CN108850142A - A kind of salicylic acid improves the methods and applications of grape superoxide dismutase activity - Google Patents
A kind of salicylic acid improves the methods and applications of grape superoxide dismutase activity Download PDFInfo
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- CN108850142A CN108850142A CN201810598901.3A CN201810598901A CN108850142A CN 108850142 A CN108850142 A CN 108850142A CN 201810598901 A CN201810598901 A CN 201810598901A CN 108850142 A CN108850142 A CN 108850142A
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- grape
- parts
- salicylic acid
- superoxide dismutase
- evaporated
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Links
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title claims description 107
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract 28
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 17
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000016261 weight loss Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BQMKAHQKDSZAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrasodium;iron(3+);nitroxyl anion;pentacyanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].O=[N-] BQMKAHQKDSZAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000123650 Botrytis cinerea Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000028245 fruit abscission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011169 microbiological contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical class [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Inorganic materials [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000031016 anaphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001752 chlorophylls and chlorophyllins Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ninhydrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)(O)C(=O)C2=C1 FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPXMTWWFLBLUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro blue tetrazolium(2+) Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=2C=C(OC)C(=CC=2)[N+]=2N(N=C(N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1[N+]1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 JPXMTWWFLBLUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQUKIQWCVTZJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 OQUKIQWCVTZJAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005439 thermosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23B7/022—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution with addition of chemicals before or during drying, e.g. semi-moist products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The side that a kind of salicylic acid provided by the invention improves grape superoxide dismutase activity includes the salicylic acid solution that preparation substance withdrawl syndrome is 1.0mmol/L and accesses the Tween-20 that volume fraction is 0.05%；In florescence, expanding stage, veraison and 2d four-stage spray salicylic acid to grape fruit ear and handle and dry before harvesting, and it is fertile and irrigate to start to apply grape fresh-keeping upgrading for that afternoon post sunset after spraying.The holding time that the method for the present invention extends grape is more than 40%, by grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer inside offer while anti-oxidant power, so that grape various nutritional ingredients after being carried out Preservation Treatment using salicylic acid are not reduced not only and are increased instead, the speed that nutriment is lost after greatly having delayed grape to pick simultaneously, so that the extended shelf-life of grape, the quality for improving grape has wide applicability in wine-growing field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural products fresh-keeping technical fields, and specifically, present invention relates particularly to a kind of fresh-keeping grapes of salicylic acid
Technical field.
Background technique
Grape is one of Xinjiang region leading industry, and deep to be liked by the majority of consumers, market potential is huge.However, due to
Grape Skin is relatively thin, and water content is big, organize it is delicate, be easy in picking process it is impaired, storage and transportation and sales process be easy to happen shattering,
Brown stain, stick, rot the problems such as, not only influenced the fresh-keeping effect of grape, but also cause certain economic loss.
Grape Fresh Keeping Technology is mainly low temperature bond SO both at home and abroad at present2Antiseptical storage.Although SO2It is stifling to can be effectively controlled
The postharvest decay and holding fruit quality of grape, but due to SO2Lead to the dosage and effectively kill to grape that grape injures
The comparable doses of bacterium, and SO2Use can along with fruit bleaching, carpopodium brown stain, hair cracks, generate peculiar smell the problems such as,
SO simultaneously2The residue problem of subsulfide has attracted more and more attention from people on grape after stifling.Therefore, substitution SO is found2It is stifling
Grape During Storage disease is controlled, maintains fruit quality, and safely and effectively preservation method is the research emphasis in grape fresh-keeping field.
The prior art indicate that salicylic acid (SA) or salicylic acid and sodium nitroprussiate (SNP) mixed liquor have been used in improvement water
The fresh-keeping aspect such as honey peach, fresh flower, strawberry, but pericarp can be all reduced using salicylic acid or salicylic acid and sodium nitroprussiate mixed liquor
Chlorophyll, carotenoid, pericarp total phenol, general flavone content, free amino acid and Vitamin C content etc. are beneficial to human body to be had
Ingredient is imitated, a kind of substance and method that can be improved grape nutriment but there is good fresh-keeping effect is needed.
Summary of the invention
For salicylic acid in the prior art and its compound, sprinkling is fresh-keeping before grape is picked can reduce grape effective component
The technical issues of, the present invention provides a kind of methods that salicylic acid improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, utilize substance
Measuring and volume fraction is added in the aqueous solution of salicylic acid that concentration is 0.5mmol/L-2.0mmol/L is 0.05%Tween-20 in grape
It is sprayed by means of the present invention before picking, is dried as early as possible using temperature regulating device, improve the superoxides discrimination in grape
Change enzyme, there is wide applicability in field of agricultural cultivation.
The present invention provides a kind of methods that salicylic acid improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, and the method includes such as
Lower step：
(1) salicylic acid and Tween-20 are added in deionized water water, being made into substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.5mmol/L-
The aqueous solution of salicylic acid of 2.0mmol/L, the volume fraction containing Tween-20 is 0.05% in solution.
(2) growth potential is consistent, the good fruit ear of irradiation for selection, in florescence, expanding stage, veraison and tetra- ranks of 2d before harvesting
The salicylic acid solution that section spray step (1) configuration to grape fruit ear is handled.
(3) per stage sprays sprays fruit face several times, sprays uniformly, and it is about 200mL that every string fruit ear, which sprays medical fluid, through dry
Dry, per stage sprays end that afternoon post sunset and starts to apply dedicated grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer and irrigate.
(4) after normal harvesting pre-cooling, grape fruit items index of correlation is measured every 7d.
Drying mode is naturally dry or is evaporated the moisture on grape pomace surface using temperature regulating device in the present invention.
Temperature regulating device of the invention includes bottom plate, column, guide duct and is evaporated cylinder, is provided with column and battery on bottom plate,
It is fixed on column and is evaporated cylinder, be evaporated top equipped with guide duct, be evaporated cylinder and guide duct junction is equipped with buffer layer and mesh,
Buffer layer setting is being evaporated a side, is evaporated an inner wall surrounding and the identical position of buffer layer is equipped with spongy layer, be evaporated a bottom
Equipped with mesh floor, top is evaporated equipped with cover, and mesh floor is equipped with fan and temperature detect switch (TDS), and fan is equipped with heater
Structure has heating layer in heating mechanism, and water tank is equipped among heating mechanism, is equipped with ventilation duct, ventilation duct among heating mechanism
Thermocouple is equipped in water tank and heating layer, water tank, thermocouple and temperature detect switch (TDS) are electrically connected, temperature detect switch (TDS) and fan difference
It is electrically connected with the battery, cover center is equipped with centre bore, and cover is surrounded by gas vent.
More preferred, the cover top of temperature regulating device of the invention is equipped with handle in centre bore two sides, and bottom plate has
Supporting leg is equipped with bulb between bottom plate and column.
Special grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer provided by the invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：1 part -2 of salicylic acid part
15 parts -20 parts of part, 20 parts -30 parts of sheep dung part, eggplant stem and leaf powder, 5 parts -6 parts of plant ash extracting solution, 4 parts -10 parts of bean dregs,
20 parts -40 parts of grape vinasse.
Preferred grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer provided by the invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：1 part -2 of salicylic acid part
Part, 25 parts -30 parts of sheep dung part, eggplant stem and 18 parts -20 parts of leaf powder, 5 parts -6 parts of plant ash extracting solution, 7 parts -9 parts of bean dregs, Portugal
30 parts -34 parts of grape vinasse part.
More preferred, grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer provided by the invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：Salicylic acid part 2
Part, 28 parts of sheep dung part, eggplant stem and 19 parts of leaf powder, 6 parts of plant ash extracting solution, 8 parts of bean dregs, 32 parts of grape vinasse part.
The drying temperature of temperature regulating device control of the invention is 24 DEG C -35 DEG C.
In the present invention, the wind speed of temperature regulating device control is 8.0m/s~10.7m/s.
In the present invention, irrigation volume is 10m after fertilising3/hm2-15m3/hm2, drip irrigation pipe apart from grape tree root 40cm-60cm,
Fertilising is apart from european grape root 20cm-40cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The method that a kind of salicylic acid provided by the invention improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, using in the specific period
Spraying and volume fraction is added in the aqueous solution of salicylic acid that substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.5mmol/L-2.0mmol/L is 0.05%
Tween-20, sprays rear naturally dry or the method that is evaporated rapidly improves superoxide dismutase in grape, to prolong
The holding time for having grown grape is more than 40%, meanwhile, by grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer inside offer while anti-oxidant power,
Grape quality is improved, so that grape various nutritional ingredients after being carried out Preservation Treatment using salicylic acid are not reduced not only and risen instead
Height, at the same greatly delayed grape pick after nutriment be lost speed so that superoxide dismutase activity enhancing and
And improve process when storing and delay, so that the extended shelf-life of grape, improves the quality of grape, have in wine-growing field
Wide applicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is temperature regulating device schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is temperature regulating device structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is heating mechanism structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is superoxide dismutase activity curve graph in grape after present invention picking.
In Fig. 1-3,1- bottom plate, 2- column, 3- guide duct, 4- are evaporated cylinder, 5- heating mechanism, 6- water tank, 7- heating layer, 8-
Thermocouple, 9- ventilation duct, 10- cover, 11- centre bore, 12- gas vent, 13- handle, 14- buffer layer, 15- mesh, 16- sponge
Layer, 17- fan, 18- battery, 19- supporting leg, 20- temperature detect switch (TDS), 21- bulb.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail for 1-4 and embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing, but this hair
Bright method is not limited to following embodiments.
Thermocouple 8, fan 17, battery 18, temperature detect switch (TDS) 20, the bulb 21 used in the present invention can all pass through market approach
Buying or customization obtain.
Embodiment one：The method that salicylic acid of the present invention improves grape superoxide dismutase activity
The present invention provides a kind of methods that salicylic acid improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, and the method includes such as
Lower step：
(1) salicylic acid and Tween-20 are added in deionized water water, being made into substance withdrawl syndrome is 1.0mmol/L's
Aqueous solution of salicylic acid, the volume fraction containing Tween-20 is 0.05% in solution.
(2) growth potential is consistent, the good fruit ear of irradiation for selection, in florescence, expanding stage (late July), veraison (under August
Ten days) and 2d (mid-September) four-stage spray configured salicylic acid to grape fruit ear and handles before harvesting.
(3) per stage sprays sprays fruit face several times, sprays uniformly, and it is about 200mL that every string fruit ear, which sprays medical fluid, dry,
Per stage sprays end that afternoon post sunset and starts to apply grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer and irrigate.
(4) after normal harvesting pre-cooling, grape fruit items index of correlation is measured every 7d.
Drying mode is to be evaporated the moisture on grape pomace surface using temperature regulating device in the present invention.
Embodiment two：The Optimum Experiment of Determination of Salicylic Acid of the present invention
Test setting 3 salicylic acid (SA) concentration for the treatment of, respectively 0.5mmoL/L (S1), 1.0mmoL/L (S2),
2.0mmoL/L (S3), every kind of salicylic acid solution is interior to contain volume fraction 0.05%Tween-20, using clear water as control group.
Select that growth potential is consistent, the good fruit ear of irradiation, in florescence, late July (expanding stage), late August (annesl
Phase) and grape fruit ear is carried out to spray salicylic acid processing mid-September (2d before harvesting).Per stage sprays fruit face for several times, sprays
Even, it is about 200mL that per stage every string fruit ear, which sprays medical fluid, dry, and single plant is 1 repetition, is repeated 3 times and is averaged.Normally adopt
After receiving pre-cooling, after laboratory is inoculated with the pathogen of Botrytis cinerea, 60 days measurement grape fruit items indexs of correlation are placed.
Weight-loss ratio (%)=(weight after weight-storage before storing)/weight × 100 before storing；Fruit abscission rate (%)=
(fruit grain number that falls off/for the fruit ear fruit sum of detection) × 100；The grape situation of rotting is divided into 5 grades by rotting mechanism.0 grade：
No any rotten or drying shrinkage trace；1 grade：There is rotten trace, but area is below 5%；2 grades：Trace area rot in 5%-
10%；3 grades：Trace area rot in 10%-20%；4 grades：It rots or drying shrinkage trace area is 20% or more；Contamination rate (%)
=microbiological contamination fruit ear number/for detection fruit ear sum × 100；The hardness of fruit is measured using Italy's FT-327 type hardness tester meter.All surveys
Surely it is repeated 3 times, is averaged.
Table 1：The optimization data of Determination of Salicylic Acid and with control group contrasting data
| Test item | Weight-loss ratio | Expulsion rate | Contamination rate | Hardness | Rotting mechanism |
| Fruit after S1 harvesting pre-cooling | 4.2% | 7.1% | 6.01% | 2.19kg·cm-2 | 1 |
| Fruit after S2 harvesting pre-cooling | 4.0% | 4.9% | 5.12% | 2.47kg·cm-2 | 0 |
| Fruit after S3 harvesting pre-cooling | 4.7% | 7.4% | 6.11% | 2.16kg·cm-2 | 1 |
| Fruit after control group harvesting pre-cooling | 14.9% | 42.1% | 18.05% | 1.09kg·cm-2 | 3 |
It is seen from the above data that the salicylic acid of 1.0mmoL/L to improve grape superoxide dismutase activity more
Obviously, it is made into the aqueous solution of salicylic acid that substance withdrawl syndrome is 1.0mmol/L by adding, the body containing Tween-20 in solution
Fraction is 0.05% moisture evaporation that can effectively slow down grape fruit, reduces weightlessness, but also expulsion rate is greatly reduced, dye
Bacterium rate is substantially reduced, and illustrates that growth has apparent inhibition in the grape to inoculation the pathogen of Botrytis cinerea, the hardness of fruit also has
It significantly improves, rotting mechanism is also effectively reduced.
Embodiment three：The method that salicylic acid of the present invention improves grape superoxide dismutase activity
Salicylic acid of the invention improves the application method of the method for grape superoxide dismutase activity, temperature regulating device control
Drying temperature be 24 DEG C -35 DEG C, temperature regulating device control wind speed be 8.0m/s~10.7m/s, after fertilising irrigation volume be 10m3/
hm2-15m3/hm2, drip irrigation pipe is apart from grape tree root 40cm-60cm, and fertilising is apart from european grape root 20cm~40cm.
Example IV：Temperature regulating device of the present invention
Temperature regulating device of the invention includes bottom plate 1, column 2, guide duct 3 and is evaporated cylinder 4, and 2 He of column is provided on bottom plate 1
Battery 18 is fixed on column 2 and is evaporated cylinder 4, is evaporated 4 top of cylinder equipped with guide duct 3, is evaporated cylinder 4 and 3 junction of guide duct is equipped with
Buffer layer 14 and mesh 15, the setting of buffer layer 14 are being evaporated 4 side of cylinder, are being evaporated 4 inner wall surrounding of cylinder and the identical position of buffer layer 14
Spongy layer 16 is installed, buffer layer 14 is provided with the stomata that gas supply stream passes through above, and buffer layer 14 and spongy layer 16 are provided to
It prevents from air-flow from blowing to grape to be evaporated 4 side wall of cylinder and damage, is evaporated 4 bottom of cylinder equipped with mesh floor, is evaporated 4 top of cylinder equipped with cover
10, mesh floor is equipped with fan 17 and temperature detect switch (TDS) 20, and fan 17 is equipped with heating mechanism 5, has and add in heating mechanism 5
Thermosphere 7 is equipped with water tank 6 among heating mechanism 5, ventilation duct 9 is equipped among heating mechanism 5, and ventilation duct 9 passes through water tank and heating layer
7,6 water temperature of water tank is maintained at by a steady temperature by the heater strip in heating layer 7, air-flow passes through the ventilation among water tank 6
It is heated to a fixed temperature when pipe 9, thermocouple 8 is equipped in water tank 6, thermocouple 8 and temperature detect switch (TDS) 20 are electrically connected, pass through
Thermocouple 8 and temperature detect switch (TDS) 20 are precisely controlled temperature, avoid that grape is burnt or temperature is too low, temperature detect switch (TDS) 20 and fan 17
Respectively with battery 18 be electrically connected, 10 center of cover be equipped with centre bore 11, centre bore 11 make grape cluster be put into it is interior after, grape tail
Portion will not be surrounded by gas vent 12 by pinch off, cover 10, and a part of air-flow is flowed out from top, and avoiding air-flow from flowing to side will
Grape, which is touched, brushes off grape particle above, the speed that buffer layer 14 and mesh 15 have also delayed air-flow to flow out from guide duct 3 in side wall
Degree reduces injury of the whirlpool of wind formation to grape, but most of air-flow still passes through the outflow of guide duct 3 and blows to ground,
Reduce impact of the wind to grape trellis and its grape above.
More preferred, 10 top of cover of temperature regulating device of the invention is equipped with handle 13 in 11 two sides of centre bore, convenient
It pulls open cover 10 and is put into grape cluster, bottom plate 1 has supporting leg 19, and supporting leg 19 is designed to spine type, convenient on soft ground
It is fixed, bulb 21 is equipped between bottom plate 1 and column 2.
Embodiment five：Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention
Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：Salicylic acid 1g, 20 parts of sheep dung, eggplant stem with
Leaf powder 15g, plant ash extracting solution 5g, bean dregs 4g, grape vinasse 20g.
Embodiment six：Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention
Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：Salicylic acid 2g, sheep dung 30g, eggplant stem with
Leaf powder 20g, plant ash extracting solution 6g, bean dregs 10g, grape vinasse 40g.
Embodiment seven：Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention
Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：Salicylic acid 1g, sheep dung 25g, eggplant stem with
Leaf powder 18g, plant ash extracting solution 5g, bean dregs 7g, grape vinasse 30g.
Embodiment eight：Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention
Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：Salicylic acid 2g, sheep dung 30g, eggplant stem with
Leaf powder 20g, plant ash extracting solution 6g, bean dregs 9g, grape vinasse 34g.
Embodiment nine：Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention
Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the present invention includes the substance of following weight part ratio：Salicylic acid 2g, sheep dung 28g, eggplant stem with
Leaf powder 19g, plant ash extracting solution 6g, bean dregs 8g, grape vinasse 32g.
Embodiment ten：The method of the present invention plantation grape picking after superoxide dismutase and other nutritions, guarantee the quality
Phase detection
It is continuously planted 3 years using the implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention one with selecting one piece of Red globe grape, is surveyed after picking
Try superoxide dismutase activity, the pericarp chlorophyll, carotenoid, pericarp total phenol, general flavone content, free ammonia in grape
Base acid and Vitamin C content.It records weight-loss ratio when the Red globe grape after picking every year is evaluated storage time and stored 60 days, take off
Fall rate, rotting mechanism and hardness.Test simultaneously is drawn bent with the remaining content for extending nutriment in grape of storage time
Line.Grape weight-loss ratio (%)=(weight after weight-storage before fruit ear is stored)/weight × 100 before storing；Fruit abscission rate
(%)=(fruit grain number that falls off/for the fruit ear fruit sum of detection) × 100；The grape situation of rotting is divided into 5 etc. by rotting mechanism
Grade.0 grade：No any rotten or drying shrinkage trace；1 grade：There is rotten trace, but area is below 5%；2 grades：Rotten trace area exists
5%-10%；3 grades：Trace area rot in 10%-20%；4 grades：It rots or drying shrinkage trace area is 20% or more；Contamination rate
(%)=microbiological contamination fruit ear number/for detection fruit ear sum × 100；The hardness of fruit is measured using Italy's FT-327 type hardness tester meter.Institute
There is measurement to be repeated 3 times, is averaged.
Superoxide dismutase activity, pericarp chlorophyll, carotenoid, pericarp total phenol, general flavone content in grape,
Free amino acid and ascorbic measuring method are to take 5 fruit ears to survey at random respectively in each repetition in storage second day of fruit ear storage
It is fixed primary, it measures 5 times be averaged altogether.Grape superoxide dismutase activity is used using the measurement measurement of nitroblue tetrazolium method, always
The measurement of phenol content uses Folin-Phenol colorimetric method；The measurement of general flavone content uses NaNO2-Al(NO3)3Development process；Using wine
Smart extraction method measures Chlorophylls and Carotenoids content, uses acid-base neutralization method measurement fruit juice titratable acid content (with tartaric acid
Meter), soluble sugar content is measured using phenol-sulfuric acid and colorimetric method, using enzyme solution determination of color glucose content, using examining
Mas bright blue-G250 determination of color content of soluble protein, using 2,6- sodium dichlorophenol indophenolate titration measuring vitamin C
Content, using ninhydrin determination of color free aminoacid content, storage period is that 1 grade of 60% fruit appearance or more is rotted
When.
Superoxide dismutase activity variation tendency in grape is using picking in grape and identical environment of the invention
The grape not handled be from fruit ear is put in storage the storage same day after respectively handle every 15d, each repetition takes 5 fruit ears at random respectively
Measurement is primary, measures 5 times altogether.
Weight-loss ratio, expulsion rate, rotting mechanism and hardness when table 2 is stored 60 days
Grape nutrition content after table 3 is picked
From above-mentioned tables of data 2, table 3 and attached drawing 4 as can be seen that implantation methods of the invention, which can be stablized, promotes red earth Portugal
Superoxide dismutase, pericarp chlorophyll, carotenoid, pericarp total phenol, general flavone content, free amino acid and Wei Sheng in grape
Plain C content makes Red globe grape storage time promote 40% or more, and grape nutrients mass flow using identical storage practice
Stall degree slows down, and the nutritive value of grape improves, and without processing, superoxide dismutase activity exists in grape
25unit·g-1FW·min-1Left and right, strongly reduces, anaphase storage, enzymatic activity is bright afterwards as the extension of storage time first increases
Aobvious decline, storage property worse and worse, but higher, ramp-up rate after superoxide dismutase activity picking in grape of the invention
Relatively slow, this just illustrates the metabolic process of the invention for effectively having delayed grape.
Embodiment 11：The method of the present invention and common implantation methods comparative test
It is equally divided into four parts with selecting one piece of Red globe grape, there is 20 plants of vines in every part of ground, all vines are
Implantation methods of the embodiment of the present invention one, the common implantation methods handled without salicylic acid, straight are respectively adopted in the plantation of same time
It connects to spray salicylic implantation methods and spray the substance withdrawl syndrome that addition volume fraction is 0.05%Tween-20 and is
The aqueous solution of salicylic acid implantation methods of 1.0mmol/L are planted, and superoxide dismutase, pericarp in grape are tested after picking
Chlorophyll, carotenoid, pericarp total phenol, general flavone content, free amino acid and Vitamin C content.In plantation side of the invention
Grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer of the invention is applied in method, other three kinds are applied same amount of commercial glucose organic fertilizer, irrigation frequency and amount
It is identical.
From the above it is found that implantation methods of the invention significantly improve activity of the superoxide dismutase in grape
Increasing speed for superoxide dismutase is delayed up to 30% or more, and from known to above-described embodiment ten, so that the guarantor of grape
The fresh time is able to extend 40% or more, illustrates that the present invention is effective to the processing of grape in planting process.It was found from data
Spray be added volume fraction be 0.05%Tween-20 substance withdrawl syndrome be 1.0mmol/L aqueous solution of salicylic acid plantation side
Although method has certain effect to superoxide dismutase activity raising, other effective components are reduced in grape, reduce Portugal
The quality of grape, this illustrate salicylic acid and Tween-20 in the present invention spray and be evaporated will be with corresponding fertilising and pouring scheme association
With implementation, other nutritional ingredients in grape could be also effectively improved when improving superoxide dismutase activity in this way and are contained
Amount delays after picking nutrient loss speed in grape, extends the shelf life but keep grape quality.
As described above, the present invention can be realized preferably, the above embodiments are only to preferred implementation side of the invention
Formula is described, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and without departing from the spirit of the design of the present invention, this field is general
The various changes and improvements that logical technical staff makes technical solution of the present invention, should all fall into present invention determine that protection scope
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that salicylic acid improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that the method includes as follows
Step：
（1）Salicylic acid and Tween-20 are added in deionized water water, being made into substance withdrawl syndrome is 0.5mmol/L-
The aqueous solution of salicylic acid of 2.0mmol/L, the volume fraction containing Tween-20 is 0.05% in solution；
（2）Select that growth potential is consistent, the good fruit ear of irradiation, in florescence, expanding stage, veraison and 2d four-stage pair before harvesting
Grape fruit ear carries out spraying step（1）The salicylic acid solution of configuration is handled；
（3）Per stage sprays sprays fruit face several times, sprays uniformly, and it is about 200mL that per stage every string fruit ear, which sprays medical fluid, warp
Dry, per stage sprays end that afternoon post sunset and starts to apply dedicated grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer and irrigate；
（4）After normal harvesting pre-cooling, grape fruit items index of correlation is measured every 7d.
2. the method that salicylic acid as described in claim 1 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
Drying mode is naturally dry or is evaporated the moisture on grape pomace surface using temperature regulating device.
3. the method that salicylic acid as claimed in claim 2 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
Temperature regulating device includes bottom plate, column, guide duct and is evaporated cylinder, and column and battery are provided on bottom plate, is fixed with and is evaporated on column
Cylinder is evaporated top equipped with guide duct, is evaporated cylinder and guide duct junction is equipped with buffer layer and mesh, buffer layer setting is being evaporated
Cylinder side, is evaporated an inner wall surrounding and the identical position of buffer layer is equipped with spongy layer, is evaporated a bottom equipped with mesh floor, is evaporated
Cylinder top is equipped with cover, and mesh floor is equipped with fan and temperature detect switch (TDS), and fan is equipped with heating mechanism, divides into heating mechanism
There is heating layer, water tank is equipped among heating mechanism, ventilation duct is equipped among heating mechanism, ventilation duct passes through water tank and heating layer,
Thermocouple is equipped in water tank, thermocouple and temperature detect switch (TDS) are electrically connected, and temperature detect switch (TDS) and fan are electrically connected with the battery respectively, cylinder
Lid center is equipped with centre bore, and cover is surrounded by gas vent.
4. the method that salicylic acid as described in claim 1 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
Dedicated grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer includes the substance of following weight part ratio：1 part -2 parts of salicylic acid part, 20 parts -30 parts of sheep dung part, eggplant
Sub bar and 15 parts -20 parts of leaf powder, 5 parts -6 parts of plant ash extracting solution, 4 parts -10 parts of bean dregs, 20 parts -40 parts of grape vinasse part.
5. the method that salicylic acid as claimed in claim 4 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
Dedicated grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer includes the substance of following weight part ratio：1 part -2 parts of salicylic acid part, 25 parts -30 parts of sheep dung part, eggplant
Sub bar and 18 parts -20 parts of leaf powder, 5 parts -6 parts of plant ash extracting solution, 7 parts -9 parts of bean dregs, 30 parts -34 parts of grape vinasse part.
6. the method that salicylic acid as claimed in claim 4 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
Dedicated grape fresh-keeping upgrading fertilizer includes the substance of following weight part ratio：2 parts of salicylic acid part, 28 parts of sheep dung part, eggplant stem and leaf
19 parts of powder, 6 parts of plant ash extracting solution, 8 parts of bean dregs, 32 parts of grape vinasse part.
7. the method that salicylic acid as described in claim 1 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
The drying temperature of temperature regulating device control is 24 DEG C -35 DEG C.
8. the method that salicylic acid as described in claim 1 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
The wind speed of temperature regulating device control is 8.0m/s ~ 10.7m/s.
9. the method that salicylic acid as described in claim 1 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity, which is characterized in that described
Irrigation volume is 10m after fertilising3/hm2-15m3/hm2, drip irrigation pipe is apart from grape tree root 40cm-60cm, and fertilising is apart from european grape root 20cm
~40cm。
10. the method that salicylic acid as described in claim 1 improves grape superoxide dismutase activity is improving red earth Portugal
Application after grape picking in quality.
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