CN108925355A - A kind of Apple Culture method for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, improving fruit quality - Google Patents
A kind of Apple Culture method for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, improving fruit quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN108925355A CN108925355A CN201810863194.6A CN201810863194A CN108925355A CN 108925355 A CN108925355 A CN 108925355A CN 201810863194 A CN201810863194 A CN 201810863194A CN 108925355 A CN108925355 A CN 108925355A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damages, the Apple Culture method of raising fruit quality, comprising the following steps: (1) consolidation;(2) planting stock;(3) fertilizer and water management and trimming;(4) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage;(5) it trims;(6) it applies fertilizer.The present invention utilizes tobacco waste, agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry, turn waste into wealth, the tobacco wastes such as offal and waste tobacco leaf are due to itself containing nicotine with insecticidal action, disease resisting effect is significant, by the same agricultural crop straw of tobacco waste, the composite bacterial fertilizer that feces of livestock and poultry and composite fermentation microbial inoculum prepare after stacking fermentation imposes on fruit tree root, the effect of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage is also equipped with while providing fertility for fruit tree, during entire apple cultivation, fruit tree spray number can be reduced, and it just no longer sprays insecticide after apple tree bears fruit, Apple non agricultural chemical residuum, it ensure that the quality of apple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to apple cultivation technical field, in particular to a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, the apple for improving fruit quality
Cultural method.
Background technique
With the application of chemical fertilizer a large amount of in China's apple cultivation, apple producing region soil environment is caused constantly to deteriorate, in soil
The content of organic matter declines year by year, the problems such as soil hardening, acid-base imbalance, heavy metals exceeding standard, the effective rate of utilization drop of chemical fertilizer occurs
Low, fruit quality amount is generally reduced.Existing apple cultivation method, fertilising is still mainly by by an application at fruit tree tree root
Organic fertilizer, farmyard manure, not only time-consuming and laborious, there is also unevenness of application, fruit trees to obtain the problems such as fertility is unbalanced.This
Outside, during apple cultivation, to prevent pest and disease damage, chemical pesticide is often used, chemical pesticide is a large amount of and unreasonably applies,
On the one hand ecological environment is polluted and is destroyed, pesticide residue to some extent is also had in another aspect Apple, sternly
Ghost image rings the quality of apple, brings serious harm to human health.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damages, the Apple Culture side of raising fruit quality
Method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Apple Culture method for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, improving fruit quality, comprising the following steps:
(1) it consolidation: chooses soil horizon thickness and is greater than 1 meter, pH value is the field of 6-7, after ploughing deeply soil 30cm-40cm
It arranges smooth stand-by;
(2) planting stock: using wide row dense planting, the high 25-40cm in ridge, row spacing 1.2-1.8m, and ridge spacing is 2.5-3.5m, in
It digs pit on ridge, cheats depth 40-50cm, hole spacing is 1.5-2.5m, plants apple sapling after applying fertilizer to the subsoil in hole, each hole applies fertilizer to the subsoil
20-50kg, the base fertilizer are well-rotted farmyard manure;
(3) fertilizer and water management and trimming: carrying out watering Irrigation when the signs of drought is presented in apple tree in time, and annual every plant of apple tree exists
Summer and winter apply fertilizer respectively, each every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 1-3kg, urea 0.5-1.5kg;
(4) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage: primary using at least full garden sprinkling of insecticide and fungicide every year before apple tree bears fruit;
(5) it trims: when seedling height reaches 1.2-1.5m, in addition to carrying out the winter and cutting, also carrying out bud picking, drawing branch in growth period
With the pinching work to prosperous growth bud head, 3-5 Secondary Branch is stayed in lower part when pinching;
(6) apply fertilizer: apple tree seed plant 3 years after i.e. bear fruit, next year high yield, apple tree bear fruit after each year spring when
The composite bacterial fertilizer of 2-5kg is applied in the root of every apple tree, the composite bacterial fertilizer is made of the component of following parts by weight: tobacco
30-50 parts of waste, 30-50 parts of agricultural crop straw, 90-150 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 2-5 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the tobacco waste is offal and/or waste tobacco leaf.Wherein offal is the thick and stiff vein of tobacco leaf,
Account for about the 20%-30% of tobacco leaf gross mass, at present in production a large amount of offal and/or waste tobacco leaf due to cannot be timely and effectively
It is utilized or is handled, caused largely to overstock, cause inventory lot nervous, serious waste storage resource.The present invention is sufficiently sharp
Stacking fermentation is carried out with tobacco waste and is prepared as composite bacterial fertilizer, is applied after fruit tree fruiting, can not only is fruit tree
Growth provides required fertility, moreover it is possible to play the effect of expelling parasite.
Preferably, the fungicide is carbendazim either thiophanate methyl, the insecticide is that mite is dead net either
Gram victory is full net.
Preferably, the preparation method of the composite bacterial fertilizer is the following steps are included: by tobacco waste and agricultural crop straw
After crushing, feces of livestock and poultry is added, composite fermentation microbial inoculum is added after accessing water, mixes, stacking is fermented 25-40 days, during which every 10-
Turning in 15 days is primary.
Preferably, the composite fermentation microbial inoculum is by Paenibacillus macerans, bacillus megaterium, actinomyces, saccharomycete
Composition, mass ratio 4-8: 4-8: 2-5: 1-2.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) present invention utilizes tobacco waste, agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry, turns waste into wealth, offal and waste tobacco leaf etc.
Tobacco waste is due to itself containing nicotine with insecticidal action, and disease resisting effect is significant, by tobacco waste with crops straw
The composite bacterial fertilizer that stalk, feces of livestock and poultry and composite fermentation microbial inoculum prepare after stacking fermentation imposes on fruit tree root, for fruit tree
The effect of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage being also equipped with while fertility is provided, during entire apple cultivation, it is possible to reduce fruit tree sprays number,
And just no longer spray insecticide after apple tree bears fruit, Apple non agricultural chemical residuum ensure that the quality of apple.
(2) present invention can effectively reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in apple cultivation, reduce chemical fertilizer to the shadow of soil
Influence of the loud and pesticide to apple quality, while it can also be continuously increased the content of soil with organic matter, produce green nothing
The high quality apple of public hazards.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained.It should be noted that right
It is used to help understand the present invention in the explanation of these embodiments, but and does not constitute a limitation of the invention.In addition, being retouched below
Technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of the present invention stated can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Apple Culture method for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, improving fruit quality, comprising the following steps:
(1) it consolidation: chooses soil horizon thickness and is greater than 1 meter, the field that pH value is 6 is ploughed deeply whole after soil 30cm-40cm
It pats whole stand-by;
(2) planting stock: using wide row dense planting, the high 25cm in ridge, row spacing 1.2m, and ridge spacing is 2.5m, in digging pit on ridge, cheats
Deep 40cm, hole spacing are 1.5m, and apple sapling is planted after applying fertilizer to the subsoil in hole, and each to cheat the 30kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, the base fertilizer is decomposed
Farmyard manure;
(3) fertilizer and water management and trimming: carrying out watering Irrigation when the signs of drought is presented in apple tree in time, and annual every plant of apple tree exists
Summer and winter apply fertilizer respectively, and each every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 1kg, urea 0.5kg, dose increase year by year according to the age of tree;
(4) it the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage: before apple tree bears fruit, is sprayed every year in summer using the full garden of insecticide, autumn is either
Full garden sprinkling is carried out using fungicide when winter;
(5) it trims: when seedling height reaches 1.2m, apple tree being trimmed using spindle pruning technique, and carry out drawing branch, together
When bud picking carried out to apple seedling in growth period, worked the pinching of prosperous growth bud head, 3 Secondary Branchs are stayed in lower part when pinching;
(6) it applies fertilizer: in the current year of apple tree planting recoil fruit, applying the composite bacterial fertilizer of 2.5kg in the root of every apple tree,
Dose increases year by year according to the age of tree, and the composite bacterial fertilizer is made of the component of following parts by weight: 30 parts of offal, crops straw
40 parts of stalk, 120 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 3 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.This step is committed step, and the application of composite bacterial fertilizer need to be in fruit tree
Start to apply after bearing fruit, production practices discovery, if fruit tree begins to apply after seedling cultivation, though drive still can be played to orchard
The effect of worm, but fertility necessary to the composite bacterial fertilizer cannot not only provide for fruit tree growth promotes its growth, it instead can shadow
The normal growth of fruit tree is rung, fruit tree growth is slow, does not bear fruit after planting fruit trees 3 years or bears fruit and is few.
The preparation method of composite bacterial fertilizer the following steps are included: take 30 parts of offal, 40 parts of agricultural crop straw, animal dung in proportion
Just 120 parts, 3 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum add feces of livestock and poultry after offal and crops stalk crushing, add again after accessing water
Fermenting agent is closed, is mixed, stacking is fermented 30 days, during which primary every turning in 10 days.Composite fermentation microbial inoculum is by leaching crudefiber crop gemma bar
Bacterium, bacillus megaterium, actinomyces, saccharomycete composition, mass ratio 4: 4: 2: 1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Apple Culture method for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, improving fruit quality, comprising the following steps:
(1) it consolidation: chooses soil horizon thickness and is greater than 1 meter, the field that pH value is 7 is ploughed deeply whole after soil 30cm-40cm
It pats whole stand-by;
(2) planting stock: using wide row dense planting, the high 40cm in ridge, row spacing 1.5m, and ridge spacing is 3.0m, in digging pit on ridge, cheats
Deep 45cm, hole spacing are 2.0m, and apple sapling is planted after applying fertilizer to the subsoil in hole, and each to cheat the 20kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, the base fertilizer is decomposed
Farmyard manure;
(3) fertilizer and water management and trimming: carrying out watering Irrigation when the signs of drought is presented in apple tree in time, and annual every plant of apple tree exists
Summer and winter apply fertilizer respectively, and each every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 1.5kg, urea 0.5kg, dose increase year by year according to the age of tree
Add;
(4) it the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage: before apple tree bears fruit, is sprayed every year in summer using the full garden of insecticide, autumn is either
Full garden sprinkling is carried out using fungicide when winter;
(5) it trims: when seedling height reaches 1.5m, apple tree being trimmed using spindle pruning technique, and carry out drawing branch, together
When bud picking carried out to apple seedling in growth period, worked the pinching of prosperous growth bud head, 5 Secondary Branchs are stayed in lower part when pinching;
(6) it applies fertilizer: in the current year of apple tree planting recoil fruit, applying the composite bacterial fertilizer of 2.5kg in the root of every apple tree,
The composite bacterial fertilizer is made of the component of following parts by weight: 40 parts of waste tobacco leaf, 40 parts of agricultural crop straw, feces of livestock and poultry 90
Part, 3 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of composite bacterial fertilizer the following steps are included: take 40 parts of waste tobacco leaf, 40 parts of agricultural crop straw, poultry in proportion
120 parts of poultry manure, 2 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum add feces of livestock and poultry after waste tobacco leaf and crops stalk crushing, access water
Composite fermentation microbial inoculum is added afterwards, is mixed, and stacking is fermented 35 days, during which primary every turning in 15 days.Composite fermentation microbial inoculum is by leaching fiber crops
Series bacillus, bacillus megaterium, actinomyces, saccharomycete composition, mass ratio 6: 6: 3: 1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Apple Culture method for preventing and treating pest and disease damage, improving fruit quality, comprising the following steps:
(1) consolidation: choosing soil horizon thickness and be greater than 1 meter, the field that pH value is 6.5, after ploughing deeply soil 30cm-40cm
It arranges smooth stand-by;
(2) planting stock: using wide row dense planting, the high 30cm in ridge, row spacing 1.8m, and ridge spacing is 3.5m, in digging pit on ridge, cheats
Deep 50cm, hole spacing are 2.5m, and apple sapling is planted after applying fertilizer to the subsoil in hole, and each to cheat the 50kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, the base fertilizer is decomposed
Farmyard manure;
(3) fertilizer and water management and trimming: carrying out watering Irrigation when the signs of drought is presented in apple tree in time, and annual every plant of apple tree exists
Summer and winter apply fertilizer respectively, and each every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 2kg, urea 1kg, dose increase year by year according to the age of tree;
(4) it the prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage: before apple tree bears fruit, is sprayed every year in summer using the full garden of insecticide, autumn is either
Full garden sprinkling is carried out using fungicide when winter;
(5) it trims: when seedling height reaches 1.4m, apple tree being trimmed using spindle pruning technique, and carry out drawing branch, together
When bud picking carried out to apple seedling in growth period, worked the pinching of prosperous growth bud head, 4 Secondary Branchs are stayed in lower part when pinching;
(6) it applies fertilizer: in the current year of apple tree planting recoil fruit, applying the composite bacterial fertilizer of 2.5kg in the root of every apple tree,
Dose increases year by year according to the age of tree, and the composite bacterial fertilizer is made of the component of following parts by weight: 20 parts of offal, waste tobacco leaf
30 parts, 50 parts of agricultural crop straw, 150 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 3 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of composite bacterial fertilizer the following steps are included: take 20 parts of offal, 30 parts of waste tobacco leaf, crops straw in proportion
40 parts of stalk, 120 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 2 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum, after offal, waste tobacco leaf and crops stalk crushing, addition poultry
Poultry manure adds composite fermentation microbial inoculum after accessing water, mixes, and stacking is fermented 40 days, during which primary every turning in 10 days.Compound hair
Yeast-like fungi agent is made of Paenibacillus macerans, bacillus megaterium, actinomyces, saccharomycete, mass ratio 8: 8: 5: 2.
Comparative example 1
Conventional Apple Culture method, includes the following steps: (1) consolidation;(2) planting stock;(3) fertilizer and water management and
Trimming;(4) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage;(5) it trims;(6) it applies fertilizer.
Wherein, 1 Apple Culture method of the comparative example place different from embodiment is: what is applied when fertilising in step (6) is
The compound fertilizer sold in the market in the prior art, and fruit tree bear fruit after annual still spraying pesticide, remaining step is the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Conventional Apple Culture method, includes the following steps: (1) consolidation;(2) planting stock;(3) fertilizer and water management and
Trimming;(4) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage;(5) it trims;(6) it applies fertilizer.
Wherein, 2 Apple Culture method of the comparative example place different from embodiment is: fertilizer and water management and repairing in step (3)
Cutting apply in step is composite bacterial fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention, and what is applied when fertilising in step (6) is city in the prior art
The compound fertilizer sold on field, and fruit tree bear fruit after annual still spraying pesticide, remaining step is the same as embodiment 1.
Using the conventional cultivation method (comparative example 1,2) of the method for the present invention (embodiment 1,2,3) and the prior art in reality
Test in production proves that the present invention has effect following prominent:
(1) embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3 is to the pest and disease damage in orchard, such as cutworm, maggot, weevil, ant class underground
The grounds pest such as pest and cotton aphid, aleyrodid, snout moth's larva, red white spider all has stronger avoidance effect, and does not send out in orchard
Show rot disease phenomenon, no disease and pests harm morbidity phenomenon in orchard.Pest morbidity above and below the ground is universal in comparative example 1,2 orchards, and
It is in exacerbation trend.
(2) the high quality fruit rate of apple tree is improved from 60% or so of the prior art to 85% or more, high yield period per mu yield from
2000kg of the prior art or so is increased to 2800kg or more.Using soluble solid in fruit obtained by cultural method of the present invention
And titratable acid content is obviously higher than fruit in the prior art, wherein gained fruit soluble solid in comparative example 1
Average content is 13.35%, gained fruit soluble solid content average out to 13.88% in comparative example 2, institute in comparative example 3
Fruit soluble solid content average out to 14.90%, gained fruit soluble solid content average out in comparative example 1
11.95%, gained fruit soluble solid content average out to 12.25% in comparative example 2, while titratable acid content embodiment
1,2,3, the difference average out to 0.3115%, 0.2988%, 0.3033%, 0.2047%, 0.2218% of comparative example 1,2;In addition, real
It applies fruit in example 1,2,3 and is detected non agricultural chemical residuum, the requirement of the safety tea garden trace standard of pesticide, comparative example is fully achieved in fruit
1, Pesticide Residues in Fruit is serious in 2, and the requirement of the safety tea garden trace standard of pesticide is not achieved in fruit.
(3) by the application of composite bacterial fertilizer, orchard soil structure is greatly improved, is reached while reducing fertilizer application amount
Increase soil organic matter content, realizes the purpose of improvement soil.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments above, but the present invention is not limited to described realities
Apply mode.For a person skilled in the art, in the case where not departing from the principle of the invention and spirit, to these embodiment party
Formula carries out a variety of change, modification, replacement and modification, still falls in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, the Apple Culture method for improving fruit quality, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) it consolidation: chooses soil horizon thickness and is greater than 1 meter, pH value is the field of 6-7, ploughs deeply soil 30cm-40cm final finishing
It is smooth stand-by;
(2) planting stock: wide row dense planting is used, the high 25-40cm in ridge, row spacing 1.2-1.8m, ridge spacing is 2.5-3.5m, on ridge
It digs pit, cheats depth 40-50cm, hole spacing is 1.5-2.5m, and apple sapling is planted after applying fertilizer to the subsoil in hole, each to cheat the 20- that applies fertilizer to the subsoil
50kg, the base fertilizer are well-rotted farmyard manure;
(3) fertilizer and water management and trimming: carrying out watering Irrigation when the signs of drought is presented in apple tree in time, and annual every plant of apple tree is in summer
It applies fertilizer respectively with winter, each every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 1-3kg, urea 0.5-1.5kg;
(4) prevention and treatment of pest and disease damage: primary using at least full garden sprinkling of insecticide and fungicide every year before apple tree bears fruit;
(5) it trims: when seedling height reaches 1.2-1.5m, cutting outer except carrying out the winter, also carry out bud picking, drawing branch and right in growth period
The pinching of prosperous growth bud head works, and 3-5 Secondary Branch is stayed in lower part when pinching;
(6) apply fertilizer: apple tree seed plant 3 years after i.e. bear fruit, next year high yield, apple tree bear fruit after each year spring when every
The composite bacterial fertilizer of 2-5kg is applied in the root of apple tree, and the composite bacterial fertilizer is made of the component of following parts by weight: tobacco is discarded
30-50 parts of object, 30-50 parts of agricultural crop straw, 90-150 parts of feces of livestock and poultry, 2-5 parts of composite fermentation microbial inoculum.
2. a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage according to claim 1, the Apple Culture method for improving fruit quality, feature exist
In: the tobacco waste is offal and/or waste tobacco leaf.
3. a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage according to claim 1 or 2, the Apple Culture method for improving fruit quality, feature
Be: the preparation method of the composite bacterial fertilizer the following steps are included: by after tobacco waste and crops stalk crushing, raise by addition
Poultry manure adds composite fermentation microbial inoculum after accessing water, mixes, and stacking is fermented 25-40 days, during which primary every turning in 10-15 days.
4. a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage according to claim 3, the Apple Culture method for improving fruit quality, feature exist
In: the composite fermentation microbial inoculum is made of Paenibacillus macerans, bacillus megaterium, actinomyces, saccharomycete, mass ratio
It is 4-8: 4-8: 2-5: 1-2.
5. a kind of prevention and treatment pest and disease damage according to claim 1 or 2, the Apple Culture method for improving fruit quality, feature
Be: the fungicide is carbendazim either thiophanate methyl, and the insecticide is that the dead net either gram victory of mite is full net.
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Application publication date: 20181204 |