CN108913159A - 一种可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,属于光学薄膜材料技术领域。将近晶A相液晶、向列相液晶、胆甾相液晶、紫外自由基可聚合单体和紫外阳离子可聚合单体、光引发剂按照一定的质量比混配均匀,得到具有胆甾相‑‑扭曲晶界A相转变的混配样品,然后将样品在胆甾相状态下灌入到经过平行取向的液晶盒中,使混配样品在液晶盒中形成均匀稳定的平面织构,然后在不同温度下对液晶盒进行两次紫外光辐照,紫外自由基可聚合单体固定一部分胆甾相的小螺距,紫外阳离子可聚合单体固定一部分扭曲晶界A相(TGBA相)的大螺距,最终得到两相共存的液晶薄膜材料。制备的薄膜材料其反射波宽可覆盖整个可见光区。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光学薄膜材料技术领域,涉及一种显示器光增亮膜材料的制备方法,反射波宽可以随聚合温度的改变而进行调整,最大波宽可以覆盖整个可见光区。
背景技术
绝大多数的液晶自身不会发光,需要有背光源系统提供光源,液晶显示器的亮度在一定程度上影响着图像的质量。由于背光源系统占整个主机的耗电比重很高,因此增加背光源本身的亮度并非明智之举。使用光增亮膜可以显著增加液晶显示屏的光利用率和亮度,从而降低液晶显示屏的背光源灯管的耗电量,这种光增亮膜可以通过具有宽波反射特性的胆甾相液晶薄膜来制备。
胆甾相液晶的形成途径有两种:一种是液晶分子本身含有手性碳原子或胆甾醇不对称结构,另一种是在向列相液晶中添加手性化合物,使向列相转化成胆甾相。单一螺距的胆甾相的反射波长遵守Bragg反射,其最大的反射波长为λmax=Pne,最小反射波长为λmin=Pno(P指螺距,而ne与no分别指代非寻常光折射率与寻常光折射率)。而反射波宽Δλ=λmax-λmin=(ne-no)P=ΔnP。通常液晶的双折射率Δn<0.3,因此在可见光范围内胆甾相液晶的反射波宽Δλ<100nm。由于胆甾相液晶的反射波段不能覆盖整个可见光波段,因此胆甾相液晶的应用受到了很多限制。而具有宽波反射特性的液晶薄膜材料具有广泛的应用前景,通常是通过形成胆甾相的螺距梯度或者螺距不均匀分布得到的。
1996年,荷兰的Philips公司的D.J.Broer等人利用紫外吸收色素产生紫外光强度梯度使单体消耗速率不同,双官能团光可聚合手性液晶单体的分子间较易发生交联,浓度减少快,这样就使双官能团光可聚合手性液晶单体由浓度较高一侧向浓度较低一侧进行扩散,从而形成可聚合手性单体浓度梯度,因此体系中形成了螺距的梯度分布,利用本原理制备了反射整个可见光区域的胆甾相液晶高分子薄膜,并将之应用到液晶显示光增亮膜上,这种方法虽然增加了反射波宽范围,但该方法对紫外光强梯度的要求相当严格,且紫外吸收色素合成困难,实验成本较高,不利于实际操作控制。
发明内容
本发明提供一种胆甾相与扭曲晶界A(TGBA)相共存的可见光屏蔽薄膜的制备方法,TGBA相具有类似于胆甾相的螺旋结构,同样具有选择性反射的光学特性,且其螺距比胆甾相螺距大的多。该制备方法分别固定胆甾相的小螺距和TGBA相的大螺距,使薄膜内存在螺距的不均匀分布从而实现宽波反射,本方法不涉及紫外光强梯度等严格的实验条件,实验材料合成简单,实验过程简单易操作。
一种可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
(a)混配样品由近晶A相液晶、向列相液晶、胆甾相液晶、紫外自由基可聚合单体和紫外阳离子可聚合单体、光引发剂混合而成,其中,近晶A相液晶的质量分数为30-65%,向列相液晶的质量分数为20-40%,胆甾相液晶的质量分数为5-15%,紫外自由基可聚合单体和紫外阳离子可聚合单体的质量分数相同,均为1-10%,光引发剂的量为上述成分质量和的0.2-2%,将各组分混配均匀,得到混配样品;
(b)将(a)中所述混配样品在60-85℃胆甾相状态下灌入到经过平行取向的液晶盒中,使混配样品在液晶盒中形成均匀稳定的平面织构;
(c)将(b)中所述制备好的液晶盒在60-85℃胆甾相状态下进行一次紫外光辐照,紫外光波长为365nm,光强为0.5-4mW/cm2,辐照时间为0.5-5min,使(a)中所述紫外自由基可聚合单体交联聚合形成网络固定一部分胆甾相的小螺距,然后降温至TGBA相状态再进行第二次紫外光辐照,紫外光波长为254nm,光强为4-10mW/cm2,辐照时间为4-15min,使(a)中所述紫外阳离子可聚合单体交联聚合形成网络固定一部分TGBA相的大螺距,最终得到两相共存的液晶薄膜材料。
进一步地,所述的近晶A相液晶分子为手性分子,手性基元为胆甾醇。
进一步地,所述的紫外自由基可聚合单体的可聚合基团为丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基、乙烯基、苯乙烯基、二乙酰基。
进一步地,所述的紫外阳离子可聚合单体的可聚合基团为环氧基,活性官能团的数量为1-4个。
进一步地,所述的光引发剂有两种:自由基引发剂和阳离子引发剂;自由基引发剂为过氧化环己酮、过氧化二苯甲酰、叔丁基过氧化氢、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈中的一种;阳离子引发剂为碘鎓盐、硫鎓盐和铁芳烃中的一种。
进一步地,所述的液晶盒厚度为5-50μm。
进一步地,第二次紫外辐照温度为30-45℃。
本发明是通过使体系两相共存的方法实现的,混配样品在清亮点温度以下进行灌盒,此时呈现出较均匀的胆甾相,螺距较小,在此温度下用365nm紫外光辐照引发可聚合液晶性单体交联形成网络固定一部分胆甾相的小螺距,然后使体系降温会出现胆甾相到TGBA相的转变,TGBA相的螺距随着温度的降低而增大,在TGBA相温域内,用254nm紫外光辐照引发阳离子可聚合单体交联形成网络固定一部分TGBA相的大螺距,在高分子网络浓度不同的区域内,TGBA相受到的锚泊作用不同,因此螺距的增大趋势也不相同,在薄膜内部形成了螺距的非均匀分布,此时体系内存在着两种相态的不同螺距,从而使薄膜形成宽波反射。
本发明具有以下优点:
1.本发明所用材料在室温下除SLC1717外其余均为固态粉末,在室温状态下不能均匀混合,本发明在室温下将各比例的组分溶于二氯甲烷有机溶剂中,超声震荡30min后置于室温真空干燥箱中,使二氯甲烷挥发完全即得到混合均匀的混配样品,将混合后的液晶灌入液晶盒观察测试时,不会发生局部不均匀的现象(若混配不均匀,灌入液晶盒后会出现局部的组分比例与实际的比例有偏差),实验结果误差小。
2.实验原材料廉价易得,实验过程简单易操作。
3.反射波宽随温度的降低而增加,可以根据要求获得相应反射波宽的薄膜。
附图说明
表1实验样品聚合条件,
图1混配样品聚合前反射波位随温度变化曲线图,
图2不同温度聚合后薄膜反射波宽曲线图,
图3宽波反射薄膜断裂面扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
表1实验样品聚合条件
实施例一
将近晶A相液晶(CLSB)/胆甾相液晶(DCM)/向列相液晶(SLC1717)/紫外自由基可聚合单体(C6M)/紫外阳离子可聚合单体(DGEBF)按50%/10%/30%/5%/5%的比例混合,然后加入自由基引发剂(IRG651)和阳离子引发剂(CPI)的量均为上述组分质量和的1%,然后将所有的组分溶于二氯甲烷有机溶剂中,超声震荡30min后置于室温真空干燥箱中,使二氯甲烷挥发完全即得到混合均匀的混配样品。如图1所示,该混配样品的反射波位随着温度的降低而增大。将混配好的样品在75℃灌入到经过平行取向的液晶盒中,液晶盒厚30μm,保温5min,此时呈现均匀稳定的胆甾相的平面织构,在此温度下,用365nm紫外光,光强2mW/cm2,辐照2min,C6M交联形成网络固定一部分胆甾相的小螺距,将体系降温至34℃处于TGBA相,螺距增大,用254nm紫外光,光强6mW/cm2,辐照8min,DGEBF交联形成网络固定一部分TGAB相的大螺距,在高分子网络浓度不同的区域内,TGBA相受到的锚泊作用不同,因此螺距的增大趋势也不相同,在薄膜内部形成了螺距的非均匀分布,从而得到具有宽波反射特性的液晶薄膜。室温下该薄膜的反射波段在500--900nm。
实施例一所用到的分子的化学式为:
近晶A相液晶CLSB:
胆甾相液晶DCM:
紫外自由基可聚合单体C6M:
紫外阳离子可聚合单体DGEBF:
自由基引发剂IRG651:
阳离子引发剂CPI:
实施例二
将实施例一中的混配样品在80℃灌入到经过平行取向的液晶盒中,液晶盒厚30μm,保温5min,此时呈现均匀稳定的胆甾相的平面织构,在此温度下,与实施例一相同条件的紫外光辐照后,将体系降温至36℃,保持与实施例一相同条件的紫外光辐照,得到的液晶薄膜的反射波段在500--750nm。实验结果表明,第二次的聚合温度较高,薄膜的反射波段覆盖范围变小。
实施例三
将实施例一中的混配样品在80℃灌入到经过平行取向的液晶盒中,液晶盒厚30μm,保温5min,此时呈现均匀稳定的胆甾相的平面织构,在此温度下,与实施例一相同条件的紫外光辐照后,将体系降温至38℃,保持与实施例一相同条件的紫外光辐照,得到的液晶薄膜的反射波段在500--600nm。结合实施例一表明,第二次的聚合温度越高,液晶薄膜的反射波段覆盖范围越小。由上述方法制备的液晶薄膜反射波宽随温度的降低而增加,可以根据要求获得相应反射波宽的薄膜。
Claims (7)
1.一种可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:
(a)混配样品由近晶A相液晶、向列相液晶、胆甾相液晶、紫外自由基可聚合单体和紫外阳离子可聚合单体、光引发剂混合而成,其中,近晶A相液晶的质量分数为30-65%,向列相液晶的质量分数为20-40%,胆甾相液晶的质量分数为5-15%,紫外自由基可聚合单体和紫外阳离子可聚合单体的质量分数相同,均为1-10%,光引发剂的量为上述成分质量和的0.2-2%,将各组分混配均匀,得到混配样品;
(b)将(a)中所述混配样品在60-85℃胆甾相状态下灌入到经过平行取向的液晶盒中,使混配样品在液晶盒中形成均匀稳定的平面织构;
(c)将(b)中所述制备好的液晶盒在60-85℃胆甾相状态下进行一次紫外光辐照,紫外光波长为365nm,光强为0.5-4mW/cm2,辐照时间为0.5-5min,使
(a)中所述紫外自由基可聚合单体交联聚合形成网络固定一部分胆甾相的小螺距,然后降温至TGBA相状态再进行一次紫外光辐照,紫外光波长为254nm,光强为4-10mW/cm2,辐照时间为4-15min,使(a)中所述紫外阳离子可聚合单体交联聚合形成网络固定一部分TGBA相的大螺距,最终得到两相共存的液晶薄膜材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的近晶A相液晶分子为手性分子,手性基元为胆甾醇。
3.如权利要求1所述的可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的紫外自由基可聚合单体的可聚合基团为丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基、乙烯基、苯乙烯基、二乙酰基。
4.如权利要求1所述的可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的紫外阳离子可聚合单体的可聚合基团为环氧基,活性官能团的数量为1-4个。
5.如权利要求1所述的可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的光引发剂有两种:自由基引发剂和阳离子引发剂;自由基引发剂为过氧化环己酮、过氧化二苯甲酰、叔丁基过氧化氢、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈中的一种;阳离子引发剂为碘鎓盐、硫鎓盐和铁芳烃中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的液晶盒厚度为5-50μm。
7.如权利要求1所述的可见光屏蔽薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第二次紫外辐照温度为30-45℃。
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