CN108864072B - 香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108864072B CN108864072B CN201810863759.0A CN201810863759A CN108864072B CN 108864072 B CN108864072 B CN 108864072B CN 201810863759 A CN201810863759 A CN 201810863759A CN 108864072 B CN108864072 B CN 108864072B
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- coumarin
- compound
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- thiadione
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N coumarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229960000956 coumarin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
- HSHNITRMYYLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylumbelliferone Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2C HSHNITRMYYLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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Abstract
本发明涉及香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其制备方法和应用,属于化学合成技术领域,香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐如通式I‑VIII所示,该类化合物对革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和真菌的生长都具有一定的抑制活性,可用于制备抗细菌和/或抗真菌药物,从而有机会为临床抗微生物治疗提供更多安全、高效的多样化候选药物,有助于解决日趋严重的耐药性、顽固的致病性微生物以及新出现的有害微生物等临床治疗问题。其制备原料简单,廉价易得,合成路线短,对抗感染方面的应用具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成技术领域,具体涉及香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
天然及合成香豆素是一类以苯并α-吡喃酮为母体的芳香氧杂环化合物,由于具有较大的共轭体系和强的分子内电子转移能力,使得这种特殊的刚性稠环结构易通过氢键、疏水作用、π-π堆积以及静电相互作用等多种非共价键作用与有机体中的活性分子和活性结合位点发生作用而表现出广谱性。近些年来,尤其在药物化学领域表现出巨大的开发价值和广阔的应用前景,使得越来越多的研究工作致力于以香豆素为基本骨架的药物研发。比如在抗凝血、抗HIV、抗癌、抗高血压、抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗氧化等方面。由于其肝毒性等毒副作用导致其未能在临床上得到广泛应用,但是香豆素环易于进行结构修饰并能方便地引入各种功能基团,在药学领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。
2,4-噻二酮作为一种广泛存在于现代医药化学中的重要药物结构片段,其独特的芳香五元杂环结构上的2位和4位的两个羰基不但易与DNA、酶和受体发生作用,而且可以破坏线粒体膜的完整性,因而能够发挥良好的生物活性。
为发现更好的抗微生物活性分子,对其7位酚羟基进行结构修饰,引入不同的取代基包括卤代苯基和脂肪链如烷基、羟烷基、链烯基、炔基、羰基等调节分子的刚性和柔韧性。因此,将香豆素与2,4-噻二酮杂合所得到的香豆素噻二酮杂合体有望成为新型的高效抗微生物药物。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的之一在于提供香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐;本发明的目的之二在于提供香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐的制备方法;本发明的目的之三在于提供所述的香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐在制备抗细菌和/或抗真菌药物中的应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1、香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐,结构如通式I-VIII所示:
其中,
通式II中n为0~17的整数;
通式IV中Y为CH或N杂原子;
通式V中R1为氢、甲基或芳基;
通式VI中R2为羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲基或芳基;
通式VIII中X1、X2和X3为氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、三氟甲基、氰基、硝基或甲氧基。
优选的:
通式II中n为0、1、2、4或8的整数;
通式IV中Y为CH或N杂原子;
通式V中R1为氢;
通式VI中R2为乙氧基;
通式VIII中X1、X2和X3为氢、氟或氯。
优选的:为下述化合物中的任一种:
2、所述的香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:a、中间体IX的制备:氯乙酸与硫脲经环合反应即得中间体IX;
b、中间体X的制备:以间苯二酚为起始原料,经Pechmann反应得到4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素,再以冰醋酸作溶剂与六次甲基四胺反应即得中间体X;
c、中间体XI的制备:将中间体X溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,在碳酸钾作用下与卤代化合物发生亲核取代反应即得中间体XI,所述中间体XI的结构如通式XI:1-14;
其中,
通式XI:1-5中n为0、1、2、4或8的整数;
通式XI:11-14中X1、X2和X3为氢、氟或氯;
d、通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的制备,中间体X或XI溶于溶剂后与中间体IX在六氢吡啶的催化下发生缩合反应,即制得通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物;
e、通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的可药用盐的制备:将通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入可药用酸反应至无沉淀生成为止,即制得通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的可药用盐。
优选的,
步骤b中,所述Pechmann反应的温度为0℃;所述4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素与六次甲基四胺的物质量之比为1:2.5;
步骤c中,中间体X、卤代化合物和碳酸钾的物质的量之比为1:1.5:1.5;
步骤d中,所述缩合反应的溶剂为无水乙醇;所述中间体X或XI与中间体IX的物质量之比为1:1.5;
步骤e中,所述有机溶剂为氯仿、丙酮、乙腈、乙醚或四氢呋喃中的一种或多种。
3、所述的香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐在制备抗细菌和/或抗真菌药物中的应用。
优选的,所述细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、克雷白氏肺炎杆菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌中的任一种或多种;所述真菌为热带假丝酵母菌、烟曲霉菌、白色念珠菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌中的任一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明利用药物设计拼合原理,首次将2,4-噻二酮结构引入到香豆素,设计合成了一系列结构新颖的香豆素噻二酮类化合物,这些化合物经体外抗微生物活性检测发现对革兰氏阳性菌(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213)、革兰氏阴性菌(克雷白氏肺炎杆菌、大肠杆菌、大肠杆菌ATCC25922、铜绿假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853、鲍曼不动杆菌)和真菌(白色念珠菌、热带假丝酵母菌、烟曲霉菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌ATCC20019)都有一定抑制活性,可以用于制备抗细菌和/或抗真菌药物,从而有机会为临床抗微生物治疗提供更多安全、高效的多样化候选药物,有助于解决日趋严重的耐药性、顽固的致病性微生物以及新出现的有害微生物等临床治疗问题。其制备原料简单,廉价易得,合成路线短,对抗感染方面的应用具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。
实验例1
中间体IX的制备
在500mL圆底烧瓶中加入硫脲(30g,39.4mol)和氯乙酸(37.24g,39.4mol),以水(58mL)作溶剂,100℃下回流搅拌反应,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,加5-10滴水析出固体,抽滤,滤渣用水洗涤2遍,干燥等后处理即得中间体IX(34mg),产率74.4%。
实验例2
中间体X的制备
在150mL圆底烧瓶中加入4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素(5g,28mmol)和六次甲基四胺(9.95g,70.95mmol),以冰醋酸(100mL)作溶剂,80℃下搅拌反应,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。用质量分数20%的稀盐酸水解,再用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调pH为中性,用乙醚溶液萃取,再经浓缩、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得中间体X(739mg),产率12.7%。其中4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素以间苯二酚为起始原料经Pechmann反应得到。
实验例3
中间体XI的制备
在50mL圆底烧瓶中加入中间体X和碳酸钾,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(10mL)作溶剂,80℃下搅拌反应2h后,冷却至室温再加入卤代化合物(卤代化物分别为溴乙烷、溴丙烷、溴丁烷、溴己烷、溴癸烷、溴丙烯、溴丙炔、溴乙醇、氯乙酸乙酯、环氧氯丙烷、2,4-二氯氯苄、3,4-二氯氯苄、邻氟氯苄、对氟氯苄),继续80℃下搅拌反应3h.。薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束,其中中间体X、卤代化合物和碳酸钾的物质的量之比为1:1.5:1.5。最后用二氯甲烷溶液萃取,再经饱和食盐水洗涤、干燥等后处理即得中间体XI-1(334mg),产率73.4%;XI-2(244mg),产率40.4%;XI-3(128mg),产率33.5%;XI-4(195mg),产率46.1%;XI-5(215mg),产率36.7%;XI-6(200mg),产率41.8%;XI-7(200mg),产率42.1%;XI-8(51mg),产率14%;XI-9(90mg),产率21.1%;XI-10(78mg),产率15.3%;XI-11(276mg),产率51.9%;XI-12(230mg),产率43.2%;XI-13(212mg),产率46.2%;XI-14(232mg),产率50.6%。
实验例4
化合物I的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物X(204mg,1.00mmol),无水乙醇(50mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(175mg,1.50mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物I(200mg),产率66%;橘红色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.09(s,1H,NH),7.93(s,1H,C=CH),7.71(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),6.94(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.22(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),2.39(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例5
化合物II-1的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-1(334mg,1.44mmol),无水乙醇(50mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(253mg,2.16mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物II-1(256mg),产率53.7%;淡黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.52(s,1H,NH),7.88(s,1H,C=CH),7.84(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.18(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.29(d,J=0.8Hz,1H,coumarin-3-H),4.31(d,J=7.0Hz,2H,CH2),2.42(d,J=0.6Hz,3H,coumarin-4-CH3),1.42(t,J=7.0Hz,3H,CH2CH3)ppm。
实验例6
化合物II-2的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-2(244mg,0.99mmol),无水乙醇(45mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(175mg,1.49mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物II-2(170mg),产率49.7%;乳白色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.53(s,1H,NH),7.88(s,1H,C=CH),7.84(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.19(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.29(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),4.20(t,J=6.7Hz,2H,CH2CH2CH3),2.43(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3),1.82(dt,J=14.2,7.1Hz,2H,CH2CH2CH3),0.99(t,J=7.4Hz,3H,CH2CH2CH3)ppm。
实验例7
化合物II-3的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-3(128mg,0.49mmol)、无水乙醇(50mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(87mg,0.74mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物II-3(105mg),产率59.3%;淡黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1HNMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.52(s,1H,NH),7.88(d,J=1.3Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.86–7.83(m,1H,C=CH),7.19(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.29(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),4.24(t,J=6.6Hz,2H,CH2(CH2)2CH3),2.41(d,J=12.1Hz,3H,coumarin-4-CH3),1.82–1.75(m,2H,CH2CH2CH2CH3),1.7–1.40(m,2H,(CH2)2CH2CH3),0.94(dd,J=12.3,4.9Hz,3H,(CH2)3CH3)ppm。
实验例8
化合物II-4的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-4(195mg,0.64mmol)、无水乙醇(55mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(119mg,1.02mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物II-4(128mg),产率48.6%;乳白色粉末;熔点:240–242℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.52(s,1H,NH),7.87(s,1H,C=CH),7.84(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.18(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.29(d,J=1.1Hz,1H,coumarin-3-H),4.22(t,J=6.6Hz,2H,OCH2(CH2)4CH3),2.42(d,J=0.9Hz,3H,coumarin-4-CH3),1.82–1.77(m,2H,CH2CH2(CH2)3CH3),1.44–1.38(m,2H,(CH2)2CH2(CH2)2CH3),1.33–1.27(m,4H,(CH2)3(CH2)2CH3),0.86(t,J=7.1Hz,3H,(CH2)5CH3)ppm。
实验例9
化合物II-5的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-5(215mg,0.62mmol)、无水乙醇(50mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(109mg,0.93mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物II-5(205mg),产率74.5%;淡黄色粉末;熔点:225–227℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.52(s,1H,NH),7.88(s,1H,C=CH),7.84(d,J=8.8Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.19(d,J=8.9Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.29(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),4.23(t,J=6.1Hz,2H,OCH2(CH2)8CH3),2.42(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3),1.82–1.76(m,2H,OCH2CH2(CH2)7CH3),1.39(d,J=6.6Hz,2H,(CH2)2CH2(CH2)6CH3),1.27(d,J=44.9Hz,12H,(CH2)3(CH2)6CH3),0.85(t,J=6.5Hz,3H,(CH2)9CH3)ppm。
实验例10
化合物III的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-6(200mg,0.82mmol)、无水乙醇(50mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(144mg,1.23mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至70℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物III(212mg),产率75.4%;黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1HNMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.53(s,1H,NH),7.90(s,1H,C=CH),7.85(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.18(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.31(d,J=1.1Hz,1H,coumarin-3-H),6.13–6.06(m,1H,OCH2CH=CH2),5.43(dd,J=17.3,1.6Hz,1H,CH=CH2),5.33(dd,J=10.6,1.4Hz,1H,CH=CH2),4.86(d,J=5.3Hz,2H,OCH2CH=CH2),2.43(d,J=0.9Hz,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例11
化合物IV的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-7(320mg,1.32mmol)、无水乙醇(40mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(232mg,1.98mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物IV(268mg),产率59.5%;乳白粉末;熔点:>250℃;1HNMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.54(s,1H,NH),7.92(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.89(s,1H,C=CH),7.26(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.34(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),5.12(d,J=2.1Hz,2H,OCH2),3.70(s,1H,C≡CH),2.44(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例12
化合物V的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-8(51mg,0.21mmol)、无水乙醇(40mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(37.5mg,0.32mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至70℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,加1mL水析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物V(41mg),产率56.3%;淡黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.71(d,J=8.9Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.32(s,1H,C=CH),7.14(d,J=8.9Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.24(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),4.19(t,J=5.2Hz,2H,OCH2CH2OH),3.78(t,J=5.2Hz,2H,OCH2CH2OH),2.42(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例13
化合物VI的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-9(90mg,0.31mmol)、无水乙醇(50mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(55mg,0.47mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物VI(20mg),产率16.6%;乳白色粉末;熔点:117–119℃;1HNMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.92(d,J=0.6Hz,1H,C=CH),7.90(d,J=8.9Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.77–7.73(m,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.44(d,J=1.1Hz,1H,coumarin-3-H),5.76(s,2H,OCH2CO),4.40(q,J=7.1Hz,2H,OCH2CH3),2.51(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3),1.37(t,J=7.1Hz,3H,OCH2CH3)ppm。
实验例14
化合物VII的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-10(78mg,0.30mmol)、无水乙醇(60mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(53mg,0.45mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,抽滤,滤渣用甲醇洗2至3遍后,经抽滤、干燥即得化合物VII(51mg),产率47.7%;黄色粉末;熔点:240-245℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.68(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.06(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),6.78(s,1H,C=CH),6.32(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),4.87(d,J=5.5Hz,1H,OCH2),4.47(d,J=13.1Hz,1H,OCH2),4.18(d,J=6.9Hz,1H,ethylene oxide-CH),3.98(d,J=13.1Hz,1H,ethylene oxide-CH2),3.88(t,J=6.5Hz,1H,ethylene oxide-CH2),2.41(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例15
化合物VIII-1的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-11(276mg,0.76mmol)、无水乙醇(55mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(134mg,1.14mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至70℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,滤渣用甲醇洗2至3遍后,经抽滤、干燥等后处理即得化合物VIII-1(185mg),产率52.9%;淡黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.48(s,1H,NH),7.87(d,J=7.4Hz,2H,ph-3H,C=CH),7.70(d,J=2.0Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.59(d,J=8.3Hz,1H,ph-4-H),7.48(dd,J=8.3Hz,1H,ph-5-H),7.28(d,J=9.1Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.32(d,J=1.0Hz,1H,coumarin-3-H),5.42(s,2H,OCH2),2.43(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例16
化合物VIII-2制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-12(230mg,0.64mmol)、无水乙醇(40mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(113mg,0.96mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至70℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物VIII-2(178mg),产率60.3%;黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.46(s,1H,NH),7.85–7.80(m,2H,ph-5-H,C=CH),7.74(d,J=1.7Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.66(d,J=8.3Hz,1H,ph-2-H),7.44(dd,J=8.3,1.8Hz,1H,ph-6H),7.20(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),6.30(d,J=0.8Hz,1H,coumarin-3-H),5.40(s,2H,OCH2),2.42(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例17
化合物VIII-3的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-13(232mg,0.74mmol)、无水乙醇(40mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(130mg,1.11mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至70℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,滤渣用甲醇洗2至3遍后,经抽滤、干燥等后处理即得化合物VIII-3(205mg),产率67.4%;黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.44(s,1H,NH),7.87(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,ph-3-H,C=CH),7.55(dd,J=7.5,6.4Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.46–7.41(m,1H,ph-6-H),7.32(d,J=9.0Hz,1H,coumarin-6-H),7.28–7.22(m,2H,ph-4,5-2H),6.30(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),5.43(s,2H,OCH2),2.43(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实验例18
化合物VIII-4的制备
在100mL圆底烧瓶中加入化合物XI-14(87mg,0.27mmol)、无水乙醇(40mL),室温搅拌下加入中间体IX(48mg,0.41mmol)和哌啶(14mg),升温至60℃,搅拌至大部分原料溶解后于80℃回流,薄层色谱跟踪至反应结束。冷却至室温,析出固体,抽滤,滤渣经柱层析分离、重结晶、干燥等后处理即得化合物VIII-4(56mg),产率50.5%;淡黄色粉末;熔点:>250℃;1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.51(s,1H,NH),7.90(s,1H,C=CH),7.85(d,J=8.9Hz,1H,coumarin-5-H),7.54–7.50(m,2H,ph-2,6-2H),7.24(dd,J=16.5,8.4Hz,3H,ph-3,5-2H,coumarin-6-H),6.31(s,1H,coumarin-3-H),5.39(s,2H,OCH2),2.42(s,3H,coumarin-4-CH3)ppm。
实施例19
香豆素素噻二酮类化合物的体外抗微生物活性
采用符合美国国家委员会制定的临床实验标准(Clinical and LaboratoryStandards Institute,CLSI)的96孔微量稀释法,检查实施例4–18制得的香豆素素噻二酮类化合物对革兰氏阳性菌(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213)、革兰氏阴性菌(克雷白氏肺炎杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853、大肠杆菌ATCC25922、鲍曼不动杆菌)和真菌(白色念珠菌、热带假丝酵母菌、烟曲霉菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌ATCC20019)的最低抑制浓度(MIC),将待测化合物用少量二甲亚砜溶解,再加水稀释制成浓度为1.28mg/mL的溶液,再用培养液稀释至128μg/mL,35℃培养24-72小时,将培养板至振荡器上充分摇匀后,在波长490nm处测定MIC,结果见表1-3。
表1、实施例4-18制备的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的体外抗革兰阳性菌活性数据(MIC,μmol/mL)
从表1可以看出,本发明实施例4-18制得的化合物I-VIII,对所测试的革兰阳性菌表现出一定的抑制作用,无取代的化合物I对所测试革兰阳性菌的活性相对较差,特别的,溴丙烯取代化合物III和溴丙炔IV分别对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的MIC值均为0.006μmol/mL,是没有取代香豆素活性的70倍,诺氟沙星活性的4倍,烷基取代物随着碳链的增长活性呈降低趋势。而且活性数据显示部分化合物对一些革兰阳性菌的生物活性与参考药物诺氟沙星相媲美,甚至更强。
表2、实施例4-18制备的香豆素噻二酮化合物的体外抗革兰阴性菌活性数据(MIC,μmol/mL)
从表2可以看出,本发明实施例4-18制得的化合物I-VIII,对所测试的革兰阴性菌表现出一定的抑制作用,特别的,溴丙炔取代香豆素素噻二酮IV对肺炎克雷伯杆菌表现出很好的抗菌活性,MIC值达0.047μmol/mL。此外,活性数据显示部分化合物抗革兰阴性菌活性可与参考药物诺氟沙星相媲美,甚至更强。
表3、实施例4-18制备的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的体外抗真菌活性数据(MIC,μmol/mL)
从表3可以看出,本发明实施例4-18制得的化合物I-VIII,对所测试的真菌表现出一定的抑制作用,特别的,溴乙烷和溴丙烷烷取代香豆素噻二酮II-1,II-2分别对烟曲霉菌表现出较高的抗菌活性,MIC值分别为0.006和0.006μmol/mL。溴丙烯和溴丙炔取代香豆素噻二酮III,IV对热带假丝酵母菌表现出相当好的活性的抗真菌活性,MIC值分别为0.023和0.023μmol/mL。可与参考药物氟康唑相媲美,甚至更强。
实施例20
香豆素噻二酮类化合物的制药用途
根据上述抗微生物活性检测结果,本发明的香豆素噻二酮类化合物具有较好的抗细菌、抗真菌活性,可以制成抗细菌、抗真菌药物供临床使用。这些药物既可以是单方制剂,例如由一种结构的香豆素噻二酮类化合物与药学上可接受的辅料制成;也可以是复方制剂,例如由一种结构的香豆素噻二酮类化合物与已有抗细菌、抗真菌活性成分(如诺氟沙星、磺胺甲噁唑、氟康唑、磷氟康唑、伊曲康唑等)以及药学上可接受的辅料制成,或者由不同结构的几种香豆素噻二酮类化合物与药学上可接受的辅料制成。所述制剂类型包括但不限于片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、滴丸剂、注射剂、粉针剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、栓剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、膜剂、气雾剂、透皮吸收贴剂等剂型,以及各种缓释、控释制剂和纳米制剂。
1、化合物II-2片剂的制备
处方:化合物II-2 10g,乳糖187g,玉米淀粉50g,硬脂酸镁3g,体积百分浓度为70%的乙醇溶液适量,共制成1000片。
制法:将玉米淀粉与105℃干燥5小时备用;将化合物II-2与乳糖、玉米淀粉混合均匀,用70%的乙醇溶液制软材,过筛制湿颗粒,再加入硬脂酸镁,压片,即得;每片重250mg,活性成分含量为10mg。
2、化合物II-2胶囊剂的制备
处方:化合物II-2 25g,改性淀粉(120目)12.5g,微晶纤维素(100目)7.5g,低取代羟丙纤维素(100目)2.5g,滑石粉(100目)2g,甜味剂1.25g,橘子香精0.25g,色素适量,水适量,制成1000粒。
制法:将处方量的化合物II-2微粉化粉碎成极细粉末后,与处方量的改性淀粉、微晶纤维素、低取代羟丙纤维素、滑石粉、甜味剂、橘子香精和色素混匀,用水制软材,12–14目筛制粒,40–50℃干燥,过筛整粒,装入空胶囊,即得;每片重50mg,活性成分含量为25mg。
3、化合物II-3颗粒剂的制备
处方:化合物II-3 26g,糊精120g,蔗糖280g。
制法:将化合物II-3、糊精、蔗糖混合均匀,湿法制粒,60℃干燥,分装,即得。
4、化合物III注射剂的制备
处方:化合物III 10g,丙二醇500mL,注射用水500mL,共制成1000mL。
制法:称取化合物III、加入丙二醇和注射水,搅拌溶解,再加入1g活性炭,充分搅拌后静置15分钟,用5μm钛棒过滤脱炭,再依次用孔径为0.45μm和0.22μm的微孔滤膜精滤,最后灌封于10mL安瓿中,100℃流通蒸气灭菌45分钟,即得。
5、化合物IV粉针剂的制备
制法:化合物IV无菌粉末在无菌条件下分装,即得。
6、化合物V滴眼剂的制备
处方:化合物V 3.78g,氯化钠0.9g,苯乙醇3g,硼酸缓冲溶液适量,蒸馏水加至1000mL。
制法:称取化合物V、氯化钠加至500mL蒸馏水中,溶解完全后用硼酸缓冲溶液调节PH至6.5,加蒸馏水至1000mL,搅拌均匀,微孔滤膜过滤,灌装,密封,100℃流通蒸气灭菌1小时,即得。
7、化合物VI搽剂的制备
处方:化合物VI 4g,钾肥皂7.5g,樟脑5g,蒸馏水加至100mL。
制法:将樟脑用体积百分浓度为95%的乙醇溶液溶解,备用;将钾肥皂加热液化,备用,称取化合物VI,在不断搅拌下加入钾肥皂液和樟脑乙醇溶液,再逐渐加入蒸馏水,乳化完全后再加入蒸馏水至全量,即得。
8、化合物III栓剂的制备
处方:化合物III 4g,明胶14g,甘油70g,蒸馏水加至100mL,公制100枚。
制法:称取明胶和甘油,加蒸馏水至100mL,水浴60℃加热熔化呈糊状时加入化合物III,搅拌均匀,近凝固时倒入阴道栓模具中,冷却凝固,即得。
9、化合物I软膏剂的制备
处方:化合物I 0.5–2g,十六醇6–8g,白凡士林8–10g,液体石蜡8–19g,单甘脂2–5g,聚氧乙烯(40)硬脂酸脂2–5g,甘油5–10g,尼泊金乙酯0.1g,蒸馏水加至100g。
制法:将十六醇、白凡士林、液体石蜡、单甘脂和聚氧乙烯(40)硬脂酸脂加热完全溶化后混匀,保温80℃,作为油相备用;将尼泊金乙酯加入甘油和蒸馏水中,加热至85℃溶解,再在不断搅拌下加入油相,乳化后加入化合物I,搅拌冷却,即得。
10、化合物II-3与氟康唑复方粉针剂的制备
处方:化合物II-3 50g,氟康唑50g,苯甲酸钠1g,共制成100瓶。
制法:取处方量的化合物II-3、氟康唑和苯甲酸钠,在无菌状态下混合均匀,分装100瓶,即得。
11、化合物IV气雾剂的制备
处方:化合物IV 2.5g,Span20 3g,滑石粉(100目)4g,三氯一氟甲烷加至适量。
制法:将化合物IV、Span20和滑石粉分别置真空干燥箱内干燥数小时,置干燥器内冷却至室温,用气流粉碎机粉碎成微粉,再按处方量混匀,灌入密闭容器内,加入三氯一氟甲烷至规定量,即得。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐,其特征在于:
通式II中n为0、1、2、4或8的整数;
通式IV中Y为CH或N杂原子;
通式V中R1为氢;
通式VI中R2为乙氧基;
通式VIII中X1、X2和X3为氢、氟或氯。
4.权利要求1-2任一项所述的香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括如下步骤:
a、中间体IX的制备:氯乙酸与硫脲经环合反应即得中间体IX;
b、中间体X的制备:以间苯二酚为起始原料,经Pechmann反应得到4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素,再以冰醋酸作溶剂与六次甲基四胺反应即得中间体X;
c、中间体XI的制备:将中间体X溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,在碳酸钾作用下与卤代化合物发生亲核取代反应即得中间体XI,所述中间体XI的结构如通式XI:1-14;
其中,
通式XI:1-5中n为0、1、2、4或8的整数;
通式XI:11-14中X1、X2和X3为氢、氟或氯;
d、通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的制备,将中间体X或XI溶于溶剂后与中间体IX在六氢吡啶的催化下发生缩合反应,即制得通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物;
e、通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的可药用盐的制备:将通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入可药用酸反应至无沉淀生成为止,即制得通式I-VIII所示的香豆素噻二酮类化合物的可药用盐。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,
步骤b中,所述Pechmann反应的温度为0℃;所述4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素与六次甲基四胺的物质的量之比为1:2.5;
步骤c中,中间体X、卤代化合物和碳酸钾的物质的量之比为1:1.5:1.5;
步骤d中,所述缩合反应的溶剂为无水乙醇;所述中间体X或XI与中间体IX的物质的量之比为1:1.5;
步骤e中,所述有机溶剂为氯仿、丙酮、乙腈、乙醚或四氢呋喃中的一种或多种。
6.权利要求1-3任一项所述的香豆素噻二酮类化合物及其可药用盐在制备抗细菌和/或抗真菌药物中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、克雷白氏肺炎杆菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌中的任一种或多种;所述真菌为热带假丝酵母菌、烟曲霉菌、白色念珠菌、近平滑假丝酵母菌中的任一种或多种。
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