CN108828029A - Moisture percentage measuring apparatus based on plug-in capacitance sensor - Google Patents
Moisture percentage measuring apparatus based on plug-in capacitance sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108828029A CN108828029A CN201810923285.4A CN201810923285A CN108828029A CN 108828029 A CN108828029 A CN 108828029A CN 201810923285 A CN201810923285 A CN 201810923285A CN 108828029 A CN108828029 A CN 108828029A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/228—Circuits therefor
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of moisture percentage measuring apparatus based on plug-in capacitance sensor, including capacitance sensor, signal processing unit, effective value measurement unit and computing unit.Capacitance sensor includes two guard electrodes as excitation electrode and excitation measuring electrode and the side of being fixed thereon and lower section of measuring electrode simultaneously；Signal processing unit includes front-end amplifier, coaxial cable, AC signal generator and difference amplifier; the negative input end of front-end amplifier is connected by coaxial signal lines with the excitation measuring electrode in capacitance sensor; the positive input terminal of front-end amplifier is connected with AC signal generator, while two be connected in capacitance sensor guard electrode, the shielded layer of coaxial cable and the negative input end of difference amplifier；The negative input end and output end of front-end amplifier are connected to after one measuring resistance and capacitor are in parallel；The output end of front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input terminal of difference amplifier.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of oilfield exploitation, in particular to a kind of moisture content based on plug-in capacitance sensor
Measuring device.
Background technique
Demand of the development of today's society to the energy constantly increases, and petroleum is as ＂ first energy ＂, in national economy, country
There is highly important status in strategy.But petroleum is a kind of non-renewable energy, so subtracting as far as possible in recovery process
Few exploitation losses make full use of resource to have very great meaning.In petroleum works, in order to improve crude oil production effect
Rate, often using high pressure water injection, the technology of polymer injection in the secondary recovery of oil well.But this process makes the original produced
Contain water in oil, generally existing oil-water two-phase flow in the transmit process after leading to oil mining and exploitation.Crude oil production takes off
The processes such as water, collection are defeated, measure, smelt will receive directly affecting for crude oil water content.In conveyance conduit, crude oil water content
Precise measurement, for determining the yield and quality for developing service life, oil field of water outlet or oil entry, estimated output and prediction oil well
Control, oil well state-detection, raising secondary oil recovery quality etc. play an important role.Therefore, moisture content is one very heavy
The detection parameters wanted, real-time online detection moisture content have a very important significance, while being also the accurate on-line metering in oil field
Difficulties.
At oil exploitation initial stage, the oil-water two-phase flow of low-water-content is full of in most of oil well.In this case, water phase
For discrete phase, oil is mutually continuous phase, and capacitance method measurement of water ratio technology is primary selection.Traditional capacitance sensor is flat by a pair
Plate electrode composition, one of as excitation electrode, another is measuring electrode.Although this electrode exciting field is evenly distributed,
But there are power line edge effects and electrode positive area, electrode spacing to be difficult to the problems such as determining, is suitable for square pipe；Together
Axis cylindrical capacitive transducer is largely clean cut system installation, and installation is complicated, difficult in maintenance；(skill is imaged in such as ECT to section multi-electrode
Art) distribution situation of two phase flow in pipeline accurate can be measured, but its structure is complex, installation is inconvenient and at high cost.Cause
This needs the sensor and survey that proposition exciting field is uniform and structure is simple, is easily installed for the oil-water two-phase flow of low-water-content
Measure device.
Summary of the invention
For the low aqueous oil-water two-phase flow measurement of water ratio problem of oil well, the present invention proposes a kind of plug-in capacitance sensing
Device device, it is intended to go out structure simply with the oily measuring and design mutually for the low aqueous water two phase flow moisture content of continuous phase and motivating
The uniform forms of sensor in field provides new measuring device.When the conducting medium in pipeline is discrete phase, dielectric is continuous
Blending agent in pipeline is equivalent to a capacitor by Xiang Shi, and when the phase content of blending agent changes, capacitor becomes therewith
Change, finally moisture content can be obtained by functional relation between the two.Technical solution is as follows：
A kind of moisture percentage measuring apparatus based on plug-in capacitance sensor, for using oil as the low aqueous water of continuous phase
Measurement of water ratio in Two-phase Flow Pipeline Transport, including capacitance sensor, signal processing unit, effective value measurement unit and calculating are single
Member, which is characterized in that
Capacitance sensor is fixed at the union elbow of vertical duct and horizontal pipeline, along vertical pipeline direction on to
Lower insertion, capacitance sensor include simultaneously as excitation electrode and measuring electrode excitation measuring electrode and the side of being fixed thereon with
Two guard electrodes of lower section；
Signal processing unit includes front-end amplifier, coaxial cable, AC signal generator and difference amplifier, and front end is put
The negative input end of big device is connected by coaxial signal lines with the excitation measuring electrode in capacitance sensor, front-end amplifier
Positive input terminal be connected with AC signal generator, while two be connected in capacitance sensor guard electrode, coaxial cable
Shielded layer and difference amplifier negative input end；One measuring resistance RfWith capacitor CfFront-end amplifier is connected to after parallel connection
Negative input end and output end；The output end of front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input terminal of difference amplifier.
Effective value measurement unit converts voltage effective value for the exchange output sine voltage signal of difference amplifier, obtains
Obtain the output voltage directly proportional to the capacitance of the oil-water two-phase flow in tested pipeline.
Computing unit, according to the acquisition output voltage directly proportional to the capacitance of the oil-water two-phase flow in tested pipeline,
Using the functional relationship model of oil-water two-phase flow capacitance and moisture content, moisture content is calculated.
In being based on plug in construction, the same electrode of excitation measuring electrode share sensor of the invention, metal tube
Road is used as with reference to ground, installation more more convenient than pipeline section type structure；The present invention measures the biography of signal using coaxial signal lines
Defeated, the shielded layer of the coaxial cable connects AC signal generator, shadow of the distribution capacity to measuring signal in elimination measuring circuit
It rings；In the present invention, signal processing unit and plug in sensor cooperate, 1) reduce the influence of cable distribution parameter；2)
Ensure that excitation measuring electrode at electric field it is uniform；3) output voltage directly proportional to measured capacitance values is obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is measuring principle figure；
Fig. 2 is measurement equivalent circuit；
Fig. 3 is sensor structure figure；
Label in above-mentioned figure is：
1, measuring electrode, 2, guard electrode, 3, coaxial cable, 4, shielded layer, 5, AC signal generator, 6, front end are motivated
Amplifier, 7, difference amplifier, 8, metallic conduit, 9, display instrument shell, 10, flange
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention mainly comprises setting for sensor design, signal processing unit, effective value measurement unit and computing unit
Meter, specific design are as follows：
1. sensor design
As shown in Figure 1, plug-in capacitance sensor is by intermediate excitation measuring electrode and two upper and lower guard electrode groups
At.Wherein, the same electrode for motivating and measuring share sensor, using even metallic conduit as with reference to ground.When installation, sensing
Device is inserted into from up to down along vertical pipeline direction, and electrode is made to be located at vertical pipeline axle center.The excitation measuring electrode of sensor and
Guard electrode distinguishes lead to signal processing unit, and lead uses shielded cable, drawn by center sensor.
2. signal processing unit, which is played, converts measurable electricity for the capacitance signal of oil-water two-phase flow in capacitance sensor
The effect of signal is the core of measuring system.The composition of signal processing unit includes front-end amplifier, coaxial cable, friendship
Flow signal generator and difference amplifier.Signal processing unit converts the collected signal of sensor by front-end amplifier
For voltage signal vo1(t), sinusoidal voltage v is obtained using difference amplifiero2(t), it is then output to effective value measurement unit,
The latter extracts wherein output voltage of the voltage effective value comprising capacitance information as entire unit.Concrete condition is as follows：
(1) sensor and signal processing unit are connected by coaxial cable first, that is, by coaxial signal lines
One end connection sensor excitation measuring electrode, the other end connects the negative input end of front-end amplifier, makes measuring signal through same
Shaft cable signal wire is transmitted on front-end amplifier；
(2) AC signal generator is used to provide driving voltage v for sensori(t)=VimSin (ω t), in order to reduce
The influence of the electrode edge effect at measuring electrode is motivated, the output of AC signal generator is applied to sensor by the present invention
The positive input terminal of guard electrode and front-end amplifier, according to " empty short " principle, the excitation of connection front-end amplifier negative input end is surveyed
Amount electrode is identical as the potential of guard electrode, since the distortion of electrode edge electric field occurs near guard electrode, to avoid
The influence of electrode edge effect to excitation measuring electrode measurement capacitor；
(3) under the connection type in (2), the output of AC signal generator is applied to connection excitation measurement by the present invention
The shielded layer of electrode coaxial cable and the positive input terminal of front-end amplifier, according to " empty short " principle, the signal wire of coaxial cable with
Shielding line equipotentiality, to reduce influence of the cable distributed capacitance to measurement；
(4) measuring resistance RfWith capacitor CfIt is connected to the negative input end and output end of front-end amplifier after parallel connection, flows through
Motivate the electric current of measuring electrode and metallic conduit and the capacitance C of oil-water two-phase flowxIt is proportional.The present invention is by water-oil phase
Stream is equivalent to capacitor Cx, it is equivalent after measuring circuit as shown in Fig. 2, its correspond to capacitive reactance beWherein, ω is excitation
Voltage angular frequency.It is through frontend amplifying circuit output voltage
(5) in voltage signal vo1(t) in, to obtain the voltage signal directly proportional to measured capacitance, which introduces difference
The output end of the output end of front-end amplifier and AC signal generator is connected to the just defeated of difference amplifier by amplifier
Enter end and negative input end.Above-mentioned voltage vo1(t) signal is converted to sine voltage signal through difference amplifierAs j ω CfRfWhen > > 1, above formula can be approximately
3. the exchange of difference amplifier is exported sinusoidal voltage v through effective value measurement unito2(t) it is effective to be converted into voltage
Value Vo.The virtual value is directly proportional to the capacitance of the oil-water two-phase flow in tested pipeline.
4. computing unit
After obtaining the output voltage directly proportional to measured capacitance values, by formulaWater-oil phase can be obtained
The capacitance C of streamx, finally, moisture content can be calculated using the functional relationship model of oil-water two-phase flow capacitance and moisture content.
For the functional relationship model of above-mentioned oil-water two-phase flow capacitance and moisture content, common model mainly includes simply going here and there
Parallel model, Maxwell-Garnett model, Bruggeman model, Hanai model, exponential model and logarithmic model etc..
Further, it is also possible to obtain specific capacitance and moisture content by experimental calibration, physical relationship between the two is established, and then obtain
Functional relationship model out.
The design of plug-in capacitance sensor provided in this embodiment is as shown in figure 3, this sensor application is smaller in internal diameter
And the pipeline with bent tube section.Plug-in capacitance sensor is installed from up to down along vertical pipeline direction, makes electrode position
In vertical pipeline axle center.The same electrode of excitation and measurement share sensor, using even metallic conduit as with reference to ground.Sensing
Device is made of intermediate excitation measuring electrode and two upper and lower guard electrodes.Measuring electrode and guard electrode is motivated to distinguish lead
To signal processing unit, lead uses shielded cable, is drawn by center sensor.Sensor passes through the method that is installed on above electrode
Orchid is attached with pipeline.
In the present embodiment, in order to guarantee that the relative position between electrode and guard electrode is motivated to fix, when processing, be should ensure that
There are the insulation gaps of 1-2mm between excitation electrode and guard electrode.In order to make the field distribution near measuring electrode more
Uniformly, it requires duct section locating for excitation measuring electrode without bending tube section in the present embodiment, that is, it is vertical that pipeline section herein is completely secured.
By in this present embodiment, tube wall is conductive material, and carry out ground connection operation, it is therefore desirable to prevent short between guard electrode and tube wall
Road, therefore it is required that the top edge of upside guard electrode is lower than insertion portion and bend pipe interface point 10-15mm.
After starting excitation, the signal of sensor measurement is transmitted to signal processing unit by coaxial signal lines.Through
The processing of front-end amplifier, difference amplifier is crossed, voltage signal is obtainedThis signal is input to effectively
Be worth measuring unit, handled through internal circuit, it is final obtain it is directly proportional to the capacitance of the oil-water two-phase flow in tested pipeline defeated
Voltage effective value out
Obtain the capacitance C of oil-water two-phase flowxAfterwards, the present embodiment derives electricity using Maxwell-Garnett formula
Specific respective function relationship between capacitance and moisture content, can finally obtain corresponding water cut value.Derivation process is as follows：
(1) from the foregoing it will be appreciated that driving voltage is vi(t), mixed phase capacitor is Cx, the measurement voltage after processing of circuit has
Valid value is
(2) Maxwell-Garnett formula is used
It is derived from：
Wherein, CWFor water phase capacitor, CoilFor oily phase capacitor, CxFor the moisture content of oil-water two-phase flow；
(3) it can be derived by the proportional relation in (1) between measurement voltage and capacitor：
(4) thus formula can calculate the moisture content α of oil-water two-phase flowW。
The principle of the invention and structure are simple, are easily installed, have a wide range of application, suitable for containing for low aqueous oil-water two-phase flow
The measurement of water rate.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of moisture percentage measuring apparatus based on plug-in capacitance sensor, for using oil as the low aqueous water two of continuous phase
Measurement of water ratio in phase flow tube road, including capacitance sensor, signal processing unit, effective value measurement unit and computing unit.
It is characterized in that,
Capacitance sensor is fixed at the union elbow of vertical duct and horizontal pipeline, is inserted from up to down along vertical pipeline direction
Enter, capacitance sensor includes simultaneously as the excitation measuring electrode of excitation electrode and measuring electrode and the side of being fixed thereon and lower section
Two guard electrodes；
Signal processing unit includes front-end amplifier, coaxial cable, AC signal generator and difference amplifier, front-end amplifier
Negative input end be connected by coaxial signal lines with the excitation measuring electrode in capacitance sensor, front-end amplifier is just
Input terminal is connected with AC signal generator, while the screen of two be connected in capacitance sensor guard electrode, coaxial cable
Cover the negative input end of layer and difference amplifier；One measuring resistance RfWith capacitor CfThe negative of front-end amplifier is connected to after parallel connection
Input terminal and output end；The output end of front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input terminal of difference amplifier；
The exchange of difference amplifier output sine voltage signal is converted voltage effective value by effective value measurement unit, obtain with
The directly proportional output voltage of the capacitance of oil-water two-phase flow in tested pipeline；
Computing unit, according to the acquisition output voltage directly proportional to the capacitance of the oil-water two-phase flow in tested pipeline, use
The functional relationship model of oil-water two-phase flow capacitance and moisture content calculates moisture content.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810923285.4A CN108828029B (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2018-08-14 | Moisture content measuring device based on plug-in capacitive sensor |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810923285.4A CN108828029B (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2018-08-14 | Moisture content measuring device based on plug-in capacitive sensor |
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| CN108828029A true CN108828029A (en) | 2018-11-16 |
| CN108828029B CN108828029B (en) | 2020-10-23 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110108764A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-08-09 | 山东滨化东瑞化工有限责任公司 | The online monitoring system and method for water content in a kind of trichloro ethylene desorber reflux material |
| CN114812618A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-07-29 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Frequency point noise suppression system |
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