CN111137123A - 一种机电耦合机构 - Google Patents
一种机电耦合机构 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
- B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种机电耦合机构,包括电机和变速器,电机转轴是空心转轴,空套在变速器输出轴上,通过离合机构控制电机转轴和变速器输出轴是否形成传动,电机转轴端部安装有换档齿和换档齿套,换档齿套两侧分别是输出轴结合齿和中间轴结合齿,输出轴结合齿安装在变速器输出上,中间轴结合齿空套在电机转轴上并和中间轴上安装的从动齿啮合,移动换档齿套可以控制换档齿是否联接输出轴结合齿或中间轴结合齿。本发明结构简单、成本低廉、制造容易、维修方便、同时又功能齐备,能满足混合动力车辆各种不同使用工况的功能和需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机电耦合结构,特别涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的机电耦合结构。
背景技术
混动汽车存在电机和发动机动力如何耦合的问题,现在已经有许多种不同类型的、用于混合动力车辆的机电耦合结构,除丰田公司的混联式混合动力结构和本田公司的双电机混合动力结构外,根据电机的安装位置,还有电机位于发动机附带的原发电机位置处的P0混动结构;位于发动机飞轮处的P1混动结构;位于发动机和变速器之间的P2混动结构;位于变速器和主减速器之间的P3混动结构以及发动机前置前驱车辆位于后车桥处的P4混动结构。这些不同的混动结构各有各的长处,也各有各的不足。最主要的不足就是结构复杂,成本较高,受国外车企的技术垄断及封锁。
发明内容
针对混动汽车电机和发动机动力如何耦合的问题,提供了一种结构简单、成本低廉,同时又功能齐备,能满足混合动力车辆各种不同使用工况的功能和需求的混合动力结构。
本发明的技术方案:
一种机电耦合机构,包括电机和变速器,电机转轴是空心转轴,空套在变速器输出轴上,通过离合机构控制电机转轴和变速器输出轴是否形成传动,变速器输出轴从电机另一侧穿出。
电机转轴端部安装有换档齿和换档齿套,换档齿套两侧分别是输出轴结合齿和中间轴结合齿,输出轴结合齿安装在变速器输出轴上,中间轴结合齿空套在电机转轴上并和中间轴上安装的从动齿啮合,移动换档齿套可以控制换档齿是否联接输出轴结合齿或中间轴结合齿。
中间轴结合齿分为相连的左右两半部分,左半部分可以和换档齿套结合,右半部分和从动齿啮合,左右两半部分的传动比可以相同或不同。
另一种结构是在变速器输出轴上安装有换档齿和换档齿套,电机转轴端部安装电机结合齿,换档齿可通过换挡齿套联接电机结合齿。
变速器输出轴上空套倒挡从动齿,倒挡从动齿通过倒挡中间轮联接中间轴上的倒挡主动齿,倒挡从动齿侧面的倒挡结合齿可以通过换挡齿套联接换档齿。
电机转轴上安装电机主动齿,电机主动齿和电机从动齿啮合,电机从动齿通过离合机构安装在中间轴上。
所述离合器机构是单向离合器,单向离合器的内圈安装在中间轴上,外圈和电机从动齿连接。
另一种结构是变速器输出轴上安装输出轴离合器,输出轴离合器联接变速器输出轴和电机主动齿,电机主动齿安装在电机转轴端部,电机主动齿和电机从动齿啮合,电机从动齿通过从动轴离合器和中间轴联接。
所述从动轴离合器是单向离合器,单向离合器的内圈安装在中间轴上,外圈和电机从动齿连接。
所述输出轴离合器是电控离合器。
本发明的有益效果:
结构简单、成本低廉、制造容易、维修方便、同时又功能齐备,能满足混合动力车辆各种不同使用工况的功能和需求的混合动力结构,对于增强自主品牌的核心竞争力、打破国外汽车寡头对汽车混合动力技术的垄断和封锁,应该具有较大的现实意义。适用于所有发动机前置后驱或纵置传动系统、使用机械式变速器的混合动力车辆。
附图说明:
图1是实施例2传动原理图。
图2是实施例3结构示意图。
图3是现有的机械式五档变速器外形图。
图4是现有的机械式五档变速器倒挡及五档传动结构图。
图5是实施例4结构示意图。
图6是实施例5结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
本实施例中的电机转轴是空心转轴,将电机转轴空套在燃油发动机变速器的输出轴上,并在空心转轴和输出轴之间加装离合器,当离合器连通时,电机转矩作用在输出轴上实现机电耦合,当离合器断开时,电机转矩不对输出轴产生作用。
实施例2:
如图1:一种机电耦合结构,包括电机5和变速器1,电机转轴4是空心轴,空套在变速器输出轴6上,通过离合机构控制电机转轴5和变速器输出轴6是否形成传动,变速器输出轴6从电机另一侧穿出。
电机转轴4端部安装有换档齿20和换档齿套17,换档齿20两侧分别是输出轴结合齿21和中间轴结合齿22,输出轴结合齿21安装在变速器输出轴6上,中间轴结合齿22空套在电机转轴4上并和中间轴9上安装的从动齿23啮合,移动换档齿套17可以控制换档齿20是否联接输出轴结合齿21或中间轴结合齿22。
中间轴结合齿22分为相连的左右两半部分,左半部分可以和换档齿套17结合,右半部分和从动齿23啮合,左右两半部分的传动比可以相同或不同。
当换档齿套17在中间时,电机转轴4与变速器输出轴6、中间轴9均断开,电机解耦,此时车辆是纯燃油行驶工况;
当换档齿套17在左边时,电机转轴4和变速器输出轴6联接,电机扭矩可以传递给变速器输出轴6,或者是变速器输出轴6将扭矩传递给电机5,此时既可以纯电驱动,也可以和发动机1的输出扭矩耦合后,实现P3混动,除此之外,还可以实现启停功能和停车充电。
当换档齿套17在右边时,电机转轴4和变速器中间轴9联接,电机5的输出扭矩可以通过换档齿套17传递给变速器中间轴9,并通过机械式变速器1将电机6的输出扭矩放大调节后传递给变速器输出轴6,此时既可以纯电驱动,也可以和发动机1的输出扭矩耦合后,实现P2混动,除此之外,还可以实现启停功能和停车充电。
实施例3:
一种双离合机电耦合结构(见图2),包括:变速器1、电控离合器2、单向离合器8、电机主动齿3、电机空心转轴4、电机5、变速器输出轴6、电机从动齿7、变速器中间轴9。电机采用空心转轴4,变速器输出轴6从其中穿过;电控离合器2位于变速器输出轴5上,和电机主动齿4连接在一起,由电机控制器MCU或变速器控制器TCU或整车控制器VCU等电控单元控制其接合与分离,从而控制电机5与变速器输出轴6的接合与分离;单向离合器8位于变速器中间轴9上,安装在电机从动齿7和变速器中间轴9之间,通过它由电机从动齿7和变速器中间轴9之间的转速差自动控制电机5与变速器中间轴9的接合或分离,两者转速相等时,单向离合器8接合,当电机从动齿5的转速为零或小于变速器中间轴9的转速时,单向离合器8自动分离;当电控离合器2和单向离合器8都分离时,变速器输出轴(6)只能输出发动机扭矩,电机解耦;当电控离合器2分离时,电机5可以停转、也可以通电转动带动电机从动齿7转动,当后者的转速和变速器中间轴9相等时,单向离合器8接合,此时就可以将电机5的输出扭矩通过单向离合器8传递给变速器中间轴9,然后再通过变速器1的各个档位与发动机的输出扭矩耦合,将电机5的输出扭矩放大调节后传递给变速器输出轴6;当电控离合器2接合时,因电机主动齿3和电机传动齿7的齿数比小于变速器各个档位的传动比,电机传动齿7的转速就始终小于变速器中间轴9的转速,所以单向离合器8自动分离,电机5的输出扭矩通过电控离合器2传递给变速器输出轴6,然后再通过变速器输出轴6和发动机的输出扭矩耦合后输出。
当电控离合器2和单向离合器8都分离时,变速器输出轴(6)只输出发动机扭矩,电机解耦,此时车辆是纯燃油行驶工况;当电控离合器2分离时,若电机5的转速和变速器中间轴9的转速相等时必须指出,由于原五档传动比、即电机主动齿和电机从动齿的齿数比,小于其它所有各档的传动比,所以在其它任何工况,单向离合器都处于分离状态,电机5的输出扭矩可以通过单向离合器8传递给变速器中间轴9,并通过机械式变速器8将电机5的输出扭矩放大调节后传递给变速器输出轴6,此时既可以纯电驱动,也可以和发动机的输出扭矩耦合后,实现P2混动,除此之外,还可以实现启停功能和停车充电,当电控离合器2在任一工况接合时,因转速差,单向离合器8将会自动分离,电机5的输出扭矩通过电控离合器2传递给变速器输出轴6,此时既可以纯电驱动,也可以和发动机的输出扭矩耦合后,实现P3混动,同时还可以制动能量回收。
实施例4:
本发明的具体实施是选用目前在国内微面微卡上使用最普遍的、如图3所示的机械式五档变速器,其一档、二档、三档以及四档安装在变速器中部壳体内,倒挡和五档安装在变速器的尾端见图4,其输出轴6上空套有倒档从动齿11和五档从动齿13,中间轴9上安装有倒档主动齿19和五档主动齿16,倒档从动齿11通过倒档中间轮18和倒档主动齿19联结,五档从动齿13和五档从动齿13啮合;倒档从动齿11和五档从动齿13之间是换挡齿和换挡齿套17,换挡齿套17由换挡拨叉12控制,换挡齿套17左移时倒档从动齿11右侧连接的结合齿通过换挡齿套17联结换挡齿,换挡齿套17右移时五档从动齿13左侧连接的结合齿通过换挡齿套17联结换挡齿,换挡齿套17位于中间时五档和倒档均不起作用。
如图5,去掉倒档变速齿轮副,将上述变速器1的输出轴6从电机转子的空心转轴4中穿过,将变速器1原有的五档从动齿13安装在空心转轴4上在作为电机5的主动齿3,利用该变速器五档原有的挂挡摘档机构换挡齿套17和拨叉12作为离合器,挂挡相当于离合器接合,摘档相当于离合器分离,控制挂挡摘档就可以控制该离合器的分离或接合;同时重新设计该变速器1原有的、位于中间轴9上的五档主动齿16,将其作为电机从动齿7,并在该齿和中间轴9之间安装单向离合器8,利用该齿和中间轴9的转速差自动控制其分离与接合。
实施例5:
本发明的具体实施是选用目前在国内微面微卡上使用最普遍的、如图3所示的机械式五档变速器,其一档、二档、三档以及四档安装在变速器中部壳体内,倒挡和五档安装在变速器的尾端见图4,其输出轴6上空套有倒档从动齿11和五档从动齿13,中间轴9上安装有倒档主动齿19和五档主动齿16,倒档从动齿11通过倒档中间轮18和倒档主动齿19联结,五档从动齿13和五档从动齿13啮合;倒档从动齿11和五档从动齿13之间是换挡齿和换挡齿套17,换挡齿套17由换挡拨叉12控制,换挡齿套17左移时倒档从动齿11右侧连接的结合齿通过换挡齿套17联结换挡齿,换挡齿套17右移时五档从动齿13左侧连接的结合齿通过换挡齿套17联结换挡齿,换挡齿套17位于中间时五档和倒档均不起作用。
本实施例中不改变原有的倒档齿轮副,双离合机电耦合结构安装在该变速器1和电机5之间,的输出轴6从电机转子的空心转轴4中穿过,将变速器原有的五档从动齿13改安装在该空心转轴4上在作为电机主动齿3,利用和原变速器五档相同的挂挡摘档机构作为离合器,挂挡相当于离合器接合,摘档相当于离合器分离,控制挂挡摘档就可以控制该离合器的分离或接合;同时重新设计该变速器原有的、位于中间轴上的五档主动齿16,将其作为电机从动齿7,并在该齿和中间轴9之间安装单向离合器8,利用该齿和中间轴的转速差自动控制其分离与接合。由此可见:采用这种双离合机电耦合结构,前述“结构简单、成本低廉、制造容易、维修方便、同时又功能齐备,能满足混合动力车辆各种不同使用工况的功能和需求”的发明初衷容易实施实现。图四是实施本发明后的机电耦合变速器,图6是该机电耦合变速器的双离合机电耦合结构的示意图。
综上所述:采用这种双离合机电耦合结构,前述“结构简单、成本低廉、制造容易、维修方便、同时又功能齐备,能满足混合动力车辆各种不同使用工况的功能和需求”的发明初衷容易实施和实现。
最后特别需要强调的是:本双离合机电耦合结构也适用于所有发动机前置后驱或纵置传动系统、使用机械式变速器的混合动力车辆。
Claims (10)
1.一种机电耦合机构,包括电机和变速器,其特征在于:电机转轴是空心转轴,空套在变速器输出轴上,通过离合机构控制电机转轴和变速器输出轴是否形成传动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:电机转轴端部安装有换档齿和换档齿套,换档齿套两侧分别是输出轴结合齿和中间轴结合齿,输出轴结合齿安装在变速器输出轴上,中间轴结合齿空套在电机转轴上并和中间轴上安装的从动齿啮合,移动换档齿套可以控制换档齿是否联接输出轴结合齿或中间轴结合齿。
3.根据权利要求2所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:中间轴结合齿分为相连的左右两半部分,左半部分可以和换档齿套结合,右半部分和从动齿啮合,左右两半部分的传动比可以相同或不同。
4.根据权利要求1所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:变速器输出轴上安装有换档齿和换档齿套,电机转轴端部安装电机结合齿,换档齿可通过换挡齿套联接电机结合齿。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:变速器输出轴上空套倒挡从动齿,倒挡从动齿通过倒挡中间轮联接中间轴上的倒挡主动齿,倒挡从动齿侧面的倒挡结合齿可以通过换挡齿套联接换档齿。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:电机转轴上安装电机主动齿,电机主动齿和电机从动齿啮合,电机从动齿通过离合机构安装在中间轴上。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:所述离合器机构是单向离合器,单向离合器的内圈安装在中间轴上,外圈和电机从动齿连接。
8.根据权利要求1所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:变速器输出轴上安装输出轴离合器,输出轴离合器联接变速器输出轴和电机主动齿,电机主动齿安装在电机转轴端部,电机主动齿和电机从动齿啮合,电机从动齿通过从动轴离合器和中间轴联接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:所述从动轴离合器是单向离合器,单向离合器的内圈安装在中间轴上,外圈和电机从动齿连接。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的机电耦合机构,其特征在于:所述输出轴离合器是电控离合器。
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