CN1088434C - 配有高压气体压缩机的机动车再加速方法及装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
配有为无污染或降低污染的发动机提供高压压缩空气的压缩机的机动车的再加速方法及装置,其中,当机动车减速和/或制动时,自载压缩机(25)起动,高压压缩空气流向并储存在隔热的、维持在极高压力和温度下的再加速筒(35)内,当机动车再加速时,即将高温高压下的压缩空气喷射入发动机的燃烧室或膨胀室(2)。
Description
本发明涉及陆地车辆,尤其是配有独立燃烧室式无污染或降低污染发动机的陆地车辆。
本申请人在其已公开的专利申请WO 96/27737中已描述了一种外部独立燃烧室式发动机的减少污染的方法,这种发动机按照一种双能源类型双工况的原理运转,在行驶时使用一种如汽油或柴油的传统燃料(燃料与空气混合物类型的单一方式运转),在低速行驶时,特别是处于城区和市郊时,加入不包括其它任何一种燃料的压缩空气(或其它任何无污染气体),空气单一运转方式即指添加压缩空气。在其专利申请9607714中,申请人描述了用在公用事业汽车、如城市公交车上,以添加压缩空气进行单一方式运转的该种发动机装置。
在这种发动机中,当以燃料与空气混合气体方式运转时,空气与燃料混合气体进入一独立进气及压缩室内被压缩。然后,这种混合气体保持压力不变而送入一定容的独立燃烧室,并在里面燃烧,以增加混合气体的温度和压力。混合气体通过把燃烧室或膨胀室与一减压及排气室连起来的输送口后,在减压及排气室内膨胀做功。这些膨胀气体再通过一排气管排入空气中。
以小功率的空气方式运转时,不再控制燃料喷嘴;在这种情况下,来自进气及压缩室的不含燃料的压缩空气进入燃烧室后不久,少量补充压缩空气从一外部筒送入燃烧室,在外部筒内,空气以室温、高压如200巴储存在里面。该小量室温压缩空气与燃烧室或膨胀室内的高温空气相遇即被加热,然后膨胀开,增加了燃烧室的压力,从而在膨胀时可释放出动力功。
还可取消传统燃料型发动机的所有部件,将双工况或双能源(空气与汽油或空气与补充压缩空气)型发动机改成单一方式的空气-压缩空气型发动机,以更好地适用于城市用途,例如用于任何机动车辆,尤其是公交车或其它公用事业汽车(出租车、垃圾车等)。
这样的发动机仅以单一方式运转,即将补充压缩空气喷射入燃烧室,燃烧室也因此成为膨胀室。另外,进入发动机的空气可通过一个或若干个活性碳过滤器,或其它机械的、化学的方法,分子筛,或其它过滤器进行过滤与净化,以实现一种减少污染的发动机。在本文中,“空气”一词可指“无污染的所有气体”。
在法国专利申请9611632中,本申请人还描述了向配有上面所述发动机的机动车的储气筒重新输送压缩空气的自载高压压缩机装置,压缩机由带一自主能源的自给发动机所驱动,并在输送压缩空气时接合,目的在于当汽车减速、制动时,可起动并充填机动车压缩空气筒以回收机动车减速制动时会散逸的大量能量。
但是,在这种装置中,高温高压压缩空气装满约常温下的主筒后,主筒又冷却下来。这种方法造成很大一部分能量的损耗,特别是在主筒开始排气时。由于降温导致减压,这导致主筒内压力降低。
根据本发明的方法提出了另一种解决办法,它另外可使汽车加速时有一力矩及一备用补充功率。其特征在于所采用的设备,特别是在于,当机动车减速制动时,由一离合器或其它任何一种耦合器启动的高压压缩机,可产生高温高压如200巴的压缩气体,此时其作用相当于一个制动减速器,甚至刹车。所述压缩气体被分流,存放在称为再加速筒的隔热或不隔热筒内,筒内可维持住压缩气体的高温高压,这种高温高压压缩气体可送入发动机燃烧室或膨胀室,用作重新发动机动车的动力。压缩气体由于停留在再加速筒内的时间短暂,因而保持住了最高的温度和压力,从而当机动车需再启动或再加速时,趁热喷射进发动机燃烧室,而携带有多得多的能量。隔热再加速筒的容量视实际需要而定,里面的空气压力也是如此,当再加速筒充满后,空气重又流向主筒。
本领域的技术人员可根据所追求的应用效果中的制动与加速频率与平均强度来计算再加速筒的容积和压力。
根据本发明的一优选特征,再加速储气筒在一可变容量系统中得以实现,目的在于从注入开始就使其中储备的压缩空气维持于准恒定的压力和温度,这是通过由若干机械、气动或液压系统如弹簧或其它系统辅助的装置实现的,尤其是一种使用主筒中已减至规定压强的压缩空气的装置。这样,隔热再加速可变容量可避免伴随着压缩空气的注入的压缩空气气压的下降和温度的降低,并可随时得到所希望的高大量温压缩空气,以重新起动机动车,而不必等到再加速筒完全灌满后才获得所需工作压力(如100巴)。
因此,在机动车刚刚减速或制动之后,如果司机又想再加速,就可将再加速筒内的大量高温高压压缩空气灌注入燃烧室或膨胀室,以期在燃烧室内获得相当高的压力,从而确保获得力矩与功率。
还有多种方法可用来维持再加速筒的温度,比如使用陶瓷,比如采用玻璃纤维或其它的隔热方法,同样可考虑采取一些无污染的热力或化学加热系统,但所有这些都不超出本发明的再加速方法的范围。
本发明的其它目的、优点及特征在下文中参照附图,以一个非限制性的实施例加以描述,图中:
-图1是根据本发明的带有一再加速筒的装置的示意图。
-图2是具有可变容量和恒定压力的再加速储气筒的类似装置及其压力与温度的维持系统的纵剖视图。
图1简略地示出了一降低污染的发动机装置的示意图,该发动机装置包括一进气及压缩室1、一定容的燃烧室或膨胀室2和一减压及排气室4。燃烧室或膨胀室2内安装着靠储存在高压筒23内的压缩空气供给补充空气的喷嘴22。进气及压缩室1通过管5与燃烧室或膨胀室2相连,管5的开合均由一密封阀门6控制。燃烧室或膨胀室2通过输送管7和减压及排气室4相连通,输送管7的开合均由一密封阀门8控制。进气及压缩室1由进气管13供给空气,进气管13的口由阀门14控制,且其上游安装着一除污活性炭过滤器24。
进气及压缩室1是一活塞式压气机组件,其中,在气缸10内滑移的活塞9由一牵引杆11和一曲柄12操控。减压及排气室4控制着一传统活塞式马达,其活塞15在气缸16内滑动,并通过牵引杆17驱动曲柄18旋转。膨胀空气通过排气管19排出,后者的开口由阀门20控制。进气及压缩室1的曲柄12的旋转受其与减压及排气室4的马达曲柄18间的机械连接21的操纵。压缩机25的进气管26是位于发动机与发动机过滤系统24之间的发动机进气管13上的一分支。当其旋转时,压缩空气通过排气管27充入安装在机动车上的高压压缩空气备用筒23。压缩机25通过一离合器29由一电动机28驱动,当启动离合器29时,可向备用筒充气。
压缩机还同样通过一离合器31和机动车传动系统30相连,离合器31在减速和制动时才启动(啮合),用作马达制动器,以使车辆减速,并使高温高压空气通过分支管27A充注再加速筒32,再加速筒最好有一隔热罩32A。安装在压缩机排气管27内的阀门33可封闭管27,使压缩空气通过分支管27A流向再加速筒,当再加速筒内完全充满气体时,如需要,该阀门33可封闭分支管27A,通过管27使气流流向主筒23,这样来使自载压缩机在制动和/或减速时仍旧运行。当再加速时,阀门33同样封闭管27A,使压缩空气流以筒35中的气压集中流向再加速喷嘴22A,同时使自载压缩机25断开,以避免在压缩机25和/或外部主筒23方向的压力损失。
机动车减速、制动和/或停车后,如需加速重新起动,即开启空气喷嘴22A,以将高温高压压缩空气喷射入燃烧室或膨胀室。这种气体和压缩室1内的压缩空气混合后,进入发动机燃烧室或膨胀室,大幅度增加室内压力,以获得强大功率来重新启动机动车。
图2示出了一种装置的示意图,这种装置带有根据本发明一种改型的可变容量式再加速储气筒装置,以及由主筒23内的压缩空气压力控制的压力调节系统。再加速筒35外最好有一隔热层35A,再加速筒由一小直径中空气缸组成,小直径中空气缸同心地延伸出一个更大直径的中空气缸37,二级活塞38以密封方式在其中滑移。小直径气缸即用作再加速筒35,它与进气管27A和排气管39相连,进气管27A内的高温高压压缩空气来自机动车减速和/或制动时被起动的压缩机25,排气管39内的压缩空气流向再加速喷嘴22A。大直径气缸37有一中等气压压缩空气进气管40,其压缩空气来自气压非常高的主筒23,并在经过缓冲容器41时膨胀至所需的、并足以在发动机正常运转时供给喷嘴22补充空气的中等压力。
气缸直径的比率必须使得较大直径气缸37内的膨胀终止压力能维持小气缸内的选来向喷嘴22A供给再加速补充空气的压力。比如,膨胀终止压力为40巴的100毫米直径的大气缸可维持作为再加速筒的60毫米直径的小气缸中约110巴的压力。活塞38移动时,为避免压力差过大,缓冲容器41容积相对较大。
发动机以压缩空气方式运转时,发动机由补充空气喷嘴22供给比如40巴压力的室温补充空气。
减速时、即司机放松加速器时或制动时,离合器31启动,从而自载空气压缩机起动,以确保减速或制动。此时换向阀门33的位置可使压缩机25内的高温高压压缩空气(例如150巴)流向再加速筒35。受到管27A内的压缩空气作用,二级活塞38移动,并由于大气缸37内的压力施加在活塞大直径那面上的力的作用,可使再加速筒35内的压力几乎恒定(例如100巴)。当活塞38走完其全部行程,阀门33重新启动,以使压缩空气流向主筒23。因此,通过使压缩空气流流向外部主筒而使压缩机25运转,也可实现减速和/或制动。一旦司机想再加速,再加速喷嘴22A就被启动,以供应给燃烧室2热的高压压缩空气,这样,就能在燃烧室内获得相当高的压力和很大的再加速力矩。在此工作阶段,阀门33封闭住分支管27A,以使压缩空气流在再加速筒35内的压力下集中流向再加速喷嘴22A,同时压缩机25断开,以避免在压缩机25和外部主筒23方向的压力损失。本领域技术人员完全能够根据制动与加速阶段,而将喷射与阀门启动的控制结合起来。
自载高压压缩机的类型、操纵离合器的类型、再加速气筒的隔热类型、换向阀门33的类型、压力维持的方式等、以及机动车中部件的不同布置,都可加以变化而不超出本发明的范围。
Claims (10)
1.配有无污染或降低污染发动机的机动车的再加速方法,所述发动机包括一独立燃烧室(2),在以空气方式运转时,来自进气及压缩室(1)的不含燃料的压缩空气进入独立燃烧室后不久,一定量的无污染补充压缩气体从一外部筒(23)送入燃烧室,在所述外部筒内,气体大致在室温下以高压储存在里面;该机动车还配有一在减速和制动时起动的自载高压压缩机(25),以向外部主筒(23)充气,其特征在于,压缩机(25)高压压缩的空气分流并被储存起来,以维持其高温高压,一旦机动车需再启动或再加速,所述压缩空气即喷射入发动机燃烧室或膨胀室(2)内使用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,压缩空气的储存以固定容量的方式实现。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,压缩空气的储存以可变容量的方式实现,以便从注入空气开始就获得并维持住约与压缩机提供的压力和温度相近的、几乎恒定的空气压力和温度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,对储存空气容量的增加和改变的控制使用外部主筒(23)内的压缩空气。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征在于,再加速筒是隔热的或用隔热材料制成,以保持高温高压。
6.实施权利要求1至5之一所述方法的装置,其特征在于,来自压缩机(25)的压缩空气的储存在一再加速筒(32,35)内实现,所述再加速筒位于自载压缩机排气管(27)的分支管上,在燃烧室或膨胀室(2)的喷嘴(22A)和所述排气管之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,再加速筒是一固定容量筒(32)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,再加速筒是容量可变的(35)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,再加速筒由小直径的中空气缸(35)组成,所述小直径中空气缸同心地延伸出一个更大直径的中空气缸(37),二级活塞(38)在其中滑移,所述小直径气缸(35)一方面通过分支管(27A)与自载高压压缩机(25)的压缩空气进气管(27)相连,另一方面和一再加速喷嘴(22A)相连;大直径气缸(37)有一中等气压压缩空气进气管(40),其压缩空气来自气压非常高的主筒(23),并在经过缓冲容器(41)时膨胀,而气缸的直径比率必须使得大直径气缸(37)内的中等压力可维持作为再加速筒的小气缸(35)内的选择用来向空气喷嘴(22A)供应再加速补充空气的高气压。
10.根据权利要求6至9之一所述的装置,其特征在于,压缩机的排气管(27)与通往再加速筒的分支管(27A)装有一阀门(33),所述阀门一方面可使机动车在减速和/或制动时,在外部主筒(23)方向上封闭压缩机(25)排气管(27),使来自压缩机(25)的空气流流入分支管(27A),另一方面,可封闭分支管(27A),以便或者是为了使流向外部主筒(23)的压缩空气流畅通无阻;或者是当再加速筒(35)内空气已注满时,仍可使用自载压缩机(25)减速和制动;或者是当再加速时,使压缩空气流在再加速筒(35)的压力下集中流向再加速喷嘴(22A),同时压缩机(25)断开,以避免朝向压缩机(25)和/或外部主筒(23)的压力损失。
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FR96/12168 | 1996-10-07 | ||
FR9612168A FR2754309B1 (fr) | 1996-10-07 | 1996-10-07 | Procede et dispositif de reacceleration pour vehicule equipe de compresseurs d'alimentation en air comprime haute pression pour moteur depollue ou depolluant |
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US (1) | US6363723B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0929424A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2001501707A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20000048932A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1088434C (zh) |
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BR (1) | BR9712495A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2267259A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ115099A3 (zh) |
EA (1) | EA000834B1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2754309B1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU220649B1 (zh) |
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- 1997-10-06 EA EA199900347A patent/EA000834B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1997-10-06 CZ CZ991150A patent/CZ115099A3/cs unknown
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Also Published As
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CZ115099A3 (cs) | 1999-08-11 |
US6363723B1 (en) | 2002-04-02 |
AU4560497A (en) | 1998-05-05 |
CA2267259A1 (fr) | 1998-04-16 |
CN1235579A (zh) | 1999-11-17 |
FR2754309B1 (fr) | 1998-11-20 |
AP1050A (en) | 2002-03-18 |
HUP9904635A2 (hu) | 2000-05-28 |
WO1998015440A1 (fr) | 1998-04-16 |
AP9901501A0 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
AU738146B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 |
EA199900347A1 (ru) | 1999-12-29 |
HUP9904635A3 (en) | 2000-12-28 |
OA11110A (fr) | 2003-04-04 |
BR9712495A (pt) | 1999-10-19 |
JP2001501707A (ja) | 2001-02-06 |
FR2754309A1 (fr) | 1998-04-10 |
KR20000048932A (ko) | 2000-07-25 |
EP0929424A1 (fr) | 1999-07-21 |
PL333099A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 |
HU220649B1 (hu) | 2002-03-28 |
EA000834B1 (ru) | 2000-04-24 |
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