CN108883692A - 用于混合动力式机动车的混合动力式动力传动系 - Google Patents

用于混合动力式机动车的混合动力式动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN108883692A
CN108883692A CN201780018815.4A CN201780018815A CN108883692A CN 108883692 A CN108883692 A CN 108883692A CN 201780018815 A CN201780018815 A CN 201780018815A CN 108883692 A CN108883692 A CN 108883692A
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gear
shaft
combustion engine
internal combustion
floating
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CN108883692B (zh
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S·胡梅尔
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Audi AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383One-way clutches or freewheel devices
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H3/08Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/10Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with one or more one-way clutches as an essential feature
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力式机动车的混合动力式动力传动系,具有借助于切换元件能切换到不同的变速比级的变速器(1),该变速器通过内燃机轴(3)与内燃机(7)连接,通过电机轴(9)与电机(11)连接以及通过输出轴(13)与至少一个车桥(VA)传动连接,其中内燃机轴(3)和电机轴(9)彼此轴线平行地布置。变速器(1)实施为圆柱齿轮变速器,其中内燃机轴(3)、电机轴(9)和输出轴(13)可以通过形成齿轮平面的圆柱齿轮组彼此传动连接,该圆柱齿轮组可以借助于切换元件切换。

Description

用于混合动力式机动车的混合动力式动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分所述的用于混合动力式机动车的混合动力式动力传动系。
背景技术
这种混合动力式动力传动系除具有内燃机外还具有可自动切换的变速器,该变速器可以通过内燃机轴与内燃机连接并可以通过电机轴与电机连接。自动变速器如此设计,使得电机可以作为启动/发电机针对无牵引力中断的变速器挡位调节运行、针对纯电动行驶运行或针对混合动力行驶来运行。在相应的驾驶员愿望下,可以在转矩增强模式(即在增大的功率需求时,例如在超车过程中)中通过由电机附加地提供的转矩实现加速。在这种情况下,电机作为唯一动力源、或作为辅助动力源、或作为起动器或用于产生电流和再生能量的发电机。这种类型的混合动力式动力传动系示例性地在文献DE 10 2005 040 769 A1中已知,其中变速器由两个行星齿轮组构成,这两个行星齿轮组可以通过多个切换元件、即离合器和制动器切换。
从文献DE 10 2008 047 288 A1中已知一种用于混合动力驱动的车辆的混合动力式动力传动系,该混合动力式动力传动系的变速器实施为双离合变速器。在变速器中引向内燃机的内燃机轴和引向电机的电机轴彼此轴线平行地布置。变速器在输出侧可以通过输出轴与至少一个车桥传动联接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种混合动力式动力传动系,与现有技术相比该混合动力式动力传动系以结构简单、构造空间有利的结构实现了自由度更大的功能性。
上述目的通过权力要求1的特征实现。本发明的优选的改进方案在从属权利要求中公开。
根据权利要求1的特征部分,变速器不再构造成双离合变速器或以行星齿轮组构成,而是单纯地构造成圆柱齿轮变速器,其中内燃机轴、电机轴和输出轴可以通过圆柱齿轮组彼此传动连接,而且完全取消了行星齿轮组。圆柱齿轮组形成能通过切换元件切换的齿轮平面。以这种方式实现了简单构成的变速器结构,该变速器结构与行星齿轮变速器相比可以明显更加有效地运行。
在以下还要描述的实施变型中,变速器为切换六个内燃机的前进挡位和三个电机的前进挡位总共具有六个同步单元,而且还具有正好四个挡位调节器、一个超越离合器以及一个膜片式离合器。
在一个实施变型中,变速器可以具有与内燃机轴并与电机轴轴线平行的中间轴。中间轴可以通过形成第一齿轮平面RE-V4的圆柱齿轮组与输出轴连接。替代和/或附加地,中间轴也可以通过形成第二齿轮平面RE-E1的圆柱齿轮组与电机轴连接,和/或通过形成第三齿轮平面的圆柱齿轮组与电机轴连接。中间轴也可以通过形成第四齿轮平面的圆柱齿轮组与内燃机轴连接。
在技术方案中,第一齿轮平面RE-V4包括以不能相对转动的方式在输出轴上支承的齿轮和与之啮合的、以不能相对转动的方式在中间轴上支承的齿轮。第一齿轮平面RE-V4也可以包括在内燃机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮,该浮动齿轮与中间轴齿轮啮合并可以通过切换元件SE-E与内燃机轴耦合。
第二齿轮平面RE-E1可以包括在电机轴上以不能相对转动的方式支承的齿轮和与之啮合的中间轴齿轮,该中间轴齿轮可以通过超越离合器与中间轴耦合。在一技术方案中,可以为超越离合器配设切换元件SE-D,该切换元件在牵引模式位置中允许转矩从电机向中间轴的方向传递,并在相反方向上具有超越离合器功能,就是说,禁止转矩传递。在牵引模式/惯性滑行模式位置中,切换元件允许在两个方向上传递转矩。在另外的空转位置中,切换元件能够在两个方向上禁止转矩传递。
替代和/或附加地,第三齿轮平面RE-E3可以包括在中间轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮,该浮动齿轮可以通过切换元件SE-C与中间轴耦合。第三齿轮平面的浮动齿轮可以与在电机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮啮合,该浮动齿轮可以通过切换元件、特别是通过膜片式离合器与电机轴耦合。
第三齿轮平面RE-E3也可以包括在内燃机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮。这个浮动齿轮可以或者通过切换元件SE-A与第一齿轮平面RE-V4的在内燃机轴上支承的浮动齿轮耦合或者通过切换元件SE-B与内燃机轴耦合。
第四齿轮平面RE-V5可以在一个实施变型中包括在中间轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮,该浮动齿轮可以通过切换元件SE-C与中间轴耦合。上述的浮动齿轮可以与在内燃机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮啮合,该浮动齿轮可以通过切换元件SE-B与内燃机轴耦合。
优选的是,第四齿轮平面RE-V5的在中间轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮和第三齿轮平面RE-E3的在中间轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮都以不能相对转动的方式布置在空心轴上,该空心轴以可转动的方式同轴地支承在中间轴上。空心轴可以通过正好一个切换元件SE-C与中间轴耦合。
在下面的实施变型中,可以减少在变速器中安装的切换元件的数量。就此,可以使上述的切换元件SE-A与也已经说明的切换元件SE-E合成为一个公共的切换元件SE-A。该公共的切换元件在第一切换位置中可以使第一齿轮平面RE-V4的在内燃机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮与内燃机轴耦合,在第二切换位置中与第三齿轮平面RE-E3的在内燃机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮耦合。
在一个减少构件的构造变型中,输出轴可以实施为车桥的车桥差速器的小齿轮轴。在全轮驱动的情况下,在中间轴上以不能相对转动的方式布置的齿轮不仅与在输出轴上以不能相对转动的方式布置的齿轮啮合,而且与引向第二车桥的万向轴的固定齿轮啮合。为了减小构造空间优选提出,电机轴实施为以可转动的方式同轴支承在万向轴上的空心轴。
在简单地实现倒车挡方面,电机可以以相反的转动方向运行(就是说,电机方式的倒车挡)。替代地,变速器可以包括形成倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR的圆柱齿轮组。在第一实施形式中,倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR可以包括在内燃机轴上以可转动的方式支承的、可以通过切换元件SE-R与内燃机轴耦合的浮动齿轮和与之啮合的、在电机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮,该浮动齿轮与在电机轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮一同以不能相对转动的方式布置在空心轴上,该空心轴以可转动的方式同轴支承在电机轴上并可以通过切换元件K与电机轴耦合。
替代地也可以的是,倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR包括以不能相对转动的方式在内燃机轴上布置的齿轮,该齿轮在中间连接有中间齿轮的情况下与在中间轴上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮啮合。该浮动齿轮可以通过切换元件SE-C与以可转动的方式支承在中间轴上的空心轴耦合。
替代地也可以的是,放弃提供附加的倒车挡齿轮平面并代替于此提供与内燃机轴轴线平行的倒车挡轴。浮动齿轮以可转动的方式支承在倒车挡轴上,该浮动齿轮可以与第二齿轮平面RE-E1的在中间轴上支承的浮动齿轮啮合,并可以通过切换元件SE-R与倒车挡轴耦合。在倒车挡轴上也可以布置能与输出轴的固定齿轮啮合的固定齿轮。
在构造空间有利的实施方案方面,所有的齿轮平面都可以沿轴向方向布置在内燃机和电机之间。特别是第一齿轮平面RE-V4或替代地第二齿轮平面RE-E1可以定位在面对内燃机的变速器侧上。
根据本发明的变速器既可以用于纵置的动力传动系,也可以用于横置的动力传动系。在纵置构造中,电机沿车辆纵向方向在变速器后方布置在通道中。为此可以通过变速器实施以下的切换方式,即(单重或多重的)升档切换或降挡切换、开动、切断或转换。始终可以在纯电动或纯内燃机的运行以及混合动力运行之间任意地切换。以这种方式在车辆的加速行驶期间(例如从0加速到100km/h或从80km/h加速到120km/h)提供了多种切换可能性。变速器还能实现停车充电,在低速运行(即在开始行驶期间的行驶状态,其中膜片式离合器以半离合/滑磨方式运行)中充电和在行驶期间(作为负荷点升高)或再生运行期间充电。
通过上述变速器结构可以实现具有两个或四个齿轮啮合的电机方式的和内燃机方式的前进挡位。内燃机方式的倒车挡位根据实施方式具有三个或五个齿轮啮合。
本发明的上述的和/或在从属权利要求中示出的有利的设计方案和/或改进方案可以——除了例如存在明确的相关性或彼此不兼容——单独地或以彼此任意组合的方式应用。
附图说明
下面根据附图详细说明本发明和本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案以及优点。
附图示出:
图1示出实施为圆柱齿轮变速器的混合动力式变速器的框图;
图2a示出在图1中示出的变速器的切换阵列;
图2b示出切换阵列,由其可见在内燃机驱动的挡位之间无牵引力中断地切换时电机的辅助挡位;
图2c示出在内燃机驱动的挡位之间无牵引力中断的切换过程的图表;
图3示出图1所示的变速器的第二实施例;和
图4至7示出混合动力式变速器的其它实施例。
附图说明
图1示出的能自动切换的车辆变速器1是未示出的混合动力驱动的机动车的混合动力式动力传动系的组成部分。可借助于切换元件切换不同的变速比级的变速器1通过带有在中间连接的扭转减振器5的内燃机轴3与内燃机7连接,以及通过电机轴9与电机11连接。电机11可以为了转矩转换而具有副轴(Vorgelege)。为此,变速器1在输出侧通过输出轴13与车辆的前桥VA传动连接。输出轴13作为小齿轮轴与前车桥差速器15的锥齿轮传动机构作用连接。
由图1另外可见,内燃机轴3、电机轴9以及布置在中间的中间轴17彼此轴线平行地布置。中间轴17、电机轴9以及输出轴13能通过圆柱齿轮组彼此传动连接,该圆柱齿轮组能通过切换元件切换。圆柱齿轮组形成彼此平行地布置的齿轮平面,这些齿轮平面根据图1沿轴向方向都位于内燃机7与电机11之间。
下面说明在图1中示出的变速器结构:中间轴17可以通过第一齿轮平面RE-V4与输出轴13连接并通过第二齿轮平面RE-E1与电机轴9连接。中间轴17还可以在第三齿轮平面RE-E3上与电机轴9连接以及与内燃机轴3连接,并可以通过第四齿轮平面RE-V5与内燃机轴3连接。
第一齿轮平面RE-V4包括以不能相对转动的方式在输出轴13上支承的齿轮19和与之啮合的、以不能相对转动的方式在中间轴17上支承的齿轮21。第一齿轮平面RE-V4还具有以可转动的方式支承在内燃机轴上的浮动齿轮23,该浮动齿轮与中间轴齿轮21啮合并可以通过切换元件SE-E与内燃机轴3耦合。
第二齿轮平面RE-E1包括在电机轴9上以不能相对转动的方式支承的齿轮25和与之啮合的中间轴齿轮27,该中间轴齿轮可以通过超越离合器F与中间轴17连接。为超越离合器F配设可以切换到三个运行位置的切换元件SE-D。在第一牵引模式位置中(就是说在图2a切换阵列中的SE-D的中间位置)可以从电机11向中间轴17的方向传递转矩,并在相反的方向上激活超越离合器功能,就是说禁止转矩传递。如果中间轴齿轮27比与中间轴17耦合的超越离合器内侧28快地转动,则中间轴齿轮27驱动与中间轴17耦合的超越离合器内侧28。在第二牵引模式/惯性滑行位置中(就是说在图2a的切换阵列中SE-D的右侧的位置),可以在两个方向是上传递转矩。而在第三空转位置(就是说在图2a的切换阵列中的SE-D的左侧的位置)禁止在两个方向上的转矩传递,这是在以下描述的停车充电运行和在内燃机起动时所需要的。
第三齿轮平面RE-E3包括在中间轴17上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮29和与之啮合的、在电机轴9上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮31,浮动齿轮29可以通过切换元件SE-C与中间轴17耦合,浮动齿轮31可以通过膜片式离合器K与电机轴9耦合。第三齿轮平面RE-E3还具有在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮33,该浮动齿轮22可以通过切换元件SE-A与第一齿轮平面RE-V4的在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮23耦合或通过切换元件SE-B与内燃机轴3耦合。
第四齿轮平面RE-V5包括在中间轴17上支承的浮动齿轮35,该浮动齿轮可以通过切换元件SE-C与中间轴17耦合并与在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮37啮合。浮动齿轮37可以通过上述的切换元件SE-B与内燃机轴3耦合。
第四齿轮平面RE-V5的在中间轴17上支承的浮动齿轮35和第三齿轮平面RE-E3的同样在中间轴17上支承的浮动齿轮29以不能相对转动的方式布置在以可转动的方式同轴地支承在中间轴17上的空心轴39上。空心轴39可以通过正好一个切换元件SE-C与中间轴17耦合。
由图1另外可见,变速器1具有附加的倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR,该倒车挡齿轮平面由在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮41和与之啮合的、在电机轴9上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮43构成。浮动齿轮41可以通过切换元件SE-R与内燃机轴3耦合,而齿轮43与第三齿轮平面RE-E3的在电机轴9上支承的浮动齿轮31以不能相对转动的方式共同布置在空心轴45上,该空心轴以可转动的方式同轴地支承在电机轴9上,并可以通过膜片式离合器K与电机轴9耦合。在挂入倒车挡时,形成的载荷路径从内燃机7通过内燃机轴3、倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR以及通过接合的膜片式离合器K直到第二齿轮平面RE-E1的在电机轴9上支承的固定齿轮25,并进一步通过超越离合器F和切换元件SE-D到达齿轮平面RE-V4。因此倒车挡实现为曲径挡,除了倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR外,该倒车挡还使用第二齿轮平面RE-E1和第一齿轮平面RE-V4。
在图1中,内燃机轴3不设有齿轮,就是说内燃机轴3不具有在内燃机轴上以不能相对转动的方式布置的齿轮,而是仅具有两个同步装置(在SE-B和在SE-R中)以及一个接合齿部(在SE-E中)。为此在图1中,在第一齿轮平面RE-V4的在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮23的两侧分别布置切换元件SE-E和切换元件SE-A。通过这两个切换元件SE-E与SE-A可以将电机11与内燃机7同时连接在第一齿轮平面RE-V4的浮动齿轮23上。
在上述的变速器结构中,电机11可以在不同的位置上(即P2位置、P3位置)连接在动力传动系上。因此,电机11可以通过P2载荷路径在P2-位置上(就是说靠近输入侧并在变速器1中)连接在第一齿轮平面RE-V4上。P2载荷路径从电机11经过电机轴9、接合的膜片式离合器K、空心轴45、第三齿轮平面RE-E3和接合的切换元件SE-A延伸至第一齿轮平面RE-V4的在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮23。P2位置相当于其中电机11在内燃机7与变速器1之间传动连接的电机位置。
替代地,电机11可以通过P3载荷路径在P3位置上(即靠近输出侧并在变速器1中)连接在第一齿轮平面RE-V4上。P3载荷路径从电机11经过电机轴9、第二齿轮平面RE-E1连同第二齿轮平面的超越离合器F以及中间轴17延伸至第一齿轮平面RE-V4的中间轴齿轮21。
在图1中示出的切换元件SE-A、SE-B、SE-C、SE-D、SE-R、SE-E可以设计为已知的以及在变速器中常见的单同步离合器或双同步离合器,以电子控制的方式通过相应的电/液压操纵的执行器从中性位置/非作用位置(如所示出的)开始切换这些切换元件。离合器K可以是能液压地动力切换的膜片式离合器。
利用图1所示的变速器装置,可以在仅四个圆柱齿轮组的情况下实现多个前进挡位的切换。例如在图2a的切换阵列中实现了六个内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM6和三个电机驱动的挡位级EM1至EM3,借助于这些挡位和挡位级,混合动力式动力传动系可以以纯电动方式、纯内燃机方式以及混合动力运行方式(就是说,例如VM/EM转矩增强、EM再生)运行。也可以如此设计变速器1,使得能从每个任意的当前挡位开始通过最多两次切换无牵引力中断地实现任意目标挡位,并还存在多重降挡切换的可能性(例如从VM5向VM3或从VM5向VM2切换)。
切换元件SE-A至SE-R以及膜片式离合器K如此设计,使得在齿轮组切换时这些切换元件和离合器可以进行同步。
如从切换阵列(图2a)得知,内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM3设计为曲径挡,曲径挡使用所有四个齿轮平面。挡位VM4至VM6设计为单挡位/有级挡位,单挡位或者仅使用齿轮平面RE-V4(VM4)或者使用齿轮平面RE-V4与齿轮平面RE-V5的组合(VM5)或者使用齿轮平面RE-V4与第三齿轮平面RE-V6的组合(VM6)。
在电机的第一挡位EM1中,切换元件SE-D压向右侧。由此得到如此的载荷路径,在该载荷路径中包含有电机轴9、第二齿轮平面RE-E1连同超越离合器F、中间轴17以及第一齿轮平面RE-V4。在电机的第一挡位EM1中,膜片式离合器K分离。与之不同地,在电机的第二挡位EM2中,膜片式离合器K接合且切换元件SE-A被操纵。在(EM2中)形成的载荷路径中包含有电机轴9、膜片式离合器K、空心轴45、第三齿轮平面RE-E3、切换元件SE-A以及第一齿轮平面RE-V4。电机的第二挡位EM2因此是曲径挡,曲径挡使用第三齿轮平面RE-E3以及第一齿轮平面RE-V4。这同样适用于电机的第三挡位EM3,该第三挡位的载荷路径不是通过切换元件SE-A,而是通过接合的切换元件SE-C和中间轴17延伸至第一齿轮平面RE-V4。以这种方式,可以借助于超越离合器F和膜片式离合器K在挡位EM1与EM2之间以及在挡位EM1与EM3之间实现无牵引力中断的载荷切换。而在EM2与EM3之间,通过电机的第一挡位EM1实现无牵引力中断的切换,该第一挡位在这种情况下作为辅助挡位起作用(就是说,切换顺序为EM2-EM1-EM3或EM3-EM1-EM2)。
如切换阵列(图2a)所示,可以在电机驱动的挡位EM1至EM3中的每个挡位中结合不同的内燃机驱动的挡位(例如EM1+VM1或EM1+VM3)。这同样适用于内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM6(例如VM4+EM1或VM4+EM3)。因此,变速器1可以同时以不同的内燃机驱动的挡位和电机驱动的挡位运行。
由切换阵列(图2a)另外可见,可以从所有的内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM6开始切换到电机的第一挡位EM1中,或可以在混合动力运行中使所有的内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM6与电机第一挡位EM1组合。也可以从内燃机驱动的挡位VM3和VM4起切换到电机第二挡位EM2,或可以在混合动力运行中使内燃机驱动的挡位V3和V4与电机第二挡位EM2组合。也可以从内燃机驱动的挡位VM4、VM5和VM6起切换到电机的第三挡位EM3,或可以在混合动力运行中将内燃机驱动的挡位VM4、VM5和VM6与电机第三挡位EM3组合。这同样适用于相反的切换方向,就是说同样适用于从电机驱动的挡位切换到内燃机驱动的挡位。
由切换阵列(图2a)另外可见,通过内燃机驱动的挡位VM1和VM2各提供一集成有电机轴9的载荷路径,就是说,电机轴9在挡位VM1和VM2中一同转动。与此不同地,通过内燃机驱动的挡位VM3至VM6分别提供不集成有电机轴9的载荷路径,就是说,电机轴9在挡位VM3至VM6中不一同转动,而是停止的。电机11因此在挡位VM3至VM6中从动力传动系脱开。
还要强调的是,电机驱动的挡位EM1至EM3分别提供不集成有内燃机轴3的载荷路径,就是说,在切换到挡位EM1至EM3时内燃机轴3不一同转动,而是停止的。因此在切换到挡位EM1至EM3时内燃机7从动力传动系脱开。
下面重点介绍可借助于变速器1实现的特殊的行驶运行方式:
按如下方式,通过在图1中示出的变速器结构从车辆停止状态开始实现内燃机驱动方式的起动:在车辆停止状态中,内燃机7以怠速转速运行。切换元件SE-E和SE-C处于其中性位置,即分离位置。切换元件SE-A接合,切换元件SE-B被向右操纵,膜片式离合器K仍分离。在这种状态下,内燃机轴3驱动第四齿轮平面RE-V5并通过空心轴39驱动第三齿轮平面RE-E3以及驱动在电机轴9上以可转动的方式支承的空心轴45,并使其具有与内燃机7的怠速转速相关联的转速。为了起动而接合膜片式离合器K,由此实现了转矩从空心轴45、电机轴9通过超越离合器F输出侧的传递(就是说传递到齿轮平面RE-V4)。虽然在内燃机7与变速器1之间不存在起动元件,但是通过变速器结构也能实现电机驱动方式的起动。
通过变速器1还能实现转矩增强模式(Boost-Betrieb),在转矩增强模式中为各个内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM6提供用于增强转矩的多个电机驱动的挡位。反过来,也为各个电机驱动的挡位EM1至EM3提供用于增强转矩的多个内燃机驱动的挡位。
在以电机运行中,通过在图1中示出的变速器结构按照如下方式实现无牵引力中断的切换:在电机的第一挡位EM1中力流从电机11、电机轴9、超越离合器F和第二齿轮平面RE-E1的切换元件SE-D以及中间轴17延伸至第一齿轮平面RE-V4。为了无牵引力中断地切换到电机的第二挡位EM2,首先接合切换元件SE-A,随后接合膜片式离合器K。由此设定力流:从在电机轴9上支承的空心轴45、第三齿轮平面RE-E3、被操纵的切换元件SE-A和被切换的浮动齿轮23延伸至第一齿轮平面RE-V4。基于传动比,使超越离合器F的超越离合器内侧28和与齿轮27连接的超越离合器外侧分离,从而不再从电机11通过超越离合器F进行转矩传递,并切换到挡位EM2。在降挡切换到第一挡位EM1中时,首先断开膜片式离合器K,由此膜片式离合器的内侧膜片载体滑转,从而电机轴9上的转速升高,直到超越离合器F再次接合。也可以在挡位EM1与挡位EM3之间实现同样的无牵引力中断的切换。
如果车辆处于车辆停止状态中、例如在交通信号灯或堵车时,通过在图1中示出的变速器结构还实现了电机1的停车充电(在图2a的切换阵列中以SL表示)。在这种情况下,向右侧操纵切换元件SE-B,以使内燃机轴3与第四齿轮平面RE-V5并与在电机轴9上以可转动的方式支承的空心轴45连接。超越离合器F被切换到空转位置中,在该空转位置中在两个方向上激活空转,就是说在两个方向上都不能传递转矩(即在图2a的切换阵列中的SE-D的li)。在这种情况下力流从内燃机7通过内燃机轴3、换元件SE-B、第四齿轮平面RE-V5、空心轴39、第三齿轮平面RE-E3、空心轴45和接合的离合器K延伸至电机11。还要强调的是,停车充电运行可以在不挂入驻车锁的情况下实施。
如上所述,在车辆停止状态中,运行中的内燃机7通过膜片式离合器K的接合与电机7连接,因此对用于电动行驶或用于倒车的动力电池充电。在这种情况下,切换元件SE-D在其第三空转位置(即在图2a的切换阵列中SE-D的li位置),由此中断在两个方向上的转矩传递。
可以借助于电机11实施内燃机起动(在图2a的切换阵列中以VM-S表示)。电机11可以通过如下的载荷路径起动内燃机7,在该载荷路径中向右或向左操纵切换元件SE-B,并且将超越离合器F切换到其空转位置(即在图2a的切换阵列中SE-D的li)。通过接合膜片式离合器K,电机11可以在启动时起动内燃机7。电机11可以在接合的膜片式离合器K的情况下待命(即不运转),并在开始运行时起动内燃机7。替代地,电机11可以在膜片式离合器K分离时已设定了规定的转速,然后通过接合膜片式离合器K起动内燃机7。
也可以借助于电机11在内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM6之间实现无牵引力中断的切换,如在图2b的切换阵列中示出的那样。在切换阵列中,在上方的横行中并在侧向的竖列中列出六个内燃机驱动的挡位VM1至VM6。这些挡位在水平和竖直的延长线上在记录了数字1、2和/或3的小方块中交汇。在小方块中记录的数字1、2或3用来表示电机驱动的挡位EM1、EM2、EM3,这些电机驱动的挡位可以在内燃机驱动方式的切换中作为辅助挡位起作用。挂入的电机的辅助挡位在切换过程中提供了在电机11与变速器输出之间的辅助载荷路径。在切换过程期间(即内燃机7与动力传动系解耦)电机11可以产生驱动力矩,该驱动力矩通过辅助载荷路径向输出侧传递。
下面示例性地说明在行驶运行中从内燃机驱动的挡位VM5切换到内燃机驱动的挡位VM3的无牵引力中断的切换过程。根据图2b中的切换阵列,在这个切换过程中电机驱动的挡位EM1作为辅助挡位:在挡位VM5中将切换元件SE-B向右侧切换,切换元件SE-C被操纵(对比图2a的切换表)。由此,载荷路径从内燃机7、第四齿轮平面RE-V5、中间轴17延伸至第一齿轮平面RE-V4。在切换过程开始时,内燃机7被断开,电机11以相同程度开始运行。如果第二齿轮平面RE-E1的在超越离合器F上支承的齿轮27转动得比中间轴17快,就从内燃机7向电机11传递载荷。当载荷传递到电机11上之后,就执行从当前的挡位VM5到目标挡位VM3的切换过程,就是说切换元件SE-C切换到中性位置中,切换元件A被操纵,切换元件SE-B保持被切换到右侧。由此得到从内燃机7通过切换元件SE-B、第四齿轮平面RE-V5、在中间轴17上以可转动的方式支承的空心轴39、第三齿轮平面RE-E3、切换元件A直到第一齿轮平面RE-V4的载荷路径。在切换过程结束时,内燃机7再次被接通,电机11以相同程度被关闭。如果中间轴17转动得比第二齿轮平面RE-E1的在超越离合器F上支承的齿轮27快,就使超越离合器内侧28与齿轮27分离,就是说,进行从电机11向内燃机7的载荷传递,并切换到目标挡位VM3。
上述的切换过程在图2c中在时间段Δt中粗略地示意性示出。由此在切换过程Δt期间由电机11产生可任意设置的力矩变化I、II或III,如示例性在图2c中示出的。由电机11在切换过程Δt期间产生的力矩变化I以虚线表示,由此由电机11产生的力矩如此规定,使得在切换过程Δt期间在车轮上的牵引力保持恒定,在切换过程Δt结束时才阶跃式地减小,而且减小到与在挂入内燃机的目标挡位时车轮上的牵引力相关的值。替代地,由电机11产生的力矩变化II以实现示出。由此由电机11产生的力矩如此规定,使得直接在切换过程Δt开始时就将车轮上的牵引力阶跃式减小到与在挂入内燃机的目标挡位时车轮上的牵引力相关的值。替代地,电机11也可以产生以点划线表示的力矩变化III,其中由电机11产生的力矩首先保持不变,然后斜坡式减小到与在挂入内燃机的目标挡位时车轮上的牵引力相关的值。
由图2b的切换阵列另外可见,在内燃机驱动的挡位之间进行无牵引力中断的切换过程时提供至少一个电机驱动的挡位。为特定的切换过程(例如VM5->VM6)提供两个电机驱动的挡位EM1或EM3。
通过图1中示出的变速器结构,还可以在没有附加的启动/发电机的情况下实现对内燃机7的拖拽起动。为了这种拖拽起动例如挂入挡位EM1,并使电机11开始运行至转速限值。在这种形式情况下,第三齿轮平面RE-E3、第四齿轮平面RE-V5以及内燃机轴3停止,从而切换元件SE-B可以挂挡。随后膜片式离合器K接合并拖拽内燃机7。
在图3中示出另一实施例,该实施例的结构和功能很大程度上与在图1中示出的实施例相同。与图1的不同之处是,取消倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR。在与图1的另一不同之处中,在图3中两个上述的切换元件SE-A和SE-E结合为一个公共的切换元件SE-A。该公共的切换元件SE-A在第一切换位置上将第一齿轮平面RE-V4的在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮23与内燃机轴3耦合,而同时使在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮23与第三齿轮平面RE-E3的浮动齿轮33解耦。在第二切换位置中该公共的切换元件SE-A使第一齿轮平面RE-V4的在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮23不再与内燃机轴3耦合,而是与第三齿轮平面RE-E3的在内燃机轴3上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮33耦合。
在图4中示出用于全轮驱动的自动变速器1。因此在中间轴17上以不能相对转动的方式布置的齿轮21不仅与在输出轴13上以不能相对转动的方式布置的齿轮19啮合,而且与通向第二车桥的万向轴59的固定齿轮57啮合。在构造空间有利的布置方面,在图4中电机轴9实施为以可转动的方式同轴地支承在万向轴59上的空心轴。
图1的替代方案是,在图5中通过以不能相对转动的方式布置在内燃机轴3上的齿轮41构成倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR,该齿轮41在中间连接中间齿轮47的情况下与浮动地在中间轴17上以可转动的方式支承的齿轮49啮合。齿轮49可以通过切换元件SE-C与在中间轴17上以可转动的方式支承的空心轴3耦合。在切换倒车挡时设定如下的力流,即从内燃机7通过内燃机轴3、倒车挡齿轮平面RE-VR的齿轮41、47、49、切换元件SE-C、空心轴39、第三齿轮平面RE-E3的齿轮29、31、空心轴45、膜片式离合器K、电机轴9、第二齿轮平面RE-E1的齿轮25、27、超越离合器F、切换元件SE-D、中间轴17以第一齿轮平面RE-V4的中间轴的固定齿轮21进一步延伸至输出轴13。
替代地,在图6中在变速器1中的倒车挡通过与内燃机轴3轴线平行的倒车挡轴51实现。在倒车挡轴51上以可转动的方式支承浮动齿轮53,该浮动齿轮53与第二齿轮平面RE-E1的在中间轴17上支承的浮动齿轮27啮合,并可以通过切换元件SE-R与倒车挡轴51耦合。在倒车挡轴51上还布置有与输出轴13的固定齿轮19啮合的固定齿轮55。
在图1以及图3至图6的实施例中,所有的齿轮平面都沿轴向方向布置在内燃机7与电机11之间。第一齿轮平面RE-V4在此布置在面对内燃机7的变速器侧上。在进一步的轴向走向中依次地布置有第二齿轮平面RE-E1、第三齿轮平面RE-E3和第四齿轮平面RE-V5。因此在第一齿轮平面RE-V4和第三齿轮平面RE-E3之间要为超越离合器F保留足够大的构造空间。
在图7中的不同之处是,第一齿轮平面RE-V4和第二齿轮平面RE-E1的轴向位置交换。以这种方式得到在图7中示出的嵌套的构造方式,其中超越离合器F沿轴向方向位于与小齿轮轴13大约相同的高度上。这导致比前述的实施例轴向更紧凑的变速器结构。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于混合动力式机动车的混合动力式动力传动系,混合动力式动力传动系具有能借助于切换元件切换到不同的变速比级的变速器(1),该变速器能通过内燃机轴(3)与内燃机(7)传动连接、通过电机轴(9)与电机(11)传动连接以及通过输出轴(13)与至少一个车桥(VA)传动连接,内燃机轴(3)和电机轴(9)彼此轴线平行,其特征在于,变速器(1)实施为圆柱齿轮变速器,在该变速器中内燃机轴(3)、电机轴(9)和输出轴(13)能通过形成齿轮平面的圆柱齿轮组彼此传动连接,所述圆柱齿轮组能借助于切换元件被切换。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,变速器(1)包括在内燃机轴(3)与电机轴(9)之间轴线平行地布置的中间轴(17),特别是中间轴(17)能通过形成第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)的圆柱齿轮组与输出轴(13)连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,中间轴(17)能通过形成第二齿轮平面(RE-E1)的圆柱齿轮组与电机轴(9)连接,和/或中间轴(17)能通过形成第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)的圆柱齿轮组与电机轴(9)连接。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,中间轴(17)能通过形成第四齿轮平面(RE-V5)的圆柱齿轮组与内燃机轴(3)连接。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)包括以不能相对转动的方式支承在输出轴(13)上的齿轮(19)和与之啮合的、以不能相对转动的方式支承在中间轴(17)上的齿轮(21),特别是第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)包括在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动的方式支承的浮动齿轮(23),该浮动齿轮与中间轴齿轮(21)啮合并能通过切换元件(SE-E、SE-A)与内燃机轴(3)耦合或与之解耦。
6.根据权利要求3至5所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,第二齿轮平面(RE-E1)包括在电机轴(9)上以不能相对转动的方式支承的齿轮(25)和与之啮合的中间轴齿轮(27),该中间轴齿轮能通过超越离合器(F)与中间轴(17)连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,为超越离合器(F)配设有切换元件(SE-D),该切换元件在牵引运行位置中允许从电机(11)到中间轴(17)的转矩传递并在相反的方向上禁止转矩传递,在牵引模式/惯性滑行模式位置中允许在两个方向上的转矩传递,在空转位置中禁止在两个方向上的转矩传递。
8.根据权利要求3至7中任一项所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)包括在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(29)和与之啮合的、在电机轴(9)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(31),浮动齿轮(29)能通过切换元件(SE-C)与中间轴(17)耦合或与之解耦,浮动齿轮(31)能通过切换元件(K)、特别是膜片式离合器与电机轴(9)耦合或与之解耦。
9.根据权利要求8所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)包括在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(33),该浮动齿轮(33)能通过切换元件(SE-A)与第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)的在内燃机轴(3)上支承的浮动齿轮(23)耦合或与之解耦,和/或能通过切换元件(SE-B)与内燃机轴(3)耦合或与之解耦。
10.根据权利要求4至9中任一项所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,第四齿轮平面(RE-V5)包括在中间轴(17)上支承的浮动齿轮(35)和与之啮合的、在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(37),浮动齿轮(35)能通过切换元件(SE-C)与中间轴(17)耦合或与之解耦,浮动齿轮(37)能通过切换元件(SE-B)与内燃机轴(3)耦合或与之解耦。
11.根据权利要求10所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,切换元件(SE-B)能在双侧切换并布置在第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)的在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(33)与第四齿轮平面(RE-V5)的在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(37)之间,切换元件(SE-B)在第一切换位置中使第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)的在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(33)与内燃机轴(3)耦合,在第二切换位置中使第四齿轮平面(RE-V5)的在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(37)与内燃机轴(3)耦合。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,第四齿轮平面(RE-V5)的在中间轴(17)上支承的浮动齿轮(35)和第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)的在中间轴(17)上支承浮动齿轮(29)以不能相对转动的方式布置在空心轴(39)上,该空心轴同轴地在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承,并能通过正好一个切换元件(SE-C)与中间轴(17)耦合或与之解耦。
13.根据权利要求9至12所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,切换元件(SE-A)与切换元件(SE-E)被合成为一个公共的切换元件(SE-A),在该公共的切换元件的第一切换位置中第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)的在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(23)与内燃机轴(3)耦合,在公共的切换元件的第二切换位置中第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)的在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(23)与第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)的在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(33)耦合。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,输出轴(13)是车桥(VA)的车桥差速器(15)的小齿轮轴,特别是在全轮驱动的情况下在中间轴(17)上以不能相对转动的方式布置的齿轮(21)不仅与在输出轴(13)上以不能相对转动的方式布置的齿轮(19)啮合,而且与引向第二车桥(HA)的万向轴(59)的固定齿轮(57)啮合,特别是电机轴(9)实施为在万向轴(59)上以可转动方式同轴地支承的空心轴。
15.根据权利要求8至14中任一项所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,为了实现倒车挡,变速器(1)包括形成倒车挡齿轮平面(RE-VR)的圆柱齿轮组,特别是倒车挡齿轮平面(RE-VR)包括在内燃机轴(3)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(41)和与之啮合的、在电机轴(9)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(43),浮动齿轮(41)能通过切换元件(SE-R)与内燃机轴(3)耦合或与之解耦,浮动齿轮(43)与第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)的在电机轴(9)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(31)一起以不能相对转动的方式布置在同轴地在电机轴(9)上以可转动方式支承的空心轴(45)上,该空心轴能通过正好一个切换元件、特别是膜片式离合器(K)与电机轴(9)耦合或与之解耦。
16.根据权利要求15所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,倒车挡齿轮平面(RE-VR)包括以不能相对转动的方式布置在内燃机轴(3)上的齿轮(41),该齿轮在中间连接中间齿轮(47)的情况下与在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(49)啮合,该浮动齿轮能通过切换元件(SE-C)与在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承的空心轴(39)耦合或与之解耦。
17.根据权利要求16所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,切换元件(SE-C)能在双侧切换以及布置在第四齿轮平面(RE-V5)的在空心轴(39)上以不能相对转动的方式布置的浮动齿轮(35)与倒车挡齿轮平面(RE-VR)的在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(49)之间,切换元件(SE-C)在第一切换位置中使在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承的空心轴(39)与在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承的浮动齿轮(49)耦合,在第二切换位置中使在中间轴(17)上以可转动方式支承的空心轴(39)与中间轴(17)耦合。
18.根据权利要求6至17中任一项所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,为实现倒车挡,变速器(1)包括相对于内燃机轴(3)轴线平行的倒车挡轴(51),在该倒车挡轴上以能转动的方式支承有浮动齿轮(53),该浮动齿轮与第二齿轮平面(RE-E1)的在中间轴(17)上支承的浮动齿轮(27)啮合,通过切换元件(SE-R)能使该浮动齿轮与倒车挡轴(51)耦合或与之解耦,在倒车挡轴(51)上布置有与输出轴(13)的固定齿轮(19)啮合的固定齿轮(55)。
19.根据权利要求3至18中任一项所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,所有的齿轮平面、特别是正好四个前进挡齿轮平面(RE-V4、RE-E1、RE-E3、RE-V5)沿轴向方向布置在内燃机(7)与电机(11)之间。
20.根据权利要求19所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)布置在面对内燃机(7)的变速器侧,在接下来的轴向延伸中依次布置第二齿轮平面(RE-E1)、第三齿轮平面(RE-E3)和第四齿轮平面(RE-V5)。
21.根据权利要求19所述的混合动力式动力传动系,其特征在于,交换第一齿轮平面(RE-V4)和第二齿轮平面(RE-E1)的轴向位置,第二齿轮平面(RE-E1)的超越离合器(F)沿轴向方向位于与输出轴(13)大致相同的高度处。
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EP3429879A1 (de) 2019-01-23
WO2017158156A1 (de) 2017-09-21
DE102016204586A1 (de) 2017-09-21

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