CN108828117B - 一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法 - Google Patents
一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于真菌毒素提取技术领域,特别涉及一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法,干燥粉碎,水超声提取后加入体积浓度为1.5%‑3%甲酸的乙腈混合液和盐析剂,混匀后超声提取,然后800r/min条件下离心过滤;再加入浓缩剂振摇后2000‑2500r/min条件下离心3‑8min;加入氧化铝离心后氮气吹干,再乙腈水溶液溶解,过0.25μm滤膜。本发明对粉碎后的中药材经两次超声提取,依次经粗提、浓缩富集、除杂纯化步骤使提取的中药中的真菌毒素溶液纯度高,液质联用检测结果质量高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于真菌毒素提取技术领域,特别涉及一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法。
背景技术
我国是中药的发源地,运用中药防病治病历史悠久,有丰富的临床经验,但由于我国对中药生产过程缺乏监管力度,使中药在国际上的竞争力远远低于人们预期。近年来,随着中药材在国际市场上的持续升温,其安全性越来越引起人们的关注。中药中存在的有害物质主要有重金属、真菌毒素、农药残留,它们主要来自于药用植物在生长过程中接触被污染的土壤、水、大气等自然环境,也可能是由于不当炮制、加工、运输、贮藏等所造成,其中,真菌毒素的问题日益突出。真菌毒素残留作为中药材微量外源性有毒有害物质,一般不表现出急性毒性,但通常有较强的蓄积性,致癌、致畸、致突变作用明显,严重影响中药材的安全性。
液质联用(HLPC-MS),又称液相色谱-质谱联用技术,它以液相色谱作为分离系统,质谱为检测系统,样品在质谱部分和流动相分离,被离子化后,经质谱的质量分析器将离子碎片按质量数分开,经检测器得到质谱图。液质联用体现了色谱和质谱优势的互补,将色谱对复杂样品的高分离能力,与MS具有高选择性、高灵敏度及能够提供相对分子质量与结构信息的优点结合起来,用以同时鉴定多种物质及结构。
液质联用检测方法是现有对药材、食物中真菌毒素的常用检测方法,检测前都需对待检测样品进行真菌毒素的提取过程,现有关于中药材真菌毒素提取的文献不多,且提取过程偏粗简,存在液质联用检测结果差异较大的情况。
发明内容
本发明对粉碎后的中药材经两次超声提取,依次经粗提、浓缩富集、除杂纯化步骤使提取的中药中的真菌毒素溶液纯度高,液质联用检测结果质量高。
本发明提供了一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,称取固体样品中药,60-70℃下干燥1-1.5h,粉碎并过300目筛,得中药粉末;
S2,在S1药粉末中加入相当于S1中样品质量3-5倍的水,浸泡20-30min后第一次超声提取,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量2-4倍体积浓度为1.5%-3%甲酸溶液,甲酸溶液中溶剂是乙腈,涡旋混匀,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量0.5%-1%的盐析剂,第二次超声提取,然后800r/min条件下离心过滤,保留上清液,得粗提真菌毒素溶液;
S3,在S2真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量4%-9%的浓缩剂,振摇1-3min,2000-2500r/min条件下离心3-8min,保留上清液得浓缩真菌毒素溶液;
S4,在S3浓缩真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量1%-5%的氧化铝,振摇,3500-4000r/min条件下离心2min,取上清液然后于40-55℃下氮气吹干,再用体积浓度为5%-8%的乙腈水溶液溶解,过0.25μm滤膜后,滤液为适用于液质联用检测的真菌毒素溶液。
优选的,S2中第一次超声提取条件为400W、40-50℃,时间为20-25min。
优选的,S2中第二次超声提取条件为400W、55-60℃,时间为10-15min。
优选的,S2中盐析剂为氯化钠、柠檬酸三钠二水结晶盐和柠檬酸氢二钠半水结晶盐按照质量比2:3:1混合成的混合物。
优选的,S3中浓缩剂为聚山梨酯20、十二烷基硫酸钠、碳酸钠、乙酸钾按照质量比1:3:2:3混合成的混合物。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
本发明对粉碎后的中药材经两次超声提取,依次经粗提、浓缩剂浓缩富集、氧化铝除杂纯化、氮气吹干后乙腈水溶液溶解并过滤膜等步骤,使提取的中药中的真菌毒素溶液纯度高,液质联用检测结果质量高,从提取液中能检测出中药中常见的十几种真菌毒素,可推广应用于中药质量标准监控。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的几个具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制,实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,实施例中所用的材料,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,称取固体样品中药,60℃下干燥1h,粉碎并过300目筛,得中药粉末;
S2,在S1药粉末中加入相当于S1中样品质量3倍的水,浸泡20min后,在40℃条件下第一次超声提取400W、20min,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量2倍体积浓度为1.5%甲酸溶液,甲酸溶液中溶剂是乙腈,涡旋混匀,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量0.5%的盐析剂,在55℃条件下第二次超声提取400W、10min,然后800r/min条件下离心过滤,保留上清液,得粗提真菌毒素溶液;
其中,盐析剂为氯化钠、柠檬酸三钠二水结晶盐和柠檬酸氢二钠半水结晶盐按照质量比2:3:1混合成的混合物;
S3,在S2真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量4%的浓缩剂,剧烈振摇1-3min,2000r/min条件下离心3min,保留上清液得浓缩真菌毒素溶液;
其中,浓缩剂为聚山梨酯20、十二烷基硫酸钠、碳酸钠、乙酸钾按照质量比1:3:2:3混合成的混合物;
S4,在S3浓缩真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量1%的氧化铝,剧烈振摇,3500r/min条件下离心2min,取上清液然后于40℃下氮气吹干,再用体积浓度为5%的乙腈水溶液溶解,过0.25μm滤膜后,滤液为适用于液质联用检测的真菌毒素溶液。
实施例2
一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,称取固体样品中药,70℃下干燥1.5h,粉碎并过300目筛,得中药粉末;
S2,在S1药粉末中加入相当于S1中样品质量5倍的水,浸泡30min后,在50℃条件下第一次超声提取400W、25min,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量4倍体积浓度为3%甲酸溶液,甲酸溶液中溶剂是乙腈,涡旋混匀,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量1%的盐析剂,在60℃条件下第二次超声提取400W、15min,然后800r/min条件下离心过滤,保留上清液,得粗提真菌毒素溶液;
其中,盐析剂为氯化钠、柠檬酸三钠二水结晶盐和柠檬酸氢二钠半水结晶盐按照质量比2:3:1混合成的混合物;
S3,在S2真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量4%-9%的浓缩剂,剧烈振摇1-3min,2500r/min条件下离心8min,保留上清液得浓缩真菌毒素溶液;
其中,浓缩剂为聚山梨酯20、十二烷基硫酸钠、碳酸钠、乙酸钾按照质量比1:3:2:3混合成的混合物;
S4,在S3浓缩真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量5%的氧化铝,剧烈振摇,4000r/min条件下离心2min,取上清液然后于55℃下氮气吹干,再用体积浓度为8%的乙腈水溶液溶解,过0.25μm滤膜后,滤液为适用于液质联用检测的真菌毒素溶液。
实施例3
一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法,包括以下步骤:
S1,称取固体样品中药,65℃下干燥1.3h,粉碎并过300目筛,得中药粉末;
S2,在S1药粉末中加入相当于S1中样品质量4倍的水,浸泡25min后,在45℃条件下第一次超声提取400W、23min,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量3倍体积浓度为2%甲酸溶液,甲酸溶液中溶剂是乙腈,涡旋混匀,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量0.8%的盐析剂,在58℃条件下第二次超声提取400W、12min,然后800r/min条件下离心过滤,保留上清液,得粗提真菌毒素溶液;
其中,盐析剂为氯化钠、柠檬酸三钠二水结晶盐和柠檬酸氢二钠半水结晶盐按照质量比2:3:1混合成的混合物;
S3,在S2真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量6%的浓缩剂,剧烈振摇1-3min,2200r/min条件下离心4min,保留上清液得浓缩真菌毒素溶液;
其中,浓缩剂为聚山梨酯20、十二烷基硫酸钠、碳酸钠、乙酸钾按照质量比1:3:2:3混合成的混合物;
S4,在S3浓缩真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量3%的氧化铝,剧烈振摇,3700r/min条件下离心2min,取上清液然后于50℃下氮气吹干,再用体积浓度为6%的乙腈水溶液溶解,过0.25μm滤膜后,滤液为适用于液质联用检测的真菌毒素溶液。
为验证本发明提取的真菌毒素溶液对液质联用检测方法的适用性,分别将实施例1-3制备的真菌毒素溶液应用液质联用方法进行检测,检测过程如下:
色谱条件:Waters BEH-C18色谱柱(100×2.10mm,1.7μm);流动相为甲醇(B)-5mmol/L醋酸铵(A),梯度洗脱(此处百分比为有机相B相):0-6min,25%;6-8min,70%-95%;8-8.5min,95%-100%;8.5-9.5min,100%;9.5-9.6,100%-25%;9.6-12min,25%。流速:0.3mL·min-1;柱温40℃;进样量1μL。
质谱条件:质谱检测采用正负两种离子模式,进行多反应监控模式(MRM)检测。
结果显示实施例1-3制备的真菌毒素溶液均能很好地应用液质联用检测方法检测出中药中黄曲霉素、T-2毒素、霉酚酸MPA等15种真菌毒素。其中实施例3的检测质谱参数如表1:
表1实施例3中真菌毒素溶液的液质联用检测结果
需要说明的是,本发明权利要求书中采用的步骤方法与上述实施例相同,为了防止赘述,本发明的描述了优选的实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (1)
1.一种适用于液质联用检测的中药中真菌毒素提取方法,其特征在于,所述真菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素B1、黄曲霉毒素B2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素B1内标、赭曲霉毒素A、赭曲霉毒素A内标、T-2毒素、T-2毒素内标、霉酚酸MPA、玉米赤霉烯醇ZAN、玉米赤霉烯酮ZEN、玉米赤霉烯酮内标、呕吐毒素DON和呕吐毒素内标;
所述提取方法包括以下步骤:
S1,称取固体样品中药,65℃下干燥1.3h,粉碎并过300目筛,得中药粉末;
S2,在S1药粉末中加入相当于S1中样品质量4倍的水,浸泡25min后第一次超声提取,第一次超声提取条件为400W、23℃,时间为23min,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量3倍体积浓度为2%甲酸溶液,甲酸溶液中溶剂是乙腈,涡旋混匀,然后加入相当于S1中样品质量0.8%的盐析剂,第二次超声提取,第二次超声提取条件为400W、58℃,时间为12min,然后800r/min条件下离心过滤,保留上清液,得粗提真菌毒素溶液;盐析剂为氯化钠、柠檬酸三钠二水结晶盐和柠檬酸氢二钠半水结晶盐按照质量比2:3:1混合成的混合物;
S3,在S2的粗真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量4%-9%的浓缩剂,振摇1-3min,2000-2500r/min条件下离心4min,保留上清液得浓缩真菌毒素溶液;浓缩剂为聚山梨酯20、十二烷基硫酸钠、碳酸钠、乙酸钾按照质量比1:3:2:3混合成的混合物;
S4,在S3浓缩真菌毒素溶液中加入相当于S1中样品质量3%的氧化铝,振摇,3700r/min条件下离心2min,取上清液然后于50℃下氮气吹干,再用体积浓度为6%的乙腈水溶液溶解,过0.25μm滤膜后,滤液为适用于液质联用检测的真菌毒素溶液;
检测过程如下:
色谱条件:Waters BEH-C18色谱柱,100×2 .10mm,1 .7μm ;流动相为甲醇B -5mmol/L醋酸铵A ,梯度洗脱,此处百分比为有机相B相:0-6min,25%;6-8min,70%-95%;8-8.5min,95%-100%;8 .5-9 .5min,100%;9 .5-9 .6 min,100%-25%;9 .6-12min,25%,流速:0 .3mL·min-1;柱温40℃;进样量1μL;
质谱条件:质谱检测采用正负两种离子模式,进行多反应监控模式检测。
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