5) management of producing mushroom: bacteria stick is sent into mushroom house after fruiting and carries out management of producing mushroom, controls the temperature, humidity, illumination of mushroom house
Intensity adjusts mushroom house day and night temperature, in " t " groove and when surrounding has hypha form, removes mulch and retains weeds and pine
Needle is by delicious lactarius continued growth；
(6) harvest: after 5~10d of sporophore growth, fructification surface, which is begun with when a small amount of white conidia powder occurs, reaches mature mark
Standard is harvested in time, is neatly cut off with cutter from the junction of stem base portion and soil, and mature one harvests one, early daily
Morning and afternoon respectively pick 1 time.
2. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the cultivation base
Matter is made of raw material from the following weight: 100~150 parts of pine sawdust, 100~150 parts of pine needle, 95~145 parts of the pinecone, pine forest soil
225~285 parts, 220~280 parts of cotton seed hulls, 180~250 parts of bagasse, 165~225 parts of wheat bran, 165~225 parts of Chinese medicine slag,
155~205 parts of fowl and animal excrement, 155~205 parts of straw, 20~50 parts of calcium carbonate, 20~50 parts of calcium superphosphate.
3. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the compost hair
The temperature of ferment is 55~62 DEG C, and the time is 35~43d.
4. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the sterilizing
Temperature is 120~126 DEG C, and pressure is 1.01~1.05MPa, and the time is 27~33min.
5. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2), the temperature control
26~32 DEG C are made as, relative air humidity control is 60~70%.
6. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (3), the weeds and
Pine needle with a thickness of 3~6cm；The Nutrition Soil is the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, compound fertilizer and sandy loam, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate
With ratio=1:0.2~0.8:2 of sandy loam.
7. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (4), the fruiting training
Feeding temperature is 22~28 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 50~60%, and the time is 23~28d.
8. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (4) and step (5),
It further include playing vocal music, the broadcasting vocal music to delicious lactarius are as follows: daily 6:00~8:00 broadcasting chirping of birds vocal music, dusk 17:00~
18:30 plays cicada and tweedle is happy, and play frog in the evening 9:00~11:00 and tweedle is happy.
9. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (4) and step (5),
It further include giving delicious lactarius perfumes, the perfume is floral extract, and the perfume is primary every 5h sprinkling.
10. a kind of cultural method of delicious lactarius according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (5), the fruiting
The time of management is 65~73d；The temperature control of the mushroom house is 25~32 DEG C, and relative air humidity control is 45~55%,
Intensity of illumination control is 300~500Lux, and day and night temperature control is 15~20 DEG C.
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Application publication date: 20181207 |