CN108887628A - 一种魔芋精粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种魔芋精粉及其制备方法,取新鲜魔芋经预处理、臭氧水溶液进行超声处理、沥干后加入等质量酒精搅拌,随后滤出魔芋细粉行均质处理,随后进行超声波真空干燥、超微粉碎后得到一种魔芋精粉。本发明采用超声波真空分段干燥制备的魔芋精粉中葡甘聚糖含量高,黏度高,无异味和杂质纯、加工工艺简单,设备投资低,且整个加工过程中无需有机溶剂或无机溶剂作为保护剂,无需长时间膨化,不存在有害物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种农副产品加工工艺,具体涉及一种魔芋精粉及其制备方法。
背景技术
魔芋为天南星科魔芋属植物的泛称,主要含葡甘露聚糖、多种氨基酸和微量元素,经常食用对人体有很好的保健作用。魔芋具有较高的医学价值,我国古代医学典籍《本草纲目》、《三元延寿》、《开宝本草》等均有所记载:魔芋有毒、味辛、性寒,有解毒、消肿、行於、化痰、散积等多种功能,能医治疟疾、闭经、疔疮、丹毒、烫伤、乳痈、疝气、痈疖肿毒、毒蛇咬伤等病症。近年据医学界科研成果表明,魔芋具有散毒、养颜、通脉、降压、减肥、开胃、抗癌等功能。
魔芋精粉制成的天然食品添加剂,可起到增稠、稳定等作用,可制成药品和保健品,用于防治糖尿病、心血管病、肠胃病、便秘等;魔芋在医药、化工、纺织等领域用途广泛,魔芋精粉膨胀力大,粘着力强,可制作多种粘合剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、保墒剂、杀虫剂、纸张增强剂、止血海绵等;魔芋在环保领域具有特殊的用途,以魔芋为原料生产的全生物降解农膜、可溶可食性薄膜、内外墙涂料、保鲜剂等,对消除白色污染和其他环境污染具有重要意义。魔芋是化学成分复杂的植物有机体,随着科学研究的深化,这些物质都可以得到开发利用,产业链将不断延伸,这对发展当地的魔芋特色经济,使资源优势变成经济优势,推动当地经济发展,带动农民脱贫致富都具有重要和深远的意义。
我国的魔芋精粉加工方法,大体上可分为干法加工精粉和湿法加工精粉两大类:干法加工成本低,但所加工的精粉中葡甘聚糖含量低,黏度低,存在异味和杂质,特别是硫含量容易超标,严重影响到魔芋精粉的多种用途和经济价值。湿法加工技术包括有机溶剂保护加工精粉技术与无机溶剂保护加工精粉技术;有机法全部加工过程均采用食用酒精为保护剂,精粉质量色泽洁白,各项质量指标均好,虽然设备投资相对较大,加工工艺较复杂,管理技术及水平要求较高,加工产品的成本也相对较高。无机法加工过程中采用无机溶剂作为保护剂,加工成本低、设备投资小、加工工艺简单、管理技术及水平要求也较低,产品质量差于有机法加工的产品质量。由于膨化时间较长,有害物残留量容易超标,在外贸出口上受到一定的影响。
鉴于此,一种纯度高、粘度高、透明度高和SO2低的魔芋精粉是目前行业内急需的。
发明内容
基于上述分析,本发明公开了一种纯度高、粘度高、透明度高和SO2低的魔芋精粉简化了生产工艺,降低了生产成本,不需添加硫作为护色剂,新鲜魔芋在无硫加工过程中不会发生褐变,得到的无硫魔芋精粉色泽好,质量高。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案,本发明各组分的用量也是经过发明人进行大量摸索总结得出的,各组分用量在下述重量范围内制备出的魔芋精粉均具有很好的色泽度、纯度与质量:
一种魔芋精粉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)魔芋预处理:取新鲜魔芋置于流动清水中反复冲洗,待污泥洗净后捞出;
(2)制备魔芋片:魔芋去皮、去牙根,切至2mm的薄片,将魔芋片浸泡于臭氧水溶液进行超声处理,结束后捞出沥干;
(3)预制魔芋细粉:将沥干后的魔芋片碎成细粉,加入等质量的酒精搅拌0.5h后,采用多层纱布滤出魔芋细粉;
(4)均质魔芋细粉:在6000~8000转/min的转速下均质分散处理魔芋细粉;
(5)真空干燥:室温下,将均质分散处理魔芋细粉进行超声波真空干燥,均匀铺平,厚度2cm;
(6)超微粉碎:300目超微粉碎。
进一步的,所述臭氧水溶液浓度为0.3mg/L,超声功率200~300w、频率20~30kHz、温度20~30℃条件下处理6~8min。
进一步的,所述酒精溶液的浓度为35%。
进一步的,所述均质分散处理时间为4~6min。
进一步的,所述真空干燥为超声波真空间歇干燥:一阶段功率200~300W,频率20~40kHz,真空度0.06MPa,干燥时间40min,随后将魔芋细粉移出设备,室温下放置2h后,继续二阶段干燥,功率500~700W,频率30~40kHz,真空度0.08MPa,干燥时间60min。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明采用臭氧水溶液进行超声处理,防止了魔芋的褐变,同时强化了魔芋葡甘聚糖的稳定性,避免了传统魔芋粉制备过程中因防止褐变使用二氧化硫对人体和环境造成的污染。
(2)本发明采用臭氧水溶液进行处理,还能用于魔芋粉的降解反应中,无需将魔芋与高倍数的酶解溶液反应,使得降解过程更简单,再加上超声联合处理后,酶降解速度更快,更充分,大大提高产能。
(3)本发明对魔芋片进行超声处理后,后期干燥再次采用两段式超声波真空分段干燥,完美的解决了常规超声真空干燥对魔芋精粉的固有营养价值造成极大的破坏的难题。本发明采用两段式分段控制的微波真空干燥技术不但极大缩短了干燥时间,同样成品的魔芋精粉干燥只需100分钟(传统干燥需要不低于3小时),大大降低了能耗,成品也极好的保持了魔芋精粉特有味道,固有营养(葡甘聚糖)成分得到极大保留。
(4)两次超声处理下制备的魔芋精粉中含量高,黏度高。
(5)本发明采用的加工工艺无需长时间膨化,所以不存在有害物残留及超标的情况,产品质量不受影响。
(6)本发明采用的加工工艺简单,对设备的投资小,管理技术与水平要求相比有机加工法更低,成本更小。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其他多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种魔芋精粉
(1)魔芋预处理:取新鲜魔芋置于流动清水中反复冲洗,待污泥洗净后捞出;
(2)制备魔芋片:魔芋去皮、去牙根,切至2mm的薄片,将魔芋片浸泡于0.3mg/L的臭氧水溶液进行超声处理,超声功率250w、频率25kHz、温度25℃条件下处理7min,结束后捞出沥干;
(3)预制魔芋细粉:将沥干后的魔芋片碎成细粉,加入等质量的浓度为35%的酒精搅拌0.5h后,采用多层纱布滤出魔芋细粉;
(4)均质魔芋细粉:在7000转/min的转速下均质分散处理魔芋细粉5min;
(5)真空干燥:室温下,将均质分散处理魔芋细粉进行超声波真空干燥,均匀铺平,厚度2cm,一阶段功率250W,频率30kHz,真空度0.06MPa,干燥时间40min,随后将魔芋细粉移出设备,室温下放置2h后,继续二阶段干燥,功率600W,频率35kHz,真空度0.08MPa,干燥时间60min;
(6)超微粉碎:300目超微粉碎。
实施例2
一种魔芋精粉
(1)魔芋预处理:取新鲜魔芋置于流动清水中反复冲洗,待污泥洗净后捞出;
(2)制备魔芋片:魔芋去皮、去牙根,切至2mm的薄片,将魔芋片浸泡于0.3mg/L的臭氧水溶液进行超声处理,超声功率200w、频率30kHz、温度20℃条件下处理8min,结束后捞出沥干;
(3)预制魔芋细粉:将沥干后的魔芋片碎成细粉,加入等质量的浓度为35%的酒精搅拌0.5h后,采用多层纱布滤出魔芋细粉;
(4)均质魔芋细粉:在6000转/min的转速下均质分散处理魔芋细粉6min;
(5)真空干燥:室温下,将均质分散处理魔芋细粉进行超声波真空干燥,均匀铺平,厚度2cm,一阶段功率200W,频率40kHz,真空度0.06MPa,干燥时间40min,随后将魔芋细粉移出设备,室温下放置2h后,继续二阶段干燥,功率500W,频率40kHz,真空度0.08MPa,干燥时间60min;
(6)超微粉碎:300目超微粉碎。
实施例3
一种魔芋精粉
(1)魔芋预处理:取新鲜魔芋置于流动清水中反复冲洗,待污泥洗净后捞出;
(2)制备魔芋片:魔芋去皮、去牙根,切至2mm的薄片,将魔芋片浸泡于0.3mg/L的臭氧水溶液进行超声处理,超声功率300w、频率20kHz、温度30℃条件下处理6min,结束后捞出沥干;
(3)预制魔芋细粉:将沥干后的魔芋片碎成细粉,加入等质量的浓度为35%的酒精搅拌0.5h后,采用多层纱布滤出魔芋细粉;
(4)均质魔芋细粉:在8000转/min的转速下均质分散处理魔芋细粉4min;
(5)真空干燥:室温下,将均质分散处理魔芋细粉进行超声波真空干燥,均匀铺平,厚度2cm,一阶段功率300W,频率20kHz,真空度0.06MPa,干燥时间40min,随后将魔芋细粉移出设备,室温下放置2h后,继续二阶段干燥,功率700W,频率30kHz,真空度0.08MPa,干燥时间60min;
(6)超微粉碎:300目超微粉碎。
对比例1
一种魔芋精粉
相比实施例1将臭氧水溶液改为特制水解液,其余方法与实施例1相同,水解液制法:将30克纤维素酶或者25克甘露聚糖酶溶解于20kg水中。
对比例2
一种魔芋精粉
相比实施例1将臭氧水溶液超声处理改为臭氧水溶液常规浸泡,浸泡时间5h,温度30℃,其余方法与实施例1相同。
对比例3
一种魔芋精粉
相比实施例1将臭氧水溶液改为特制水解液,同时取消超声处理,改为常规浸泡,浸泡时间5h,温度30℃,水解液制法:将30克纤维素酶或者25克甘露聚糖酶溶解于20kg水中。其余方法与实施例1相同。
对比例4
相比实施例1将二段式真空干燥改为一段式真空干燥,其余方法与实施例1相同,一段式真空干燥:室温下,将均质分散处理魔芋细粉进行超声波真空干燥,均匀铺平,厚度2cm,功率250W,频率30kHz,真空度0.06MPa,干燥时间100min。
对比例5
相比实施例1将二段式真空干燥改为一段式真空干燥,其余方法与实施例1相同,一段式真空干燥:室温下,将均质分散处理魔芋细粉进行超声波真空干燥,均匀铺平,厚度2cm,功率600W,频率35kHz,真空度0.08MPa,干燥时间100min。
魔芋的主要生物活性成分是葡甘露聚糖(KGM)。因此,KGM的含量是评价魔芋精粉质量的一个关键指标。我们选取实施例1与对比例1~5中制得的魔芋精粉进行了KGM含量测定,具体方法如下:
KGM的提取及含量测定
①脱脂:精确称取0.36 g魔芋精粉于具塞试管中,加4.0 m L石油醚,振荡5min,3500r·minl离心5min,弃上清液。重复一次,自然挥发干燥;
②去除游离还原糖将脱脂干燥后的魔芋精粉转入150mL烧杯中,用100mL 850m L·L-1的乙醇冲洗试管3次并入烧杯中,50℃水浴,电动搅拌30min,过滤。重复两次,收集去除游离还原糖的魔芋精粉,自然挥发干燥:
③KGM的提取:将处理后的魔芋精粉放入150mL烧杯中,加双蒸馏水120mL, 35℃水浴恒温,电动搅拌,溶胀4h,取出冷却,用双蒸馏水定容至200mL。移取100mL,3500r·min-1离心10min,吸取上清液,即为常规法KGM提取液。剩余100mL在超声频率20kHz,超声功率80w的条件下,超声处理7min,3500r·min-1离心10min,吸取上清液,即为KGM提取液。
④KCM含量测定:按标准葡萄糖工作曲线步骤测定KGM水解液吸光值。将吸光值代入回归方程,计算出各吸光值对应的葡萄糖毫克数。用下式计算:
式中:ε=0.9,为葡萄糖和甘露糖在葡甘露聚糖中的残基相对分子质量与葡甘露聚糖水解后得到的葡萄糖和甘露糖相对分子质量之比,T为KGM水解液比色法测定的吸光值代入标准回归方程得出的对应葡萄糖毫克数:W为魔芋精粉的称取量(mg)。实施例1与各对比例中魔芋精粉的KGM结果如表1所示:
表1 实施例1与各对比例中魔芋精粉的KGM结果
。
由表1结果可知,实施例1制得的魔芋精粉KGM含量显著高于对比例1与对比例2,说明酶水解液与常规浸泡无法提高魔芋精粉的质量,而对比例3制得的魔芋精粉的KGM含量明显低于对比例1与对比例2,而对比例4和5制得的魔芋精粉的KGM含量明显低于实施例1,由此可见,在臭氧水溶液和超声处理协同作用下,才能将魔芋颗粒破碎完全,有效提升魔芋精粉的质量;同样,采用两段式超声波真空分段干燥,也能大大的提升KGM含量。这对于充分利用魔芋资源,提高KGM含量,降低生产成本,提高产品质量等具有一定的意义。本发明对实施例2和3也做了与实施例1相同的对比试验,试验结果与实施例1结果并无明显区别,故在此不多做其他敷述。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种魔芋精粉的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)魔芋预处理:取新鲜魔芋置于流动清水中反复冲洗,待污泥洗净后捞出;
(2)制备魔芋片:魔芋去皮、去牙根,切至2mm的薄片,将魔芋片浸泡于臭氧水溶液进行超声处理,结束后捞出沥干;
(3)预制魔芋细粉:将沥干后的魔芋片碎成细粉,加入等质量的酒精搅拌0.5h后,采用多层纱布滤出魔芋细粉;
(4)均质魔芋细粉:在6000~8000转/min的转速下均质分散处理魔芋细粉;
(5)真空干燥:室温下,将均质分散处理魔芋细粉进行超声波真空干燥,均匀铺平,厚度2cm;
(6)超微粉碎:300目超微粉碎。
2.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述臭氧水溶液浓度为0.3mg/L,超声功率200~300w、频率20~30kHz、温度20~30℃条件下处理6~8min。
3.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酒精溶液的浓度为35%。
4.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述均质分散处理时间为4~6min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述真空干燥为超声波真空间歇干燥:一阶段功率200~300W,频率20~40kHz,真空度0.06MPa,干燥时间40min,随后将魔芋细粉移出设备,室温下放置2h后,继续二阶段干燥,功率500~700W,频率30~40kHz,真空度0.08MPa,干燥时间60min。
6.一种根据权利要求1~5所述任意方法制得的魔芋精粉。
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