CN108884855B - 热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法 - Google Patents

热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法 Download PDF

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CN108884855B
CN108884855B CN201680083481.4A CN201680083481A CN108884855B CN 108884855 B CN108884855 B CN 108884855B CN 201680083481 A CN201680083481 A CN 201680083481A CN 108884855 B CN108884855 B CN 108884855B
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nut
thin
welding
main body
bolt
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CN108884855A (zh
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井加田朗
上原太一
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/561—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using screw-threads being integral at least to one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/567—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/567—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • B29C65/568—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined using a swaging operation, i.e. totally deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81419—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled and flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8167—Quick change joining tools or surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B29C66/92211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power with special measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/942—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by measuring the time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B33/00—Features common to bolt and nut
    • F16B33/006—Non-metallic fasteners using screw-thread
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/04—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
    • F16B37/06—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting
    • F16B37/061—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2001/00—Articles provided with screw threads
    • B29L2001/002—Bolts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2001/00—Articles provided with screw threads
    • B29L2001/005—Nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/02—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down
    • F16B39/026—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down by swaging the nut on the bolt, i.e. by plastically deforming the nut

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

热塑性塑料制螺母具备：螺母主体部(10)，其具备与螺栓(3)的第一螺纹牙(32)螺合的第二螺纹牙(12)；薄壁部(14)，其从螺母主体部(10)向上方突出，能够焊接于第一螺纹牙(32)。螺母主体部(10)的材质包含热塑性树脂，薄壁部(14)的材质包含热塑性树脂。由此，提供一种能够简单地防止螺母松动的热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法。

Description

热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法。
背景技术
在使用螺栓及螺母的紧固机构中，有时为了在长时间的使用中不产生螺母松动而设有防松机构。例如，为了防止金属制螺母从金属制螺栓松动，有时使用开口销(cotterpin)或钢丝。开口销或钢丝将金属制螺栓和金属制螺母之间连结，通过该连结防止螺母的松动。但是，在安装螺母后使用开口销或钢丝的情况下，作业工序增加，另外成本增加。作为替代例，已知有在安装螺母前使外力作用于螺母的外周面，使螺母(特别是螺母的螺纹部)发生塑性变形的技术。通过使用塑性变形后的螺母，防止安装螺母后的螺母松动。但是，关于使螺母的螺纹部塑性变形的螺母，在安装螺母时需要额外的扭矩。其结果，有时螺母的安装作业变得困难。
相比之下，在使用塑料制螺栓及塑料制螺母的情况下，通常在安装螺母后利用粘接剂将螺母与螺栓固定。但是，在使用粘接剂的情况下，根据所使用粘接剂的表面清洁度，粘接性能会大幅变动。因此，粘接的稳定性难以确保。另外，还存在一旦在粘接部分产生剥离，防松机构完全不起作用的问题。
作为其它松动防止方法，已知有双螺母、蝶形弹簧垫、带锁环的螺母等。但是，在使用双螺母的情况下，零件数量变多，成本增加。另外，在螺母的应用中需要双倍的作业量。在使用蝶形弹簧垫的情况下，因蝶形弹簧而产生额外的轴向力。因此，在寻求扭矩及轴向力管理的情况下，难以使用蝶形弹簧垫。另外，带锁环螺母的螺母单体的结构复杂。因此，在使用带锁环的螺母的情况下，制造成本增加。
作为关联技术，在专利文献1中记载有带可变形的圆筒部的螺母及螺母铆接工具。在专利文献1中记载有将螺母固定于输出轴之后将可变形的圆筒部通过铆接工具进行紧固的技术。通过该紧固而将螺母与输出轴铆接固定。
另外，在专利文献2中记载有可熔融的塑料紧固件。在专利文献2中，通过将带突起(extending surface)的螺母焊接于具有圆筒状表面的无螺纹螺栓，将螺母与螺栓固定。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：(日本)实愿平4－84340号(实开平6－41928号)CD－ROM
专利文献2：美国专利第5672036号说明书
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种能够简单地防止螺母松动的热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法。
通过以下的说明和附图能够容易地确认该发明的这些目的和除此之外的目的及益处。
一些实施方式的热塑性塑料制螺母具备：螺母主体部，其具备与螺栓的第一螺纹牙螺合的第二螺纹牙；薄壁部，其从所述螺母主体部向沿着所述螺母主体部的中心轴的第一方向突出，能够焊接于所述第一螺纹牙。
所述螺母主体部的材质包含热塑性树脂。另外，所述薄壁部的材质包含热塑性树脂。
在上述热塑性塑料制螺母中，所述薄壁部可以包含多个薄壁片。所述多个薄壁片可以绕所述中心轴隔开间隔配置。
在上述热塑性塑料制螺母中，所述薄壁部可以是环状。
在上述热塑性塑料制螺母中，所述薄壁部的外侧面可以是沿着所述第一方向距所述中心轴的距离阶段性或连续性变小的面。
一些实施方式中的螺母焊接装置用于将热塑性塑料制螺母焊接于螺栓的第一螺纹牙。螺母焊接装置具备：电源部和焊接装置主体部。所述焊接装置主体部具备：具备与螺母上部的外侧面接触的内侧面的远侧部和生成用于向所述螺母上部的外侧面传递的能量的能量生成部。所述内侧面是距所述焊接装置主体部的中心轴的距离随着朝向上方而变小的面。
在上述螺母焊接装置中，所述远侧部可以具备朝向所述中心轴突出的多个突出部。另外，所述焊接装置主体部可经由所述多个突出部向所述热塑性塑料制螺母提供能量。
在上述螺母焊接装置中，所述远侧部可以具备与螺母主体部外侧面抵接的引导部件。
在上述螺母焊接装置中，还可以具备使所述引导部件的至少一部绕所述中心轴旋转的旋转机构。
一些实施方式中的螺母焊接方法包括：安装工序，将热塑性塑料制螺母安装于热塑性塑料制螺栓；将所述焊接装置主体部向下方移动，使焊接装置主体部与所述热塑性塑料制螺母的上部即螺母上部接触的工序；焊接工序，通过将能量从所述焊接装置主体部传递到所述螺母上部，将所述螺母上部焊接于所述热塑性塑料制螺栓的第一螺纹牙。
在上述螺母焊接方法中，所述螺母上部可以是从螺母主体部向上方突出的薄壁部。
发明效果
根据本发明，能够提供一种可简单地防止螺母松动的热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法。
附图说明
图1是表示使用实施方式中的热塑性塑料制螺母和螺栓将两个被紧固部件紧固的状态的概略剖视图。
图2是表示使用实施方式中的热塑性塑料制螺母和螺栓将两个被紧固部件紧固的状态的概略剖视图。
图3是示意地表示实施方式中的热塑性塑料制螺母的图。
图4是表示螺母焊接方法的流程图。
图5是表示将热塑性塑料制螺母焊接于螺栓前的状态的概略剖视图。
图6是表示将热塑性塑料制螺母焊接于螺栓后的状态的概略剖视图。
图7是表示将热塑性塑料制螺母焊接于螺栓后的状态的概略剖视图。
图8是示意地表示实施方式中的螺母焊接装置的图。
图9是示意地表示第一变形例中的螺母焊接装置的图。
图10是从斜下方观察焊接装置主体部时的概略立体图。
图11是示意地表示第二变形例中的螺母焊接装置的图。
图12是示意地表示第三变形例中的螺母焊接装置的图。
图13是示意地表示控制装置的控制概况的功能框图。
图14是示意地表示第一变形例中的热塑性塑料制螺母的图。
图15是示意地表示使用螺母焊接装置将第一变形例中的热塑性塑料制螺母焊接于螺栓的状态的概略立体图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图对实施方式的热塑性塑料制螺母、螺母焊接装置及螺母焊接方法进行说明。此外，在附图中，在具有相同功能的构成要素中上标注相同的符号。省略关于标注相同符号的构成要素的重复说明。
(术语的定义)
在本说明书中，将螺栓头部3a朝向螺栓轴部3b的方向(换言之，沿着螺母主体部的中心轴的方向且从螺母主体部朝向螺母的薄壁部的方向)定义为“第一方向”。在本说明书中，“上方”与第一方向对应。即，在本说明书中，在现实中，即使第一方向和竖直向上的方向不一致的情况下，也将“第一方向”定义为上方。另外，在本说明书中，“下方”意思是与“上方”相反的方向。
(实施方式中的热塑性塑料制螺母)
参照图1，对实施方式中的热塑性塑料制螺母1进行说明。图1是表示使用热塑性塑料制螺母1和螺栓3将被紧固部件4和被紧固部件5紧固的状态的概略剖视图。
参照图1，热塑性塑料制螺母1具备螺母主体部10和薄壁部14。与薄壁部14的中心轴C垂直的方向的厚度比与螺母主体部10的中心轴C垂直的方向的厚度薄。此外，中心轴C为螺母主体部10的中心轴，中心轴C与螺栓3的中心轴一致。螺母主体部10具备与螺栓3(例如，热塑性塑料制螺栓)的第一螺纹牙32螺合的第二螺纹牙12。通过使螺母主体部10绕中心轴C相对于螺栓3相对旋转，使螺母主体部10的第二螺纹牙12和螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32相互螺合。
薄壁部14从螺母主体部10向上方突出。换言之，薄壁部14从螺母主体部10向沿着中心轴C的第一方向突出。向薄壁部14赋予能量(振动能量或热能)。薄壁部14的至少一部分因接收能量而熔融(软化)，被焊接于螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32。
螺母主体部10的材质包含热塑性树脂，薄壁部14的材质包含热塑性树脂。此外，在图1记载的例中，螺母主体部10的材质和薄壁部14的材质相互一致。而且，螺母主体部10和薄壁部14一体成型。螺母主体部10及薄壁部14的材质例如是聚醚醚酮树脂(PEEK树脂)。
在实施方式中，螺母主体部10由热塑性树脂构成。因此，实现了螺母的轻量化。另外，螺母的薄壁部包含热塑性树脂。因此，通过加热薄壁部，薄壁部容易软化，螺母的薄壁部被焊接于螺栓。其结果，实现了螺母的防松。另外，被加热的部分是薄壁部，因此，加热所需的能量较少。另外，在进行螺母的焊接时，螺母主体部的变形量较少，因此，毛刺或游离物的产生少，焊接后的螺母的外观良好。
此外，在图1中记载的例中，被紧固部件4及被紧固部件5分别是FRP(纤维增强塑料)制的板部件，但被紧固部件4及被紧固部件5的材质及形状是任意的。另外，在图1记载的例中，在薄壁部14也设有螺纹牙(第三螺纹牙16)。但是，如图2所示，也可以在薄壁部14的内侧面不设置螺纹牙。取而代之，也可以在薄壁部14的下方区域的内侧面设置螺纹牙，而在薄壁部14的上方区域的内侧面不设置螺纹牙。此外，在薄壁部14设有第三螺纹牙16的情况下，可以用少的变形量将薄壁部14焊接于螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32。因此，优选在薄壁部14设置第三螺纹牙16。
参照图3，对实施方式中的热塑性塑料制螺母1更详细地进行说明。在图3的上侧记载有热塑性塑料制螺母1的俯视图，在图3的下侧记载有热塑性塑料制螺母1的假想的半体侧视图。
参照图3，螺母主体部10除了设置于螺母主体部的内周面的第二螺纹牙12以外，具备上表面13a、下表面13b、侧面13c。上表面13a构成螺母的肩部。上表面13a也可以作为限制后述的焊接装置主体部400沿着中心轴C移动的止动部起作用。下表面13b是平坦面，是与被紧固部件接触的一侧的面。側面13c是扳手等工具或后述的引导部件470等能够卡合的面。側面13c的与中心轴C垂直的剖面的形状为六边形。
在图3记载的例中，薄壁部14为环状的薄壁部。薄壁部14在其内周面具备第三螺纹牙16。第三螺纹牙16是从螺母主体部10的第二螺纹牙12连续延伸的螺纹牙。另外，在图3记载的例中，薄壁部14具备外侧面17(换言之，外周面)和上表面18。
外侧面17是后述的焊接装置主体部400接触的环状面。更具体而言，外侧面17是距中心轴C的距离随着朝向上方而阶段性或连续地变小的环状面。换言之，外侧面17是随着朝向上方而缩径的环状面。因此，第一，在使后述的焊接装置主体部400向与第一方向相反的方向即第二方向移动时，焊接装置主体部400的中心轴和薄壁部14的中心轴之间的对位变得容易。另外，第二，如图5及图6所示，焊接装置主体部400随着向第二方向移动，熔融对象区域不会突然增加，而是逐渐增加。因此，能够顺利地执行焊接装置主体部400的移动。第三，通过焊接装置主体部400与外侧面接触，在薄壁部14赋予朝向中心轴C方向的压力。因此，促进薄壁部14向螺栓3的熔融。如上，外侧面17是距中心轴C的距离随着朝向上方而变小的环状面，因此，至少上述的三个效果作为协同效应起作用。
另外，在图3记载的例中，外侧面17和中心轴C之间形成的角度(即，倾斜角度)随着朝向上方而阶段性变大。在此，倾斜角度是在经过中心轴C的剖面上，相对于外侧面17的切线和中心轴C之间形成的角度。在图3记载的例中，外侧面17具备上侧倾斜面17a和下侧倾斜面17b。上侧倾斜面17a的倾斜角度θ2比下侧倾斜面17b的倾斜角度θ1大。外侧面17和中心轴C之间形成的角度(倾斜角度)以随着朝向上方而阶段性变大的方式设定，由此，外侧面17容易进入焊接装置主体部400的中央凹部420(参照图5)。另外，焊接装置主体部400及早地与外侧面17的上部区域(例如，上侧倾斜面17a)接触，由此，焊接装置主体部400的中心轴和薄壁部14的中心轴之间的对位迅速进行。
取而代之，在外侧面17和中心轴C之间形成的角度(即，倾斜角度)也可以随着朝向上方而连续地变大。即，外侧面的剖面(经过中心轴C的面中的剖面)也可以包含曲线。取而代之，外侧面的剖面(经过中心轴C的面中的剖面)还可以包含曲线及直线。
薄壁部14的高度H1(换言之，薄壁部14的上表面18和螺母主体部10的上表面13a之间的距离)例如是一个螺纹牙的宽度以上(换言之，第二螺纹牙12的1螺距以上，即，在使螺母绕中心轴C旋转1圈时，螺母沿着中心轴C移动的距离以上)且5个螺纹牙的宽度以下(换言之，第二螺纹牙12的螺距的5倍以下，即，在使螺母绕中心轴C旋转1圈时螺母沿着中心轴C移动的距离的5倍以下)。当高度H1比1个螺纹牙的宽度小时，焊接面积可能不充分。另外，当高度H1比5个螺纹牙的宽度大时，外侧面的倾斜角度可能变小，不能顺利地引导焊接装置主体部400。另外，当高度H1比5个螺纹牙的宽度大时，有时从螺母主体部的上表面13a的突出量过大。其结果，薄壁部及焊接了薄壁部的螺栓轴部3b可能成为障碍。另外，薄壁部14的厚度的最大值(换言之，(薄壁部14的最大外径D1－薄壁部14的下孔径)/2)例如为螺母的厚度(换言之，(螺母主体部10的两面宽度－螺母主体部10的下孔径)/2)的2/3以下。此外，所谓的“两面宽度”是指六边形的相对置的两边间的距离(图3中的第一侧面13c－1和第二侧面13c－2之间的距离)。
(实施方式中的螺母焊接方法)
参照图4～图6对螺母焊接方法进行说明。图4是表示螺母焊接方法的流程图。图5是表示将热塑性塑料制螺母1焊接于螺栓3前的状态的概略剖视图，图6是表示将热塑性塑料制螺母1焊接于螺栓3后的状态的概略剖视图。
参照图4及图5，在第一步骤S1中，在热塑性塑料制的螺栓3上安装热塑性塑料制螺母1。
参照图5及图6，在第二步骤S2中，使焊接装置主体部400向下方移动，从而使焊接装置主体部400与热塑性塑料制螺母1的上部即螺母上部接触。
在第三步骤S3中，通过能量从焊接装置主体部400传递到螺母上部，使螺母上部焊接于螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32。更具体而言，在第三步骤S3中，能量从焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410传递到螺母上部的外侧面。另外，在第三步骤S3中，在螺母上部的外侧面经由焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410的内侧面411施加有朝向螺母主体部10的中心轴C方向的压力。该压力由焊接装置主体部400的内侧面411的形状引起而产生。后面说明内侧面411的具体形状。
此外，在图5记载的例中，在第二步骤S2及第三步骤S3中，与远侧部410的内侧面411接触的仅是螺母上部，螺母下部不与远侧部410的内侧面411接触。因此，螺母下部的外形形状被大致维持，焊接后的螺母的外观良好。
在图5及图6记载的例中，螺母下部是螺母主体部10，螺母上部是从螺母主体部10向上方突出的薄壁部14。另外，螺母上部的外侧面是薄壁部14的外侧面17。取而代之，如图7所示，螺母上部是螺母主体部10的上部，螺母下部是螺母主体部10的下部。但是，在图7记载的例中，螺母主体部的变形大，外观不好。因此，与图7记载的例子相比，图5及图6记载的例子更为优选。
再次参照图5，对焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410的内侧面411的最小直径D2进行说明。与薄壁部14的外侧面17接触的部分即内侧面411的最小直径D2比薄壁部14的外侧面17的最大外径D1小。因此，薄壁部14的外侧面17和焊接装置主体部400的内侧面411可靠地接触，可经由内侧面411对薄壁部14赋予能量。此外，在图5记载的例中，内侧面411的最小直径D2比螺母主体部10的第二螺纹牙12的谷部之间的距离D3(螺纹部外径)大。因此，内侧面411与螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32直接接触的风险小。这种情况下，螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32的变形量少，热塑性塑料制螺母1焊接后的外观良好。取而代之，内侧面411的最小直径D2也可以比螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32的外径D4(螺纹部外径)小。这种情况下，内侧面411与螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32直接接触，由此，第一螺纹牙32也被可靠地熔融(软化)。其结果，热塑性塑料制螺母1从螺栓3的防松更加可靠。
参照图5，焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410具备能够与螺母主体部10的上表面13a接触的远端面415。远端面415为环状的端面。通过使焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410向第二方向移动，远端面415与螺母主体部10的上表面13a接触。通过该接触，焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410被定位。其结果，能够适当限制焊接装置主体部400对热塑性塑料制螺母1的熔融范围(软化范围)。
(实施方式中的螺母焊接装置)
接着，参照图8对螺母焊接装置40进行说明。在图8的上侧记载有螺母焊接装置的概略剖视图，在图8的下侧记载有焊接装置主体部400的仰视图。
参照图8，螺母焊接装置40具备焊接装置主体部400和电源部401。此外，在图8记载的例中，焊接装置主体部400和电源部401经由电力电缆402连接。取而代之，焊接装置主体部400也可以具备电池等电源部。
焊接装置主体部400具备与热塑性塑料制螺母1接触的远侧部410。在图8记载的例中，在远侧部410设有中央凹部420。在使用螺母焊接装置40时，将在该中央凹部420收容螺栓轴部3b的端部和热塑性塑料制螺母1的一部分。
远侧部410具备内侧面411、中央凹部底面412、远端面415、外侧面416。内侧面411是在使用螺母焊接装置40时与螺母上部的外侧面(例如，薄壁部14的外侧面)接触的面。远侧部410具备生成传递到螺母上部的外侧面的能量的能量生成部417。能量生成部417例如是加热器、超声波振子等。在图8记载的例中，能量生成部417以面向内侧面411的方式配置。取而代之，或者远侧部410整体也可以是能量生成部417(例如，超声波振子)。
在图8记载的例中，内侧面411是距焊接装置主体部400的中心轴C1的距离随着朝向上方(从焊接装置主体部400的远侧部朝向焊接装置主体部400的近侧部)而变小的面。换言之，内侧面411具备随着朝向上方而阶段性或连续地缩径的面。因此，能够容易地将热塑性塑料制螺母1引入中央凹部420的内部。另外，通过热塑性塑料制螺母1的外侧面(例如，薄壁部14的外侧面)与内侧面411接触，在热塑性塑料制螺母1的外侧面施加朝向中心轴方向的压力。其结果，热塑性塑料制螺母1向螺栓3的焊接更加可靠。
另外，在图8记载的例中，内侧面411和中心轴C1之间形成的角度(倾斜角度)随着朝向上方而阶段性或连续地变小。此外，倾斜角度是指在经过中心轴C1的剖面上相对于内侧面411的切线和中心轴C1之间形成的角度。在图8记载的例中，内侧面411具备第一内侧面411a(上侧内侧面)、第二内侧面411b(中间内侧面)、第三内侧面411c(下侧内侧面)。第一内侧面411a的倾斜角度(在图8记载的例中为0度)比第二内侧面411b的倾斜角度θ3小。另外，第二内侧面411b的倾斜角度θ3比第三内侧面411c的倾斜角度θ4小。因此，在图8记载的例中，能够更容易地将热塑性塑料制螺母1引入中央凹部420的内部。
此外，在图8记载的例中，第二内侧面411b及第三内侧面411c各自为环状的锥形面。取而代之，内侧面411也可以是随着朝向下方而扩径成喇叭状的曲面。
在图8记载的例中，螺母保护部件419以面向远端面415的方式配置。螺母保护部件419是防止能量传递到热塑性塑料制螺母1的上表面13a的部件。螺母保护部件419可以是例如防止热能量传递到上表面13a的隔热部，也可以是防止振动能量传递到上表面13a的缓冲部件(例如，弹性部件)。通过在焊接装置主体部400中的与热塑性塑料制螺母1的上表面13a相接的部分配置螺母保护部件419，抑制不必要的能量传递到对焊接没有帮助的部分。其结果，焊接后的螺母的外观变得更加良好。
(螺母焊接装置的第一变形例)
参照图9及图10，对螺母焊接装置40的第一变形例进行说明。在图9的上侧记载有螺母焊接装置的概略剖视图(图9的下侧的图中的A－A方向剖视图)，在图9的下侧记载有焊接装置主体部400的仰视图。另外，图10是从斜下方观察焊接装置主体部400时的概略立体图。
第一变形例中的螺母焊接装置40的焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410的形状与图8记载的螺母焊接装置40中的远侧部410的形状不同。在其它方面，第一变形例中的螺母焊接装置40与图8记载的螺母焊接装置40相同。
在图9记载的例子的远侧部410中，内侧面411的一部分朝向从中心轴C1远离的方向后退。即，在远侧部410设有朝向中心轴C1突出的多个突出部430(第一突出部430－1、第二突出部430－2、第三突出部430－3、第四突出部430－4等)。多个突出部430绕中心轴C1隔开间隔配置。此外，多个突出部430优选绕中心轴C1以等间隔配置。另外，在邻接的突出部之间设有凹部440，凹部440规定朝向从中心轴C1远离的方向后退的面。在图9记载的例中，多个凹部440(第一凹部440－1、第二凹部440－2、第三凹部440－3、第四凹部440－4等)绕中心轴C1隔开间隔配置。多个凹部440可以绕中心轴C1以等间隔配置。
突出部430是在螺母焊接时与热塑性塑料制螺母1的薄壁部14接触的部分。另一方面，凹部440的底面441－1至441－4(换言之，内侧面411中的朝向从中心轴C1远离的方向后退的面)是在螺母焊接时不与热塑性塑料制螺母1的薄壁部14接触的部分或接触被抑制的部分。因此，在突出部430的个数为N个时(N为1以上的任意的自然数)，可经由N个突出部430从焊接装置主体部400向热塑性塑料制螺母1提供能量。而且，热塑性塑料制螺母1在N个的部位被焊接于螺栓3。此外，在图9记载的例中，与图8记载的例子相比，焊接装置主体部400的内侧面411和热塑性塑料制螺母1的薄壁部14之间的接触面积变小。因此，螺母焊接时的薄壁部14的变形量变小，螺母焊接后的外观良好。
在图9及图10记载的例中，突出部430的个数为4个，但突出部430的个数也可以为1个、2个、3个或5个以上。但是，在突出部的个数为5个以上、7个以上或9个以上的情况下，由各突出部形成的焊接部分的面积可能变小。其结果，在焊接后，薄壁部可能会容易地从螺栓3剥落。另外，在突出部的个数为1个的情况下，突出部的配置不得不相对于中心轴C1成为非对称。从以上的观点出发，突出部430的个数优选为2个以上8个以下，更优选为2个以上6个以下，进一步优选为2个以上4个以下。
此外，突出部430的内侧面的倾斜角度可以与图8记载的例中的内侧面411的倾斜角度相同。即，突出部430的内侧面和中心轴C1之间形成的角度(倾斜角度)可以随着朝向上方而阶段性或连续地变小。例如，第一内侧面411a－1的倾斜角度(在图9记载的例中为0度)可以比第二内侧面411b－1的倾斜角度θ3小。另外，第二内侧面411b－1的倾斜角度θ3可以比第三内侧面411c－1的倾斜角度θ4小。
(螺母焊接装置的第二变形例)
参照图11，对螺母焊接装置40的第二变形例进行说明。在图11的上侧记载有螺母焊接装置的概略剖视图(图11的下侧的图中的B－B方向剖视图)，在图11的下侧记载有焊接装置主体部400的仰视图。
在图11记载的例中，在焊接装置主体部400的远侧部410设有引导部件470这一点上与图8记载的例不同。在其它方面，图11记载的例与图8记载的例相同。
引导部件470具备引导部件内侧面471。引导部件内侧面471具有与螺母主体部10的外侧面的形状互补的形状。因此，只需将引导部件470配置于螺母主体部10的外侧，就能够使焊接装置主体部400的中心轴C1和热塑性塑料制螺母1的中心轴一致。进而，也可以使用螺母主体部10作为用于使热塑性塑料制螺母1旋转的扳手。
在图11记载的例中，引导部件470可经由任意的卡合机构472安装于焊接装置主体部400。即，引导部件470可以是能够从焊接装置主体部400拆下的附件。取而代之，引导部件470和焊接装置主体部400可以相互固定，引导部件470和焊接装置主体部400还可以一体成型。
此外，也可以使第二变形例和第一变形例组合。即，在第二变形例中的螺母焊接装置中，远侧部410可以具备向中心轴C1突出的多个突出部430。
(螺母焊接装置的第三变形例)
参照图12，对螺母焊接装置40的第三变形例进行说明。在图12的上侧记载有螺母焊接装置的概略剖视图(图12的下侧的图中的E－E方向视剖视图)，在图12的下侧记载有焊接装置主体部400的仰视图。
在图12记载的例中，在螺母焊接装置40具备使引导部件470的引导部旋转的旋转机构这一点上与图11记载的例不同。在其它方面，图12记载的例与图11记载的例相同。
在图12记载的例中，焊接装置主体部400具备具有引导部件内侧面471的引导部476和使引导部476旋转的旋转机构。旋转机构具备例如马达474及齿轮等动力传输机构475。动力传输机构475将来自马达474的驱动力传递到引导部476，使引导部476绕中心轴C1旋转。通过引导部476的旋转，可将热塑性塑料制螺母1安装于螺栓3。在安装了热塑性塑料制螺母1后，引导部476的旋转停止。然后，通过驱动能量生成部417，在热塑性塑料制螺母1上赋予有能量，其结果，热塑性塑料制螺母1焊接于螺栓3。
在图12记载的例中，通过使用螺母焊接装置40的一系列操作，可进行热塑性塑料制螺母向螺栓的紧固和热塑性塑料制螺母向螺栓的焊接。
此外，在图12记载的例中，引导部件470的仅一部分(引导部476)能够绕中心轴C1旋转，但取而代之，引导部件470整体也可以绕中心轴C1旋转。另外，也可以将第三变形例和第一变形例组合。即，在第三变形例中的螺母焊接装置中，远侧部410也可以具备向中心轴C1突出的多个突出部430。
(能量生成部赋予能量的例子)
如图8～图12所示，螺母焊接装置40可以具备控制装置480。控制装置480控制能量生成部417的工作。例如，控制装置480计算从焊接装置主体部400对热塑性塑料制螺母1赋予的能量的累计值，当能量的累计值超过预先设定的阈值时，停止能量生成部417的工作。
例如，假设能量生成部417为超声波振子的情况。参照图13，对控制装置480输入与振动频率F对应的值、与振动器的振幅L对应的值、与作用于热塑性塑料制螺母1的按压力P对应的值、与时间t对应的值。振动频率F和振幅L可以经由输入装置482设定，或者，也可以在螺母焊接装置40中为固定的值。按压力P(t)例如可以通过以面向内侧面411的方式与热塑性塑料制螺母1接触配置的负载传感器484测量。另外，时间t可以通过计时器486测量。通过P(t)×L×F求得功率W。通过将功率W用时间积分，求出功J。控制装置480计算功J，当功J超过预先设定的阈值时，停止能量生成部417的工作。
当能量的累计值超过预先设定的阈值时，通过使能量生成部417的工作自动停止，抑制在热塑性塑料制螺母1上赋予过多能量。
此外，在能量生成部417为加热器的情况下，只需将加热器发散的热量的累计值设为能量的累计值即可。而且，当能量的累计值超过预先设定的阈值时，只要控制控制装置480以使能量生成部417的工作停止即可。
(第一变形例中的热塑性塑料制螺母)
参照图14，对热塑性塑料制螺母1的第一变形例进行说明。在图14的上侧记载有热塑性塑料制螺母1的俯视图，在图14的下侧记载有热塑性塑料制螺母1的G－G方向视图。
热塑性塑料制螺母1具备螺母主体部10和薄壁部14。与薄壁部14的中心轴C垂直的方向的厚度比与螺母主体部10的中心轴C垂直的方向的厚度薄。螺母主体部10的结构与上述的实施方式(例如，参照图1至图3)中的螺母主体部10的结构相同，因此，省略重复的说明。
在图14记载的例中，薄壁部14具备多个薄壁片14－1至薄壁片14－4。在图14记载的例中，薄壁片的个数为4个，但薄壁片的个数也可以为1个、2个、3个或5个以上。但是，在薄壁片的个数为1个或2个的情况下，利用薄壁片引导焊接装置主体部400以使焊接装置主体部400的中心轴与薄壁部14的中心轴一致是困难的。另外，在薄壁片的个数为5个以上、7个以上或9个以上的情况下，各薄壁片向螺栓3的焊接面积可能变小。其结果，在焊接后，各薄壁片可能容易从螺栓3剥离。从以上的观点考虑，薄壁片的个数优选为3个以上8个以下，更优选为3个以上6个以下，进一步优选为3个以上4个以下。此外，优选的是，多个薄壁片绕螺母主体部10的中心轴C以等间隔配置。
薄壁片14－1的结构与其它薄壁片(薄壁片14－2、14－3、14－4等)的结构相同。因此，作为代表，对薄壁片14－1的结构进行说明，省略关于其它薄壁片的结构的说明。薄壁片14－1从螺母主体部10向上方突出。换言之，薄壁片14－1从螺母主体部10向沿着螺母主体部10的中心轴C的第一方向突出。向薄壁片14－1赋予能量(振动能或热能)。薄壁片14－1的至少一部分因受到能量而熔融(软化)，被焊接于螺栓3的第一螺纹牙32。
薄壁片14－1的材质包含热塑性树脂(例如，PEEK树脂)。此外，在图14记载的例中，薄壁片14－1的材质和螺母主体部10的材质相互一致。而且，薄壁片14－1和螺母主体部10一体成型。
在第一变形例中，由焊接装置主体部400加热的部分为薄壁片，因此，加热所需的能量更少。另外，在薄壁部包含多个薄壁片的情况下，与薄壁部为环状的薄壁部的情况相比，从焊接装置主体部400作用于薄壁部14的单位面积的压力变大。另外，在薄壁部为环状的薄壁部的情况下，当压力从焊接装置主体部400作用于薄壁部14时，在环状的薄壁部中产生周向的压缩应力。该压缩应力成为环状的薄壁部14向中心轴C变形时的阻力。相比之下，第一变形例中的薄壁片容易朝向中心轴C变形。从以上的观点出发，在第一变形例中，各薄壁片容易陷入至螺栓的第一螺纹牙32的内部。其结果，热塑性塑料制螺母1的防松变得可靠。另外，在薄壁部包含多个薄壁片的情况下，与薄壁部为环状的薄壁部的情况相比，在焊接螺母时熔融(软化)的体积更少。因此，焊接后的螺母的外观良好。
在图14记载的例中，在薄壁片14－1(其它薄壁片也相同)上设有螺纹牙(第三螺纹牙16b－1)。但是，在薄壁片14－1的内侧面也可以不设置螺纹牙。取而代之，也可以在薄壁片14－1的下方区域的内侧面设置螺纹牙，而在薄壁片14－1的上方区域的内侧面不设置螺纹牙。
在图14记载的例中，薄壁片14－1(其它薄壁片也相同)具备外侧面17－1和上表面18－1。外侧面17－1是焊接装置主体部400接触的面。更具体而言，外侧面17－1是距中心轴C的距离随着朝向上方而阶段性或连续地变小的面。因此，第一，在使焊接装置主体部400向第二方向(下方)移动时，焊接装置主体部400的中心轴和薄壁部14的中心轴之间的对位变得容易。另外，第二，随着焊接装置主体部400向第二方向(下方)移动，熔融对象区域不会突然增加，而是逐渐增加。因此，能够顺利地执行焊接装置主体部400的移动。第三，通过焊接装置主体部400与外侧面17－1接触，向薄壁片14－1施加朝向中心轴C方向的压力。因此，促进薄壁片14－1向螺栓3的焊接。如上，外侧面17－1为距中心轴C的距离随着朝向上方而渐渐变小的面，因此，至少上述的三个效果作为协同效果起作用。
另外，在图14记载的例中，外侧面17－1和中心轴C之间形成的角度(即倾斜角度)随着朝向上方而阶段性地变大。在此，倾斜角度是指，在经过中心轴C的剖面上，相对于外侧面17－1的切线和中心轴C之间形成的角度。在图14所述的例子中，外侧面17－1具备上侧倾斜面17a－1和下侧倾斜面17b－1。上侧倾斜面17a－1的倾斜角度比下侧倾斜面17b－1的倾斜角度大。外侧面17－1和中心轴C之间形成的角度(倾斜角度)以随着朝向上方而阶段性或连续地变大的方式设定，由此，外侧面17－1容易进入焊接装置主体部400的中央凹部420(参照图5)。另外，通过焊接装置主体部400及早地与外侧面17－1的上部区域(例如，上侧倾斜面17a－1)接触，迅速地进行焊接装置主体部400的中心轴和薄壁部14的中心轴之间的对位。
取而代之，外侧面17－1和中心轴C之间的形成角度(即倾斜角度)也可以随着朝向上方而连续地变大。即，外侧面17－1的剖面(经过中心轴C的面中的剖面)可以包含曲线。取而代之，外侧面17－1的剖面(经过中心轴C的面中的剖面)也可以包含曲线及直线。
薄壁部14的高度H1(换言之，薄壁片14－1的上表面18－1和螺母主体部10的上表面13a之间的距离)例如为1个螺纹牙的宽度以上(换言之，第二螺纹牙12的1螺距以上，即，螺母绕中心轴C旋转1圈时螺母沿着中心轴C移动的距离以上)且5个螺纹牙的宽度以下(换言之，第二螺纹牙12的螺距的5倍以下，即，螺母绕中心轴C旋转1圈时螺母沿着中心轴C移动的距离的5倍以下)。另外，薄壁片14－1的厚度的最大值(换言之，(穿过多个薄壁片的虚拟圆的最大外径－形成于多个薄壁片的内侧的虚拟孔的下孔径)/2)例如为，螺母的厚度(换言之，(螺母主体部10的两面宽度－螺母主体部10的下孔径)/2)的2/3以下。
使用第一变形例中的热塑性塑料制螺母1的焊接方法与使用上述实施方式中的热塑性塑料制螺母1的焊接方法相同。因此，省略重复的说明。此外，为了将第一变形例中的热塑性塑料制螺母1焊接于螺栓3，例如，只需使用图8、图11或图12记载的螺母焊接装置即可。图15是示意地表示使用螺母焊接装置将第一变形例中的热塑性塑料制螺母1焊接于螺栓3的情况的概略立体图。此外，在图15中，为了将中央凹部420内的状态表示得让人容易理解，将焊接装置主体部400的靠近读者一側的半体切开表示。
此外，本说明书中不排除将实施方式或变形例中的热塑性塑料制螺母1与在背景技术栏记载的技术一起使用。
很明显，本发明不限于上述各实施方式，在本发明的技术构思的范围内，各实施方式可以进行适当变形或变更。另外，只要不产生技术上的矛盾，在各实施方式或变形例中使用的各种技术可以应用于其它实施方式或变形例。
本专利申请基于日本国专利申请号特愿2016－071486，且基于该申请主张优先权。该申请的公开内容通过援引被引入本专利申请。

Claims (9)

1.一种热塑性塑料制螺母，其具备：
螺母主体部，其具备通过使所述螺母主体部绕中心轴相对于螺栓相对旋转，而与所述螺栓的第一螺纹牙螺合的第二螺纹牙；
薄壁部，其在使所述螺栓与所述螺母主体部的所述第二螺纹牙螺合时，焊接于所述螺栓的所述第一螺纹牙，并且从所述螺母主体部向沿着所述螺母主体部的中心轴的第一方向突出，
所述螺母主体部的材质包含热塑性树脂，
所述薄壁部的材质包含热塑性树脂。
2.如权利要求1所述热塑性塑料制螺母，其中，
所述薄壁部包含多个薄壁片，
所述多个薄壁片绕所述中心轴隔开间隔配置。
3.如权利要求1所述的热塑性塑料制螺母，其中，
所述薄壁部为环状。
4.如权利要求1～3中任一项所述的热塑性塑料制螺母，其中，
所述薄壁部的外侧面是沿着所述第一方向距所述中心轴的距离阶段性或连续性变小的面。
5.一种螺母焊接装置，用于将热塑性塑料制螺母焊接于螺栓的第一螺纹牙，具备：
电源部、和
焊接装置主体部，
所述焊接装置主体部具备：
具备与螺母上部的外侧面接触的内侧面的远侧部、和
生成用于向所述螺母上部的外侧面传递的能量的能量生成部，
所述内侧面是距所述焊接装置主体部的中心轴的距离随着朝向上方而变小的面，
所述远侧部具备与螺母主体部外侧面抵接的引导部件。
6.如权利要求5所述的螺母焊接装置，其中，
所述远侧部具备朝向所述中心轴突出的多个突出部，
所述焊接装置主体部经由所述多个突出部向所述热塑性塑料制螺母提供能量。
7.如权利要求5所述的螺母焊接装置，其中，
还具备使所述引导部件的至少一部分绕所述中心轴旋转的旋转机构。
8.一种螺母焊接方法，其包括：
安装工序，将热塑性塑料制螺母安装于热塑性塑料制螺栓；
将焊接装置主体部向下方移动，使焊接装置主体部与所述热塑性塑料制螺母的上部即螺母上部接触的工序；
焊接工序，通过将能量从所述焊接装置主体部传递到所述螺母上部，将所述螺母上部焊接于所述热塑性塑料制螺栓的第一螺纹牙。
9.如权利要求8所述的螺母焊接方法，其中，
所述螺母上部是从螺母主体部向上方突出的薄壁部。
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