CN108925478A - 一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水;种植水藻;将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中;投放小龙虾专用饲料,2‑4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。小龙虾专用饲料的原料按重量份包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉32‑38份,米糠粕40‑56份,发酵生物蛋白3‑12份,花生粕6‑10份,大豆粉2‑9份,贝壳粉1‑5份,萝卜缨2‑7份,构树叶粉3‑11份,磷酸氢钙0.1‑0.2份,酶制剂0.01‑0.02份,氯化胆碱0.1‑0.3份,大蒜素0.1‑0.18份,诱食剂1‑2份,蒙脱土1‑2份,增粘环糊精2‑4份。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及小龙虾养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法。
背景技术
淡水小龙虾肉味鲜美,营养丰富,是高蛋白、低脂肪和高能量、有营养的保健食品,是一种世界性的食用虾类,在18世纪就成为欧洲人民的重要食物源。小龙虾的营养众所周知,目前小龙虾养殖在我国迅猛发展,而小龙虾在成长过程中,未被及时进食的饲料污染水体环境,造成小龙虾病死率过高,造成了小龙虾的产量无法得到有效提高,同时降低了经济效益。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,可改善小龙虾的体质,有效降低了小龙虾感染疾病的几率,降低死淘率,加速其对饲料的吸收,而且建立良性的生态环境,可保持池塘水质,使小龙虾不受污染物细菌的污染。
本发明提出的一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水;
S2、种植水藻;
S3、将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中;
S4、投放小龙虾专用饲料,2-4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。
优选地,S1中,养殖池水体的温度为24-26℃,养殖池水体的pH值为7.5-8。
优选地,S2中,种植水藻至水藻覆盖面积为整个养殖池面积的70-75%。
优选地,S3中,小龙虾投放量为10-11.4万尾/667m2。
优选地,S4中,小龙虾专用饲料日投放量为小龙虾体重的55-59%。
优选地,S4中,养殖过程中维持养殖水体含氧量为5.2-5.8mg/L。
优选地,S4中,小龙虾专用饲料的原料按重量份包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉32-38份,米糠粕40-56份,发酵生物蛋白3-12份,花生粕6-10份,大豆粉2-9份,贝壳粉1-5份,萝卜缨2-7份,构树叶粉3-11份,磷酸氢钙0.1-0.2份,酶制剂0.01-0.02份,氯化胆碱0.1-0.3份,大蒜素0.1-0.18份,诱食剂1-2份,蒙脱土1-2份,增粘环糊精2-4份。
优选地,S4的小龙虾专用饲料原料中,酶制剂包括植酸酶、果胶酶。
优选地,S4的小龙虾专用饲料原料中,增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将氯代聚乙二醇400、β-环糊精搅拌,然后升温,搅拌状态下依次加入氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度搅拌,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
优选地,增粘环糊精的制备工艺中,氯代聚乙二醇400、β-环糊精、氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为4-7:2-12:0.2-1:0.1-0.15。
优选地,增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将氯代聚乙二醇400、β-环糊精搅拌2-4h,搅拌速度为1200-1600r/min,然后升温至60-70℃,搅拌状态下依次加入氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度至82-88℃搅拌25-35min,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
本发明通过对养殖池的处理、水藻的种植、培水及小龙虾幼苗的投放、饲料喂养等的合理设置,使小龙虾幼苗在成长过程中有效保证了水体的含氧量,建立了良性的生态环境,同时营养均衡并可有效降低了小龙虾感染疾病的几率,提高了小龙虾的成活率,进而提高了经济效益。
本发明的小龙虾专用饲料采用蝇蛆蛋白粉、米糠粕、发酵生物蛋白、花生粕、大豆粉、贝壳粉、萝卜缨、构树叶粉复配,能量与蛋白含量适中,营养丰富,适于小龙虾的肠道,使小龙虾个头大,增重明显,而氯化胆碱、大蒜素、蒙脱土复配,可改善小龙虾的体质,增强抗病力,可显著提高小龙虾免疫能力,降低死淘率,加速其对饲料的吸收;增粘环糊精与其他原料复配,不仅粘结强度高,而且结构稳定性好,饲料投入至池塘后不易随水流流动,饲料成型性好,更便于小龙虾进食,不仅饲料利用率提高明显,而且可保持池塘水质,有利于小龙虾的成长,使小龙虾不受污染物细菌的污染。
本发明的增粘环糊精中,氯代聚乙二醇400在一定条件下与β-环糊精进行桥联,由于环糊精具有外腔亲水内腔亲水的特殊结构,可吸附和包覆周围杂质,避免对氯代聚乙二醇400的侵害,可保证结构的稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面,通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水,水体的温度为24-26℃,水体的pH值为7.5-8;
S2、种植水藻至水藻覆盖面积为整个养殖池面积的70%;
S3、将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中,小龙虾投放量为11.4万尾/667m2;
S4、投放小龙虾专用饲料,日投放量为小龙虾体重的55%,养殖过程中维持养殖水体含氧量为5.2-5.8mg/L,2-4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。
小龙虾专用饲料的原料包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉38kg,米糠粕40kg,发酵生物蛋白12kg,花生粕6kg,大豆粉9kg,贝壳粉1kg,萝卜缨7kg,构树叶粉3kg,磷酸氢钙0.2kg,酶制剂0.01kg,氯化胆碱0.3kg,大蒜素0.1kg,诱食剂2kg,蒙脱土1kg,增粘环糊精4kg。
增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将4kg氯代聚乙二醇400、12kgβ-环糊精搅拌2h,搅拌速度为1600r/min,然后升温至60℃,搅拌状态下依次加入1kg氢氧化钠、0.1kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度至88℃搅拌25min,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
实施例2
一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水,水体的温度为24-26℃,水体的pH值为7.5-8;
S2、种植水藻至水藻覆盖面积为整个养殖池面积的75%;
S3、将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中,小龙虾投放量为10万尾/667m2;
S4、投放小龙虾专用饲料,日投放量为小龙虾体重的59%,养殖过程中维持养殖水体含氧量为5.2-5.8mg/L,2-4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。
小龙虾专用饲料的原料包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉32kg,米糠粕56kg,发酵生物蛋白3kg,花生粕10kg,大豆粉2kg,贝壳粉5kg,萝卜缨2kg,构树叶粉11kg,磷酸氢钙0.1kg,酶制剂0.02kg,氯化胆碱0.1kg,大蒜素0.18kg,诱食剂1kg,蒙脱土2kg,增粘环糊精2kg。
增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将7kg氯代聚乙二醇400、2kgβ-环糊精搅拌4h,搅拌速度为1200r/min,然后升温至70℃,搅拌状态下依次加入0.2kg氢氧化钠、0.15kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度至82℃搅拌35min,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
实施例3
一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水,水体的温度为24-26℃,水体的pH值为7.5-8;
S2、种植水藻至水藻覆盖面积为整个养殖池面积的72%;
S3、将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中,小龙虾投放量为11万尾/667m2;
S4、投放小龙虾专用饲料,日投放量为小龙虾体重的56%,养殖过程中维持养殖水体含氧量为5.3-5.7mg/L,2-4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。
小龙虾专用饲料的原料包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉36kg,米糠粕45kg,发酵生物蛋白10kg,花生粕7kg,大豆粉8kg,贝壳粉2kg,萝卜缨6kg,构树叶粉5kg,磷酸氢钙0.18kg,酶制剂0.013kg,氯化胆碱0.25kg,大蒜素0.12kg,诱食剂1.7kg,蒙脱土1.4kg,增粘环糊精3.5kg。
增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将5kg氯代聚乙二醇400、10kgβ-环糊精搅拌2.5h,搅拌速度为1500r/min,然后升温至63℃,搅拌状态下依次加入0.8kg氢氧化钠、0.12kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度至86℃搅拌28min,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
实施例4
一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水,水体的温度为24-26℃,水体的pH值为7.5-8;
S2、种植水藻至水藻覆盖面积为整个养殖池面积的74%;
S3、将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中,小龙虾投放量为10.4万尾/667m2;
S4、投放小龙虾专用饲料,日投放量为小龙虾体重的58%,养殖过程中维持养殖水体含氧量为5.3-5.7mg/L,2-4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。
小龙虾专用饲料的原料包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉34kg,米糠粕50kg,发酵生物蛋白6kg,花生粕9kg,大豆粉3kg,贝壳粉4kg,萝卜缨4kg,构树叶粉9kg,磷酸氢钙0.12kg,酶制剂0.017kg,氯化胆碱0.15kg,大蒜素0.16kg,诱食剂1.3kg,蒙脱土1.6kg,增粘环糊精2.5kg。
增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将6kg氯代聚乙二醇400、4kgβ-环糊精搅拌3.5h,搅拌速度为1300r/min,然后升温至67℃,搅拌状态下依次加入0.4kg氢氧化钠、0.14kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度至84℃搅拌32min,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
实施例5
一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水,水体的温度为24-26℃,水体的pH值为7.5-8;
S2、种植水藻至水藻覆盖面积为整个养殖池面积的73%;
S3、将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中,小龙虾投放量为10.7万尾/667m2;
S4、投放小龙虾专用饲料,日投放量为小龙虾体重的57%,养殖过程中维持养殖水体含氧量为5.3-5.7mg/L,2-4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。
小龙虾专用饲料的原料包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉35kg,米糠粕46kg,发酵生物蛋白8kg,花生粕8kg,大豆粉6kg,贝壳粉3kg,萝卜缨5kg,构树叶粉7kg,磷酸氢钙0.15kg,酶制剂0.015kg,氯化胆碱0.2kg,大蒜素0.14kg,诱食剂1.5kg,蒙脱土1.5kg,增粘环糊精3kg。
增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将5.5kg氯代聚乙二醇400、7kgβ-环糊精搅拌3h,搅拌速度为1400r/min,然后升温至65℃,搅拌状态下依次加入0.6kg氢氧化钠、0.13kg十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度至85℃搅拌30min,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
采用实施例5和普通小龙虾养殖方法进行养殖对比试验,其结果如下:
实施例5 | 普通小龙虾养殖方法 | |
初始体重,g | 5 | 5 |
终末体重,g | 34.6 | 26.8 |
成活率,% | 98 | 86 |
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、对养殖池进行清淤、冲洗、暴晒及消毒处理,然后向水体中施加复合肥进行培水;
S2、种植水藻;
S3、将小龙虾幼苗投放入水体中;
S4、投放小龙虾专用饲料,2-4天换一次水,至小龙虾捕获。
2.根据权利要求1所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S1中,养殖池水体的温度为24-26℃,养殖池水体的pH值为7.5-8。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S2中,种植水藻至水藻覆盖面积为整个养殖池面积的70-75%。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S3中,小龙虾投放量为10-11.4万尾/667m2。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S4中,小龙虾专用饲料日投放量为小龙虾体重的55-59%。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S4中,养殖过程中维持养殖水体含氧量为5.2-5.8mg/L。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S4中,小龙虾专用饲料的原料按重量份包括:蝇蛆蛋白粉32-38份,米糠粕40-56份,发酵生物蛋白3-12份,花生粕6-10份,大豆粉2-9份,贝壳粉1-5份,萝卜缨2-7份,构树叶粉3-11份,磷酸氢钙0.1-0.2份,酶制剂0.01-0.02份,氯化胆碱0.1-0.3份,大蒜素0.1-0.18份,诱食剂1-2份,蒙脱土1-2份,增粘环糊精2-4份。
8.根据权利要求7所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,S4的小龙虾专用饲料原料中,增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将氯代聚乙二醇400、β-环糊精搅拌,然后升温,搅拌状态下依次加入氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度搅拌,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
9.根据权利要求8所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,增粘环糊精的制备工艺中,氯代聚乙二醇400、β-环糊精、氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的重量比为4-7:2-12:0.2-1:0.1-0.15。
10.根据权利要求8所述提高淡水小龙虾成活率的养殖方法,其特征在于,增粘环糊精采用如下工艺制备:将氯代聚乙二醇400、β-环糊精搅拌2-4h,搅拌速度为1200-1600r/min,然后升温至60-70℃,搅拌状态下依次加入氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠,氮气保护下调节温度至82-88℃搅拌25-35min,冷却,用盐酸调节体系呈中性,过滤,滤液用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得到增粘环糊精。
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