CN108828029B - Moisture content measuring device based on plug-in capacitive sensor - Google Patents
Moisture content measuring device based on plug-in capacitive sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108828029B CN108828029B CN201810923285.4A CN201810923285A CN108828029B CN 108828029 B CN108828029 B CN 108828029B CN 201810923285 A CN201810923285 A CN 201810923285A CN 108828029 B CN108828029 B CN 108828029B
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- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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Abstract
The invention relates to a moisture content measuring device based on an insertion type capacitance sensor. The capacitance sensor comprises an excitation measuring electrode which is used as an excitation electrode and a measuring electrode at the same time and two protective electrodes which are fixed above and below the excitation measuring electrode; the signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier, wherein the negative input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with an excitation measuring electrode in the capacitance sensor through a coaxial cable signal line, and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with the alternating current signal generator and is simultaneously connected with two protective electrodes in the capacitance sensor, a shielding layer of the coaxial cable and the negative input end of the differential amplifier; a standard resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel and then connected with the negative input end and the output end of the front-end amplifier; the output of the front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input of the differential amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oilfield exploitation, in particular to a water content measuring device based on an insertion type capacitance sensor.
Background
The demand of the development of the current society for energy is continuously increased, and petroleum has a very important position in national economy and national strategy as the first energy. However, petroleum is a non-renewable energy source, so it is of great significance to minimize the mining loss and fully utilize resources in the mining process. In oil engineering, in order to improve the extraction efficiency of crude oil, a technique of injecting water and polymer at high pressure is often used in secondary extraction of an oil well. However, the process causes the produced crude oil to contain water, so that oil-water two-phase flow is ubiquitous in the oil well production and the conveying process after the production. The processes of crude oil extraction, dehydration, gathering, transportation, metering, smelting and the like are directly influenced by the water content of the crude oil. In the transmission pipeline, the accurate measurement of the water content of the crude oil plays an important role in the aspects of determining a water outlet or oil outlet layer position, estimating the yield, predicting the development life of an oil well, controlling the yield and quality of the oil field, detecting the state of the oil well, improving the quality of secondary oil recovery and the like. Therefore, the water content is an important detection parameter, the real-time online detection of the water content has an important meaning, and the real-time online detection of the water content is also a difficult problem of accurate online measurement of the oil field.
In the initial stage of oil exploitation, most oil wells are filled with oil-water two-phase flow with low water content. For this case, the water phase is a discrete phase, the oil phase is a continuous phase, and the capacitance method water content measurement technology is the first choice. A conventional capacitive sensor consists of a pair of plate electrodes, one of which acts as an excitation electrode and the other of which acts as a measurement electrode. Although the excitation field of the electrode is uniformly distributed, the problems of power line edge effect, electrode dead-front area, electrode spacing difficult determination and the like exist, and the electrode is suitable for square pipelines; most of the coaxial cylindrical capacitive sensors are installed in a cut-off mode, so that the installation is complex and the maintenance is difficult; the section multi-electrode (such as ECT imaging technology) can accurately measure the distribution condition of two-phase flow in the pipeline, but the section multi-electrode has complex structure, inconvenient installation and high cost. Therefore, for the oil-water two-phase flow with low water content, it is urgently needed to provide a sensor and a measuring device which have uniform excitation field, simple structure and convenient installation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an insertion type capacitance sensor device aiming at the problem of measuring the water content of low-water-content oil-water two-phase flow of an oil well, and aims to design a sensor form with a simple structure and uniform excitation field for measuring the water content of the low-water-content oil-water two-phase flow taking an oil phase as a continuous phase and provide a new measuring device. When the conductive medium in the pipeline is a discrete phase and the insulating medium is a continuous phase, the mixed medium in the pipeline is equivalent to a capacitor, and when the phase content of the mixed medium changes, the capacitor changes along with the change of the phase content, and finally the water content can be obtained through the functional relationship between the two. The technical scheme is as follows:
a water content measuring device based on an insertion type capacitance sensor is used for measuring the water content in a low water content oil-water two-phase flow pipeline taking oil as a continuous phase, and comprises the capacitance sensor, a signal processing unit, an effective value measuring unit and a calculating unit,
the capacitance sensor is fixed at the elbow joints of the vertical pipeline and the transverse pipeline and is inserted from top to bottom along the direction of the vertical pipeline, and comprises an excitation measuring electrode which is used as an excitation electrode and a measuring electrode at the same time and two protection electrodes which are fixed above and below the excitation measuring electrode;
the signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier, wherein the negative input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with an excitation measuring electrode in the capacitance sensor through a coaxial cable signal line, and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with the alternating current signal generator and is simultaneously connected with two protective electrodes in the capacitance sensor, a shielding layer of the coaxial cable and the negative input end of the differential amplifier; a standard resistor RfAnd a capacitor CfConnected in parallel to the negative input of the front-end amplifierAn end and an output end; the output of the front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input of the differential amplifier.
And the effective value measuring unit is used for converting the alternating current output sinusoidal voltage signal of the differential amplifier into a voltage effective value to obtain an output voltage which is in direct proportion to the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow in the measured pipeline.
And the calculating unit is used for calculating the water content by adopting a function relation model of the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow and the water content according to the obtained output voltage in direct proportion to the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow in the detected pipeline.
In the plug-in structure, the excitation measuring electrode of the invention shares the same electrode of the sensor, and the metal pipeline is used as a reference ground, so that the excitation measuring electrode is more convenient to install than a pipe section structure; the invention adopts a coaxial cable signal wire to transmit a measuring signal, and a shielding layer of the coaxial cable is connected with an alternating current signal generator to eliminate the influence of distributed capacitance in a measuring circuit on the measuring signal; in the invention, the signal processing unit and the plug-in sensor are mutually matched, 1) the influence of cable distribution parameters is reduced; 2) the uniformity of the electric field at the excitation measuring electrode is ensured; 3) an output voltage proportional to the value of the capacitance being measured is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a measurement schematic;
FIG. 2 is a measurement equivalent circuit;
FIG. 3 is a sensor block diagram;
the labels in the above figures are:
1. excitation measuring electrode, 2, protective electrode, 3, coaxial cable, 4, shielding layer, 5, alternating current signal generator, 6, front end amplifier, 7, differential amplifier, 8, metal pipeline, 9, display instrument shell, 10 and flange
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention mainly comprises the design of a sensor, a signal processing unit, an effective value measuring unit and a calculating unit, and the specific design is as follows:
1. sensor design
As shown in fig. 1, an insertion-type capacitive sensor consists of an excitation measuring electrode in the middle and two guard electrodes above and below. Wherein the same electrode of the common sensor is excited and measured, and the metal pipeline connected with the ground is used as a reference ground. During installation, the sensor is inserted from top to bottom along the direction of the vertical pipeline, so that the electrode is positioned at the axis of the vertical pipeline. The excitation measuring electrode and the protection electrode of the sensor are respectively led to the signal processing unit, and the leads are led out from the center of the sensor by adopting a shielding cable.
2. The signal processing unit plays a role in converting capacitance signals of oil-water two-phase flow in the capacitance sensor into measurable electric signals and is a core part of the measurement system. The signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier. The signal processing unit converts the signal collected by the sensor into a voltage signal v through a front-end amplifiero1(t) obtaining a sinusoidal voltage v through a differential amplifiero2(t) and then output to an effective value measuring unit which extracts a voltage effective value containing therein capacitance information as an output voltage of the entire unit. The specific situation is as follows:
(1) firstly, the sensor and the signal processing unit are connected through a coaxial cable, namely, one end of a coaxial cable signal wire is connected with an excitation measuring electrode of the sensor, and the other end of the coaxial cable signal wire is connected with a negative input end of a front-end amplifier, so that a measuring signal is transmitted to the front-end amplifier through the coaxial cable signal wire;
(2) using an ac signal generator to provide an excitation voltage v to the sensori(t)＝Vimsin (ω t), in order to reduce the influence of the electrode edge effect at the excitation measuring electrode, the invention applies the output of the alternating signal generator to the guard electrode of the sensor and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier, according to the 'virtual short' principle, the excitation measuring electrode connected with the negative input end of the front-end amplifier has the same potential as the guard electrode, because the distortion of the electrode edge electric field occurs near the guard electrode, the influence of the electrode edge effect on the measurement capacitance of the excitation measuring electrode is avoided;
(3) in the connection mode in (2), the output of the alternating current signal generator is applied to the shielding layer of the coaxial cable connected with the excitation measuring electrode and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier, and the signal line and the shielding line of the coaxial cable are in equal potential according to the virtual short principle, so that the influence of the distributed capacitance of the cable on the measurement is reduced;
(4) a standard resistor RfAnd a capacitor CfConnected in parallel with the negative input end and the output end of the front-end amplifier, and the current flowing through the excitation measuring electrode and the metal pipeline and the capacitance C of the oil-water two-phase flowxIn direct proportion. The invention makes the oil-water two-phase flow equivalent to the capacitance CxThe equivalent measurement circuit is shown in FIG. 2, and its corresponding capacitive reactance is
Where ω is the excitation voltage angular frequency. The output voltage of the front-end amplifying circuit is
(5) At a voltage signal vo1In (t), in order to obtain a voltage signal proportional to the measured capacitance, the invention introduces a differential amplifier, and the output end of the front-end amplifier and the output end of the alternating current signal generator are respectively connected with the positive input end and the negative input end of the differential amplifier. The above voltage vo1(t) the signal is converted into a sinusoidal voltage signal by a differential amplifier
When j ω CfRfWhen > 1, the above formula can be approximated as
3. The AC output sinusoidal voltage v of the differential amplifier is measured by an effective value measuring unito2(t) conversion into a voltage virtual value Vo. The effective value is in direct proportion to the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow in the measured pipeline.
4. Computing unit
Obtaining output power proportional to the measured capacitance valueAfter pressing, is represented by the formula
Can obtain the capacitance value C of the oil-water two-phase flowxAnd finally, calculating the water content by adopting a function relation model of the capacitance value and the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow.
For the functional relationship model of the capacitance value and the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow, common models mainly comprise a simple series-parallel model, a Maxwell-Garnett model, a Bruggeman model, a Hanai model, an exponential model, a logarithmic model and the like. In addition, specific capacitance and water content can be obtained through experimental calibration, a specific relation between the capacitance and the water content is established, and then a functional relation model is obtained.
The design of the plug-in capacitive sensor provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and the sensor is applied to a pipeline with a smaller inner diameter and a bent pipe part. The plug-in type capacitance sensor is installed from top to bottom along the direction of the vertical pipeline, so that the electrode is positioned at the axis of the vertical pipeline. The same electrode of the common sensor is excited and measured, with the grounded metal pipe as a reference ground. The sensor consists of a middle excitation measuring electrode and an upper protective electrode and a lower protective electrode. The excitation measuring electrode and the protection electrode are respectively led to the signal processing unit, and the leads are led out from the center of the sensor by adopting a shielding cable. The sensor is connected to the pipeline by a flange mounted above the electrode.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the relative position between the excitation electrode and the guard electrode is fixed, an insulation interval of 1-2mm should be ensured between the excitation electrode and the guard electrode during processing. In order to make the electric field distribution in the vicinity of the measuring electrode more uniform, it is required in this embodiment that the pipe section where the measuring electrode is excited is free of bent pipe sections, i.e. it is completely ensured that the pipe section is vertical. In this embodiment, since the tube wall is made of conductive material and is grounded, it is necessary to prevent short circuit between the guard electrode and the tube wall, and therefore, the upper edge of the upper guard electrode is required to be 10-15mm lower than the intersection point of the insertion portion and the elbow.
After the excitation is started, the signal measured by the sensor is transmitted to a signal place through a coaxial cable signal wireAnd a processing unit. Voltage signals are obtained after the processing of a front-end amplifier and a differential amplifier
Inputting the signal into an effective value measuring unit, and processing the signal by an internal circuit to finally obtain an output voltage effective value which is in direct proportion to the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow in the measured pipeline
Obtaining the capacitance C of the oil-water two-phase flowxThen, the embodiment uses Maxwell-Garnett formula to deduce the specific corresponding functional relationship between the capacitance value and the water content, and finally obtains the corresponding water content value. The derivation process is as follows:
(1) as can be seen from the foregoing, the excitation voltage is vi(t) mixed phase capacitance is CxThe effective value of the measured voltage after being processed by the circuit is
(2) Adopting Maxwell-Garnett formula
The derivation shows:
wherein, CWIs a water phase capacitor, CoilIs the oil phase capacitance, CxThe water content of the oil-water two-phase flow;
(3) the direct proportion relation between the measured voltage and the capacitance in (1) can be deduced:
(4) the water content alpha of the oil-water two-phase flow can be calculated by the formulaW。
The invention has simple principle and structure, easy installation and wide application range, and is suitable for measuring the water content of the low-water-content oil-water two-phase flow.
Claims (1)
1. A water content measuring device based on an insertion type capacitance sensor is used for measuring the water content in a low water content oil-water two-phase flow pipeline taking oil as a continuous phase, and comprises the capacitance sensor, a signal processing unit, an effective value measuring unit and a calculating unit,
the capacitance sensor is fixed at the elbow joints of the vertical pipeline and the transverse pipeline and is inserted from top to bottom along the direction of the vertical pipeline, the capacitance sensor comprises an excitation measuring electrode which is used as an excitation electrode and a measuring electrode at the same time and two protective electrodes which are fixed above and below the excitation measuring electrode, and the grounding metal pipeline is used as a reference ground;
the signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier, wherein the negative input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with an excitation measuring electrode in the capacitance sensor through a coaxial cable signal line, and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with the alternating current signal generator and is simultaneously connected with two protective electrodes in the capacitance sensor, a shielding layer of the coaxial cable and the negative input end of the differential amplifier; a standard resistor RfAnd a capacitor CfAfter being connected in parallel, the front-end amplifier is connected with the negative input end and the output end of the front-end amplifier; the output end of the front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input end of the differential amplifier;
the effective value measuring unit is used for converting an alternating current output sinusoidal voltage signal of the differential amplifier into a voltage effective value to obtain an output voltage which is in direct proportion to the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow in the measured pipeline;
and the calculating unit is used for calculating the water content by adopting a function relation model of the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow and the water content according to the obtained output voltage in direct proportion to the capacitance value of the oil-water two-phase flow in the detected pipeline.
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| CN110108764A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-09 | 山东滨化东瑞化工有限责任公司 | The online monitoring system and method for water content in a kind of trichloro ethylene desorber reflux material |
| CN114812618B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-03-07 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Frequency point noise suppression system |
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