CN108868915A - 涡轮增压器 - Google Patents
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- CN108868915A CN108868915A CN201810461461.7A CN201810461461A CN108868915A CN 108868915 A CN108868915 A CN 108868915A CN 201810461461 A CN201810461461 A CN 201810461461A CN 108868915 A CN108868915 A CN 108868915A
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- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
- F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
- F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
- F02C6/12—Turbochargers, i.e. plants for augmenting mechanical power output of internal-combustion piston engines by increase of charge pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/024—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the driving means being assisted by a power recovery turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/053—Shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/056—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
- F01D5/043—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines of the axial inlet- radial outlet, or vice versa, type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/17—Alloys
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Abstract
一种涡轮增压器，带有用于使第一介质膨胀的涡轮机，带有利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮机中提取的能量用于压缩第二介质的压缩机，其中，涡轮机包括涡轮机壳体(2)和涡轮机转子(3)，其中，压缩机包括压缩机壳体和经由轴(4)联接至涡轮机转子的压缩机转子，其中，涡轮机壳体和压缩机壳体各自连接至布置在它们之间的轴承壳体(1)，轴(4)安装在轴承壳体(1)中，并且其中，轴承壳体(1)经由补偿元件(7)连接至涡轮机壳体的涡轮机入流壳体(2)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涡轮增压器。
背景技术
涡轮增压器包括涡轮机和压缩机。在涡轮增压器的涡轮机中，第一介质、尤其是废气膨胀，并且在该过程中提取能量。在涡轮增压器的压缩机中，即利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮机中提取的能量压缩第二介质、尤其是增压空气。涡轮增压器的涡轮机包括涡轮机壳体和涡轮机转子。涡轮机转子的压缩机与压缩机转子经由安装在轴承壳体中的轴联接，其中，轴承壳体一方面连接至涡轮机壳体，并且另一方面连接至压缩机壳体。
从惯例同样已知的是，涡轮增压器的涡轮机壳体包括涡轮机入流壳体，要膨胀的介质能经由所述涡轮机入流壳体供给至涡轮机转子。涡轮机壳体典型地接纳涡轮机壳体的插入件和喷嘴环。经由插入件，膨胀的第一介质能从涡轮机排出，其中，插入件邻近涡轮机转子的移动叶片径向地延伸至外侧。还被描述为涡轮机导向设备或导向格栅或导向装置的喷嘴环包括导向叶片，在第一介质的流动方向上看所述导向叶片被定位在涡轮机转子的上游，并且经由所述导向叶片，要膨胀的第一介质在涡轮机转子的上游被引导。
在从惯例已知的涡轮增压器中，涡轮机入流壳体典型地经由夹紧爪连接被连接至轴承壳体。由于在涡轮机入流壳体与轴承壳体之间典型地存在高的温度差，所以这样的涡轮机入流壳体与轴承壳体的连接由于其设计而必须严格地定级。相应地，涡轮机入流壳体暴露于相对高的废气并相应地经受轴承壳体中的更高的热负荷。由此，在涡轮机入流壳体与轴承壳体之间的连接区域中可能出现温度引起的变形，这负面地影响涡轮机入流壳体与轴承壳体之间的夹紧爪连接的密封性。在这点上存在将涡轮机入流壳体更好地装接在轴承壳体上的需求。
发明内容
由此开始，本发明基于创造一种新型涡轮增压器的目的。该目的通过根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器解决。根据本发明，轴承壳体经由补偿元件连接至涡轮机壳体的涡轮机入流壳体。凭借补偿元件，能抵消在涡轮机入流壳体与轴承壳体之间的连接区域中的温度引起的变形。在径向方向上，补偿元件是柔性并且弹性的，使得所述补偿元件能进行径向膨胀，并相应地吸收或抵消涡轮机入流壳体与轴承壳体之间的温度引起的位移。
优选地，补偿元件在径向外部段处连接至涡轮机入流壳体，并且在径向内部段处连接至轴承壳体，其中，在径向方向上看，以波纹管部段的方式成型或带有弯曲轮廓的壁在这些部段之间延伸。这样的补偿元件与涡轮机入流壳体和轴承壳体的构造和连接是特别优选的。
根据本发明的另一改进，补偿元件由镍基合金材料组成。特别优选地，镍基合金材料按重量百分比具有以下成分：50.00-55.00%的镍(Ni)、17.00-21.00%的铬(Cr)、4.75-5.50%的铌(Nb)、2.80-3.30%的钼(Mo)、0.65-1.15%的钛(Ti)、0.20-0.80%的铝(Al)、剩余部分的铁(Fe)。用于补偿元件的这样的材料即使在超过600℃的温度时也为补偿元件提供足够高的抗蠕变性。涡轮机入流壳体和轴承壳体可由金属材料生产，例如与在从惯例已知的涡轮增压器中通常的材料相同的材料。
附图说明
本发明的另外的优选改进从从属权利要求和以下的说明中获得。通过附图更详细地说明本发明的示例实施例，但不限于此。示出的是：
图1是在涡轮机和轴承壳体的区域中通过根据本发明的涡轮增压器的经由在轴向方向上节选的横截面。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种涡轮增压器。涡轮增压器包括用于使第一介质膨胀、尤其是用于使内燃机的废气膨胀的涡轮机。此外，涡轮增压器包括即利用在第一介质的膨胀期间在涡轮机中提取的能量用于压缩第二介质、尤其是增压空气的压缩机。在此，涡轮机包括涡轮机壳体和涡轮机转子。压缩机包括压缩机壳体和压缩机转子。压缩机转子经由安装在轴承壳体中的轴联接至涡轮机转子，其中，轴承壳体被定位在涡轮机壳体与压缩机壳体之间，并连接至涡轮机壳体和压缩机壳体。
在此涉及的领域的技术人员熟悉涡轮增压器的以上基本结构。
图1示出了根据本发明的涡轮增压器在轴承壳体1与涡轮机的涡轮机壳体的涡轮机入流壳体2之间的连接的区域中的节选。此外，图1通过节选示出了涡轮机转子3和轴4，其中，涡轮机转子3经由轴4联接至未示出的压缩机转子。轴承壳体2包括轴承壳体盖5，其连接至轴承壳体1并且在轴向方向上看被定位在涡轮机转子3与轴承壳体1之间的部段中。
涡轮机入流壳体2将要膨胀的第一介质供给至涡轮机转子3，其中，在要膨胀的第一介质的流动方向上看，所谓的喷嘴环6被定位在涡轮机转子3的上游，所述喷嘴环6还被描述为涡轮机导向设备，其中，经由喷嘴环6，要供给至涡轮机转子3的介质经由喷嘴环6的导向叶片在涡轮机转子3的上游被引导。
本发明即经由补偿元件7提供涡轮机入流壳体2与轴承壳体1的一种全新类型的连接。因此，轴承壳体1与涡轮机入流壳体2经由补偿元件7相互连接，其中，补偿元件在径向方向上是柔性并且弹性的，以便抵消轴承壳体1和涡轮机入流壳体2的明显的温度引起的热变形。凭借其弹性，补偿元件7能抵消温度引起的径向膨胀。
补偿元件7通过所述补偿元件7的径向外部段8安装至涡轮机入流壳体2，并通过其径向内部段9连接至轴承壳体。典型地，在此在每种情况下典型地设置补偿元件7与涡轮机入流壳体2和轴承壳体之间的螺钉连接。
在补偿元件7的两个部段8、9之间，补偿元件7包括在径向方向上看以波纹管部段的方式成型或者沿着弯曲路线的壁。该壁10可以波纹管或手风琴似的方式变形，以便抵消温度引起的径向膨胀。
补偿元件7的两个部段8、9在轴向方向上看近似布置在相同的轴向位置。然而，在径向方向上看，在部段8、9之间存在清楚的偏移，其中，以波纹管部段的方式成型或沿着弯曲路线的壁通过在中间的弯曲部段部分地在径向方向上并且部分地在轴向方向上延伸。
在要膨胀的第一介质的流动方向上看，补偿元件7的部段8作用于被定位在喷嘴环6的上游的涡轮机入流壳体2的部段11。在径向方向上看，补偿元件7的部段9作用于其上的轴承壳体1的部段12被近似定位在喷嘴环6的径向高度。
补偿元件7用镍基合金材料来生产。
优选地，镍基合金材料按重量百分比具有以下成分：50.00-55.00%的镍(Ni)、17.00-21.00%的铬(Cr)、4.75-5.50%的铌(Nb)、2.80-3.30%的钼(Mo)、0.65-1.15%的钛(Ti)、剩余部分的钴、碳、镁、硅、磷、硫、硼、铜、铁(Fe)。
50.00-55.00% 镍(Ni)
17.00-21.00% 铬(Ci)
4.75-5.50% 铌(Nb)
2.80-3.30% 钼(Mo)
0.65-1.15% 钛(Ti)
0.20-0.80% 铝(Al)
0.00至1.00% 钴(Co)
0.00至0.08% 碳(C)
0.00至0.35% 镁(Mg)
0.00至0.35% 硅(Si)
0.00至0.015% 磷(P)
0.00至0.017% 硫(S)
0.00至0.006% 硼(B)
0.00至0.30% 铜(Cu)
剩余部分 铁(Fe)。
这样的镍基合金材料即使在超过600℃的温度时也具有良好的抗蠕变性，使得不会发生补偿元件7的温度引起的失效。
补偿元件7不仅用于补偿在轴承壳体1与涡轮机入流壳体2之间的连接区域中的温度引起的径向膨胀，相反地，通过补偿元件还能改善涡轮增压器的安全壳安全性。如果涡轮机转子3爆裂，则还能通过补偿元件7拦截碎片的动能。
附图标记列表：
1 轴承壳体
2 涡轮机入流壳体
3 涡轮机转子
4 轴
5 轴承壳体盖
6 喷嘴环
7 补偿元件
8 部段
9 部段
10 壁
11 部段
12 部段
Claims (9)
1.一种涡轮增压器，
带有用于使第一介质膨胀的涡轮机，带有利用在所述第一介质的膨胀期间在所述涡轮机中提取的能量用于压缩第二介质的压缩机，
其中，所述涡轮机包括涡轮机壳体和涡轮机转子(3)，
其中，所述压缩机包括压缩机壳体和压缩机转子，所述压缩机转子经由轴(4)联接至所述涡轮机转子(3)，
其中，所述涡轮机壳体和所述压缩机壳体各自连接至布置在它们之间的轴承壳体(1)，所述轴(4)安装在所述轴承壳体(1)中，其特征在于，
所述轴承壳体(1)经由补偿元件(7)连接至所述涡轮机壳体的涡轮机入流壳体(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述补偿元件(7)在径向外部段(8)处连接至所述涡轮机入流壳体(2)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述补偿元件(7)在径向内部段(9)处连接至所述轴承壳体(1)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述补偿元件(7)在径向方向上看包括以波纹管部段的方式成型或沿着弯曲路线的壁(10)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，轴承壳体盖(5)连接至所述轴承壳体(1)。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述补偿元件(7)由镍基合金材料组成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述镍基合金材料按重量百分比具有以下成分：50.00-55.00%的镍(Ni)、17.00-21.00%的铬(Cr)、4.75-5.50%的铌(Nb)、2.80-3.30%的钼(Mo)、0.65-1.15%的钛(Ti)、0.20-0.80%的铝(Al)、剩余部分的铁(Fe)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述镍基合金材料包括最多1.00%的钴(Co)、最多0.08%的碳(C)、最多0.35%的镁(Mg)、最多0.35%的硅(Si)、最多0.015%的磷(P)、最多0.017%的硫(S)、最多0.006%的硼(B)和最多0.30%的铜(Cu)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的涡轮增压器，其特征在于，所述涡轮机是径向涡轮机。
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| DE102017208107.4A DE102017208107A1 (de) | 2017-05-15 | 2017-05-15 | Turbolader |
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| US (1) | US20180328373A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2018193992A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20180125382A (zh) |
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| DE102017103980A1 (de) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Turbolader |
| DE102017215539A1 (de) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-07 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Turbolader |
| US11614001B1 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-03-28 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Turbine containment |
| US11781489B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-10-10 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Gear train joint |
| US11879348B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2024-01-23 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Bearing carrier |
| US11719129B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-08-08 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Compressor housing |
| US11739763B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-08-29 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Impeller attach mechanism |
| US11519423B1 (en) | 2021-11-11 | 2022-12-06 | Progress Rail Locomotive Inc. | Compressor joint |
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- 2018-04-13 JP JP2018077422A patent/JP2018193992A/ja active Pending
- 2018-04-16 CH CH00482/18A patent/CH713775B1/de unknown
- 2018-05-04 US US15/971,779 patent/US20180328373A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-05-15 CN CN201810461461.7A patent/CN108868915A/zh active Pending
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| US20100296925A1 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2010-11-25 | Yasutaka Sakai | Housing Fastening Method |
| CN102102587A (zh) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-22 | 博格华纳公司 | 排气涡轮增压器 |
| US20130047605A1 (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-02-28 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Turbocharger |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR20180125382A (ko) | 2018-11-23 |
| DE102017208107A1 (de) | 2018-11-15 |
| CH713775A2 (de) | 2018-11-15 |
| JP2018193992A (ja) | 2018-12-06 |
| US20180328373A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
| CH713775B1 (de) | 2022-02-15 |
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