CN109187649B - Water content and mineralization measuring device based on plug-in electrical impedance sensor - Google Patents
Water content and mineralization measuring device based on plug-in electrical impedance sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109187649B CN109187649B CN201810923283.5A CN201810923283A CN109187649B CN 109187649 B CN109187649 B CN 109187649B CN 201810923283 A CN201810923283 A CN 201810923283A CN 109187649 B CN109187649 B CN 109187649B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/028—Circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
Abstract
The invention relates to a water content and mineralization measuring circuit based on an insertion type electrical impedance sensor, which is used for measuring the water content and the mineralization in an oil-water two-phase flow pipeline and comprises the electrical impedance sensor, a signal processing unit, a demodulation unit and a calculation unit. The electrical impedance sensor comprises an excitation measuring electrode and two protective electrodes, wherein the excitation measuring electrode is used as an excitation electrode and a measuring electrode simultaneously, and the two protective electrodes are fixed above and below the excitation measuring electrode; the signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier, wherein the negative input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with an excitation measuring electrode in the electrical impedance sensor through a coaxial cable signal line, and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with the alternating current signal generator and is simultaneously connected with two protective electrodes in the electrical impedance sensor, a shielding layer of the coaxial cable and the negative input end of the differential amplifier; a standard resistor is connected with the negative input end and the output end of the front-end amplifier; the output of the front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input of the differential amplifier.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oilfield exploitation, in particular to a device for measuring water content and mineralization degree based on an insertion type electrical impedance sensor.
Background
The demand of the development of the current society for energy is continuously increased, and petroleum has a very important position in national economy and national strategy as the first energy. However, petroleum is a non-renewable energy source, so it is of great significance to minimize the mining loss and fully utilize resources in the mining process. In oil engineering, in order to improve the extraction efficiency of crude oil, a technique of injecting water and polymer at high pressure is often used in secondary extraction of an oil well. However, the process causes the produced crude oil to contain water, so that oil-water two-phase flow is ubiquitous in the oil well production and the conveying process after the production. The processes of crude oil extraction, dehydration, gathering, transportation, metering, smelting and the like are directly influenced by the water content of the crude oil. Meanwhile, in the process of oil field exploitation, the used sensor is usually calibrated by using tap water before being put into use, but the difference between the tap water and underground water contained in the oil field is large, so that the measurement accuracy of the sensor is influenced. Therefore, a series of corrections, including a degree of mineralization, need to be made before the downhole fluid is measured. The water content and the mineralization degree are very important detection parameters, the real-time online detection of the water content and the mineralization degree has very important significance, and meanwhile, the real-time online detection of the water content and the mineralization degree is also a difficult problem of accurate online measurement of an oil field.
For measuring the water content and the mineralization degree, a relation model between the medium parameters such as the conductivity or the dielectric constant of the oil-water two-phase flow and the water content and the mineralization degree is usually utilized for solving. In a traditional measuring method, such as a conductance method or a capacitance method, the oil-water two-phase flow is equivalent to one of the parameters, and then the water content is solved. The oil-water two-phase flow not only contains conductivity information, but also contains capacitance information, so that the information obtained by the traditional measuring method is compared on one side. In addition, conventional sensors consist of a pair of plate electrodes, one of which acts as an excitation electrode and the other of which acts as a measurement electrode. Although the excitation field of the electrode is uniformly distributed, the problems of power line edge effect, electrode dead-front area, electrode spacing difficult determination and the like exist, and the electrode is suitable for square pipelines; the problem of parallel plate electrodes is solved by the opposite wall arc electrodes, but the distance distribution among the electrodes is uneven, namely the distance between the middle of the electrodes is far and the distance between the edges of the electrodes is close, so that the excitation field distribution is uneven, and the measurement information is influenced; the mesh electrode structure can better reflect the information on the section of the whole pipeline at the same time, and in addition, a section multi-electrode (such as an EIT imaging technology) can also more accurately measure the distribution condition of two-phase flow in the pipeline, but both the mesh electrode structure and the section multi-electrode have the problems of complex structure, inconvenient installation and high cost. Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide an electrical impedance sensor with uniform excitation field, simple structure and easy installation for measuring water content and mineralization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for measuring the water content and the mineralization degree of oil-water two-phase flow of an oil well, which aims to design a sensor form with a simple structure and uniform excitation field for the measurement of the water content and the mineralization degree of the oil-water two-phase flow and provide a new measuring device. The invention makes the oil-water two-phase flow mixed medium in the pipeline equivalent to an electrical impedance, namely the parallel connection of the conductance and the capacitance, and when the phase content of the mixed medium changes, the electrical impedance changes along with the change. Because the mineralization is greatly influenced on the conductivity and the influence on the dielectric constant is relatively small, the capacitance value is not influenced by the mineralization of water, and the water content can be solved by adopting a function model of the capacitance and the water content. And after the water content is obtained, calculating the water phase conductivity by adopting a functional relation model between the water content and the mixed phase conductivity, and finally deducing the mineralization degree by utilizing the functional relation between the water phase conductivity and the mineralization degree. The technical scheme is as follows:
a water content and mineralization degree measuring circuit based on an insertion type electrical impedance sensor is used for measuring the water content and the mineralization degree in an oil-water two-phase flow pipeline and comprises the electrical impedance sensor, a signal processing unit, a demodulation unit and a calculation unit. It is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the electrical impedance sensor is fixed at the elbow joint of the vertical pipeline and the transverse pipeline and is inserted from top to bottom along the direction of the vertical pipeline, and comprises an excitation measuring electrode which is used as an excitation electrode and a measuring electrode at the same time and two protection electrodes which are fixed above and below the excitation measuring electrode;
the signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier, wherein the negative input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with an excitation measuring electrode in the electrical impedance sensor through a coaxial cable signal line, and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with the alternating current signal generator and is simultaneously connected with two protective electrodes in the electrical impedance sensor, a shielding layer of the coaxial cable and the negative input end of the differential amplifier; a standard resistor is connected with the negative input end and the output end of the front-end amplifier; the output end of the front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input end of the differential amplifier;
the demodulation unit is used for demodulating the sinusoidal voltage measurement signal obtained by the signal processing unit and extracting a real part signal and an imaginary part signal of the measurement signal so as to obtain conductivity information and capacitance information of the oil-water two-phase flow;
the calculation unit is used for calculating the water content by adopting a functional relation model of the capacitance value and the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow according to the conductivity information and the capacitance information of the oil-water two-phase flow obtained by the demodulation unit; and solving the conductivity of the water phase by adopting a functional relation model of the water content and the mixed conductivity of the oil-water two-phase flow, and calculating the mineralization degree according to the functional relation model of the conductivity of the water phase and the mineralization degree.
In the plug-in structure, the excitation measuring electrode of the invention shares the same electrode of the sensor, and the metal pipeline is used as a reference ground, so that the excitation measuring electrode is more convenient to install than a pipe section structure; the invention adopts a coaxial cable signal wire to transmit a measuring signal, and a shielding layer of the coaxial cable is connected with an alternating current signal generator to eliminate the influence of distributed capacitance in a measuring circuit on the measuring signal; in the invention, the signal processing unit and the plug-in sensor are mutually matched, 1) the influence of cable distribution parameters is reduced; 2) the uniformity of the electric field at the excitation measuring electrode is ensured; 3) an output voltage proportional to the measured conductance and capacitance values, respectively, is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a measurement schematic;
FIG. 2 is a measurement equivalent circuit;
FIG. 3 is a sensor block diagram;
FIG. 4 shows the voltage vo2(t) phase angle diagram;
the labels in the above figures are:
1. excitation measuring electrode, 2, protective electrode, 3, coaxial cable, 4, shielding layer, 5, alternating current signal generator, 6, front-end amplifier, 7, differential amplifier, 8, metal pipeline, 9, operational amplifier, 10, multiplier, 11, display instrument shell, 12, flange
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention mainly comprises a sensor design, a signal processing unit, a demodulation unit and a calculation unit, and the specific design is as follows:
1. sensor design
As shown in fig. 1, the plug-in electrical impedance sensor consists of an excitation measuring electrode in the middle and two guard electrodes above and below. Wherein the same electrode of the common sensor is excited and measured, and the metal pipeline connected with the ground is used as a reference ground. During installation, the sensor is inserted from top to bottom along the direction of the vertical pipeline, so that the electrode is positioned at the axis of the vertical pipeline. The excitation measuring electrode and the protection electrode of the sensor are respectively led to the signal processing unit, and the leads are led out from the center of the sensor by adopting a shielding cable.
2. The signal processing unit plays a role in converting electrical impedance signals of oil-water two-phase flow in the electrical impedance sensor into measurable electrical signals and is a core part of the measuring system. The signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier. The signal processing unit converts the signal collected by the sensor into a voltage signal v through a front-end amplifiero1(t) obtaining a sinusoidal voltage v through a differential amplifiero2(t) and then output to a demodulation unit which extracts the voltage containing conductance and capacitance information therein as the output voltage of the entire unit. The specific situation is as follows:
(1) firstly, the sensor and the signal processing unit are connected through a coaxial cable, namely, one end of a coaxial cable signal wire is connected with an excitation measuring electrode of the sensor, and the other end of the coaxial cable signal wire is connected with a negative input end of a front-end amplifier, so that a measuring signal is transmitted to the front-end amplifier through the coaxial cable signal wire;
(2) using an ac signal generator to provide an excitation voltage v to the sensori(t)＝Vimsin (ω t), in order to reduce the influence of the electrode edge effect at the excitation measuring electrode, the invention applies the output of the alternating current signal generator to the guard electrode of the sensor and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier, according to the 'virtual short' principle, the electric potential of the excitation measuring electrode connected with the negative input end of the front-end amplifier is the same as that of the guard electrode, because the distortion of the electrode edge electric field occurs near the guard electrode, the influence of the electrode edge effect on the measurement electric impedance of the excitation measuring electrode is avoided;
(3) in the connection mode in (2), the output of the alternating current signal generator is applied to the shielding layer of the coaxial cable connected with the excitation measuring electrode and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier, and the signal line and the shielding line of the coaxial cable are in equal potential according to the virtual short principle, so that the influence of the distributed capacitance of the cable on the measurement is reduced;
(4) a standard resistor RfThe current flowing through the excitation measuring electrode and the metal pipeline is in direct proportion to the impedance value Z of the oil-water two-phase flow. The invention makes the oil-water two-phase flow equivalent to the electrical impedance
The equivalent measurement circuit is shown in fig. 2. In ω is the angular frequency of the excitation voltage, GxIs the electrical conductivity of the mixed medium, CxIs the capacitance value of the mixed medium. Therefore, the amplified voltage signal obtained after voltage excitation is vo1(t)＝vi(t)+(Gx+jωCx)Rfvi(t)；
(5) At a voltage signal vo1In (t), in order to obtain a voltage signal proportional to the information of the measured electrical conductivity and capacitance, the inventionAnd the output end of the front-end amplifier and the output end of the alternating current signal generator are respectively connected with the positive input end and the negative input end of the differential amplifier. The above voltage vo1(t) the signal is converted into a sinusoidal voltage signal v by a differential amplifiero2(t)＝vo1(t)-vi(t)＝(Gx+jωCx)Rfvi(t)。
3. Demodulation unit
The purpose of the demodulation unit is to demodulate the sinusoidal voltage signal v obtained in the signal processing unito2And (t) demodulating to extract real part signals and imaginary part signals of the measurement signals so as to obtain the conductivity and capacitance information of the oil-water two-phase flow. The demodulation method mainly comprises the modes of digital demodulation, multiplication demodulation, switch demodulation and the like. The demodulation method adopted by the invention is to realize simple multiplication demodulation, and the working principle is as follows:
the input signal of the multiplication demodulation unit is the output voltage of the differential amplifier in the signal processing unit
Wherein
Is the phase angle, as shown in fig. 4. Setting the 0 reference signal to v equal to the excitation voltage supplied by the AC signal generatorr1(t)＝vi(t)＝Vimsin (ω t). In order to obtain a 90 DEG reference signal, the invention provides a capacitive element CmConnected to the negative input of an operational amplifier, the positive input of which is connected to ground, a reference resistor RmConnected to the negative input and output of the operational amplifier, so that the phase of the excitation voltage is advanced by 90 DEG after passing through the circuit, thereby obtaining a 90 DEG reference signal
To obtain the real part of the input signal, the input signal and the 0 DEG reference signal are passed through a multiplier to obtain an output signal of
Then the low-pass filter is used to set the cut-off frequency of the filter to be far less than 2 omega, and the real part of the input signal is obtained
To obtain the imaginary part of the input signal, the input signal and a 90 ° reference signal are passed through a multiplier to obtain an output signal of
Then the imaginary part of the input signal is obtained through a low-pass filter
From the above process, an output voltage proportional to the conductance information is obtained at this time
And an output voltage proportional to the capacitance information
4. Computing unit
Since the influence of the degree of mineralization on the conductivity is large and the influence on the permittivity is relatively small, the influence of the degree of mineralization on the permittivity can be ignored in the process of calculating the water content and the degree of mineralization. After the output voltage which is respectively in direct proportion to the conductance and the capacitance is obtained, the conductance and the capacitance of the oil-water two-phase flow are obtained, and the water content can be solved by adopting a function model of the capacitance and the water content. And after the water content is obtained, calculating the water phase conductivity by adopting a functional relation model between the water content and the mixed phase conductivity, and finally deducing the mineralization degree by utilizing the functional relation between the water phase conductivity and the mineralization degree.
For the functional relation model of the water phase conductivity and the mineralization degree, the existing functional relation model of the conductivity and the mineralization degree cannot be applied to all environments unconditionally due to the fact that the mineralization degree difference under different geological conditions and hydrological conditions is large. Therefore, in practical application, a specific conductance value and a specific mineralization degree need to be obtained through experimental calibration in a specific regional environment, a specific relationship between the conductance value and the mineralization degree is established, and a functional relationship model is obtained.
The design of the plug-in electrical impedance sensor provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, and the sensor is applied to a pipeline with a smaller inner diameter and a bent pipe part. The plug-in type electrical impedance sensor is installed from top to bottom along the direction of a vertical pipeline, so that an electrode is positioned at the axis of the vertical pipeline. The same electrode of the common sensor is excited and measured, with the grounded metal pipe as a reference ground. The sensor consists of a middle excitation measuring electrode and an upper protective electrode and a lower protective electrode. The excitation detection electrode and the protection electrode are respectively led to the signal processing unit, and the leads are led out from the center of the sensor by adopting a shielding cable. The sensor is connected to the pipeline by a flange mounted above the electrode.
In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the relative position between the excitation electrode and the guard electrode is fixed, an insulation interval of 1-2mm should be ensured between the excitation electrode and the guard electrode during processing. In order to make the electric field distribution in the vicinity of the measuring electrode more uniform, it is required in this embodiment that the pipe section where the measuring electrode is excited is free of bent pipe sections, i.e. it is completely ensured that the pipe section is vertical. In this embodiment, since the tube wall is made of conductive material and is grounded, it is necessary to prevent short circuit between the guard electrode and the tube wall, and therefore, the upper edge of the upper guard electrode is required to be 10-15mm lower than the intersection point of the insertion portion and the elbow.
After the excitation is started, the signal measured by the sensor is transmitted to the signal processing unit through the coaxial cable signal wire. Obtaining a voltage signal v after the processing of a front-end amplifier and a differential amplifiero2(t)＝(Gx+jωCx)vi(t)Rf. The signal is input into a demodulation unit and processed by an internal circuit, and the real part of the demodulated output voltage is
Imaginary part of
After the conductivity and capacitance information of the oil-water two-phase flow is obtained by the demodulation unit, in order to obtain the water content information, the embodimentIn the computing unitAnd deducing a specific corresponding function relation between the capacitance value and the water content by adopting a Maxwell-Garnett formula, and finally obtaining a corresponding water content value. The derivation process is as follows:
(1) as can be seen from the foregoing, the excitation voltage is vi(t) mixed phase capacitance is CxThe imaginary part of the output voltage after demodulation is
(2) Adopting Maxwell-Garnett formula
The derivation shows:
wherein, CWIs a water phase capacitor, CoilIs the oil phase capacitance, CxThe water content of the oil-water two-phase flow;
(3) by measuring the proportional relationship between voltage and capacitance, one can deduce:
(4) the water content alpha of the oil-water two-phase flow can be calculated by the formulaW。
Obtaining the mixed phase conductivity G of the oil-water two-phase flowxAnd water content ratio alphaWThen, in order to obtain the water phase conductivity, the embodiment uses a function relationship model of the mixed phase conductivity and the water content, a Maxwell model, to perform derivation. By usingMaxwell's formula
The derivation shows:
wherein G isWIs the electrical conductance of the aqueous phase, alphaWThe water content of the oil-water two-phase flow. The mixed phase obtained above was subjected to electric conductivity GxAnd water content ratio alphaWSubstituting into formula
The water phase conductivity G can be obtainedW。
In obtaining the conductivity G of the aqueous phaseWThen, in order to obtain the mineralization degree information of the oil-water two-phase flow, water quality needs to be sampled in a detected area in advance, and specific water phase conductivity and mineralization degree are obtained through experimental calibration, so that a specific relation between the two is established, and a functional relation model is obtained. The degree of mineralization is then deduced from the measured conductivity of the aqueous phase. The invention adopts the following specific method:
and (4) recording the conductivity of the water phase as an independent variable x and the mineralization degree as a dependent variable y, and establishing a regression equation y as ax + b. Sampling the mineralized water in the detected area, measuring specific values of the conductivity and the mineralization degree of the sample for multiple times by using a measuring instrument, and substituting several groups of data into a regression equation to obtain coefficients a and b. According to the regression equation, and the obtained water phase conductivity GWThe corresponding degree of mineralization can be determined.
The water content and the mineralization degree of the oil-water two-phase flow can be obtained through the steps. The invention has simple principle and structure, easy installation and wide application range, and is suitable for measuring the water content and the mineralization degree of oil-water two-phase flow.
Claims (1)
1. A water content and mineralization degree measuring circuit based on an insertion type electrical impedance sensor is used for measuring the water content and the mineralization degree in an oil-water two-phase flow pipeline and comprises the electrical impedance sensor, a signal processing unit, a demodulation unit and a calculation unit,
the electrical impedance sensor is fixed at the elbow joints of the vertical pipeline and the transverse pipeline and is inserted from top to bottom along the direction of the vertical pipeline, the electrical impedance sensor comprises an excitation measuring electrode which is used as an excitation electrode and a measuring electrode at the same time and two protective electrodes which are fixed above and below the excitation measuring electrode, and the excitation electrode and the measuring electrode use the grounded metal pipeline as a common reference ground;
the signal processing unit comprises a front-end amplifier, a coaxial cable, an alternating current signal generator and a differential amplifier, wherein the negative input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with an excitation measuring electrode in the electrical impedance sensor through a coaxial cable signal line, and the positive input end of the front-end amplifier is connected with the alternating current signal generator and is simultaneously connected with two protective electrodes in the electrical impedance sensor, a shielding layer of the coaxial cable and the negative input end of the differential amplifier; a standard resistor is connected with the negative input end and the output end of the front-end amplifier; the output end of the front-end amplifier is connected to the positive input end of the differential amplifier;
the demodulation unit is used for demodulating the sinusoidal voltage measurement signal obtained by the signal processing unit and extracting a real part signal and an imaginary part signal of the measurement signal so as to obtain conductivity information and capacitance information of the oil-water two-phase flow;
the calculation unit is used for calculating the water content by adopting a functional relation model of the capacitance value and the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow according to the conductivity information and the capacitance information of the oil-water two-phase flow obtained by the demodulation unit; and solving the conductivity of the water phase by adopting a functional relation model of the water content and the mixed conductivity of the oil-water two-phase flow, and calculating the mineralization degree according to the functional relation model of the conductivity of the water phase and the mineralization degree.
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| CN109828016B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-03-26 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Electrode type crude oil mineralization real-time detector |
| CN110672820B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-02-22 | 陕西永凯科技有限公司 | System for measuring water content and/or mineralization degree through multi-sensor fusion |
| CN111157591B (en) * | 2020-01-05 | 2022-07-08 | 天津大学 | Staggered double-helix high-frequency sensor for measuring water holding rate and measuring system |
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