CN107288627B - Method for measuring high water content of oil-water two-phase flow by double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor - Google Patents
Method for measuring high water content of oil-water two-phase flow by double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-phase flow layered interface geometry measuring method, which is used for measuring the layered interface morphology of two-phase flow with conductivity difference, an adopted parallel line array sensor comprises two groups of parallel line electrodes, one group of parallel line electrodes is distributed on the same upstream pipeline cross section and is used as an exciting electrode, the other group of parallel line electrodes is distributed on the same downstream pipeline cross section and is used as a receiving electrode, the exciting electrode and the receiving electrode which are opposite in position form a pair of line electrodes, and each electrode is fixed on a fixing piece and penetrates through a horizontal measuring pipeline, the measuring method comprises the following steps: determining the geometric dimension of the parallel line array sensor on the premise that the parallel line array sensor does not damage the interface form of the oil-water layer; the measurement of each line electrode pair is finished in sequence, and a frame of measurement data can be acquired; and calibrating the measurement response of the parallel line array sensor by using the layered gas-water two-phase distribution in the horizontal measurement pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production logging technology for an oil-water two-phase flow output profile of a low-flow high-water-content oil well in the field of dynamic monitoring of oil fields.
Background
Because the onshore low-porosity and low-permeability oil field in China adopts a water injection exploitation means for a long time, the production state of low-flow-rate high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow in the oil well is mostly presented. The method for measuring the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow of the low-flow-velocity high-water-content oil well in a high-resolution manner has important values for improving the crude oil recovery rate and optimizing the oil reservoir production characteristics.
At present, the conventional oil well production profile testing technology mostly adopts a conductance method and a capacitance method to measure the water content, the frequency of excitation signals of the conductance method and the capacitance method is generally below 100MHz and limited by the measurement methods, and the two measurement methods have low measurement resolution ratio for the water content of high-water content (the water content is more than 90 percent) oil-water two-phase flow and provide a challenge for correctly guiding the adjustment of a high-water content oil field development scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring high water content of oil-water two-phase flow by using a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor. The water content information is extracted through the attenuation value of the microwave signal by the double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor, and the high-resolution measurement of the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow is realized. The technical scheme is as follows:
a double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor oil-water two-phase flow high water content measuring method is used for measuring the water content of high water content oil-water two-phase flow, and an adopted measuring device comprises a double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor 7, a microwave signal source 5, a directional coupler 6 and a signal conditioning unit with a high-frequency amplitude and phase discriminator; the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor comprises a sensor pipeline 1, a shielding layer 2, an excitation electrode 3 and a measuring electrode 4, wherein the shielding layer 2 is fixed outside the sensor pipeline 1, the excitation electrode and a receiving electrode penetrate through the sensor pipeline 1 and are vertical to the sensor pipeline 1 and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central line of the section of the sensor pipeline 1, a microwave signal generated by a microwave signal source 5 is divided into two paths of same signals through a directional coupler, one path of same signals is directly connected to one input end of an amplitude phase discriminator, the other path of same signals is connected to the excitation electrode 3 of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor 7, and the measuring electrode 4 of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor 7 is connected to; detecting a phase difference signal and an amplitude difference signal through a high-frequency amplitude and phase discriminator 8; the measurement method is as follows:
(1) obtaining the optimal size and excitation frequency of the double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor by using a finite element simulation method;
(2) fixing a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor with optimal size in a vertically-ascending high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow pipeline, and acquiring a phase difference signal and an amplitude difference signal detected by a high-frequency phase amplitude detector through a low-flow-rate high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow dynamic experiment;
(3) defining the normalized attenuation value A expression of the mixed fluid as:
A＝(Vm-Vo)/(Vw-Vo)
in the formula, Vo、VwAnd VmRespectively representing the signal attenuation values under the flowing conditions of the content of 90 percent, the total water and the measured oil-water mixed liquid; obtaining an experiment related chart between the oil-water two-phase flow signal normalized attenuation measurement value and the experiment calibration water content;
(4) when high water content is measured, the output signal of the sensor is subjected to normalized attenuation value processing, and under the condition of measuring and obtaining the total flow, the water content of the corresponding oil-water two-phase flow is calculated by utilizing a chart relevant to the experiment among the water contents.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor designed by the invention can effectively improve the influence of the electrode of the sensor on dirt adhesion and corrosion, and is beneficial to long-term and effective work in the underground.
(2) The double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor designed by the invention can be suitable for high-resolution measurement of the water content of the low-flow-rate high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow in the vertical shaft, and the resolution is up to 1% per 10 mV.
(3) The double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor designed by the invention uses the measurement curve of the total water value and the water content of 90% as the basic value calibration measurement value, and can obviously eliminate the influence of the flow pattern on the water content measurement result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dual parallel line microwave cavity sensor.
FIG. 2 is a partial block diagram of a dual parallel line microwave cavity sensor.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a water content measuring system of a double parallel line microwave cavity sensor.
FIG. 4 shows voltage signals measured by a double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor corresponding to three flow patterns of oil-water two-phase flow, wherein (a), (b) and (c) are oil-in-water slug flow, oil-in-water bubble flow and oil-in-water fine bubble flow respectively.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an experiment between the normalized measurement value of the attenuation signal of the high water content oil-water two-phase flow measured by the double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor and the water content and the total flow of the oil-water two-phase flow calibrated by the experiment.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1 sensor tube; 2, a shielding layer; 3 exciting the electrode; 4 a measuring electrode; 5. a microwave signal source; 6. a directional coupler; 7. a dual parallel microwave cavity sensor; 8. a high-frequency amplitude and phase discriminator;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples. The invention relates to a method for measuring oil-water two-phase flow of a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor, which mainly comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to break through the limitation of the current conductivity method and capacitance method for measuring the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow of the high-water-content oil well, and provides a novel method for measuring the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow of the high water content by using a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor. During measurement, the excitation frequency is selected to be 1.3GHz, when the water content of the oil-water mixed liquid changes, the resonance frequency in the sensor resonant cavity can change greatly, further the attenuation of the microwave signal transmitted by the sensor can change along with the change of the resonance frequency, and the water content of the oil-water mixed liquid is calculated by measuring the attenuation of the microwave signal. The tube wall of the microwave sensor is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, so that the microwave sensor has good anti-fouling and anti-corrosion properties, and the excitation electrode and the receiving electrode penetrate through the test section pipeline and are vertical to the test section pipeline and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central line of the section of the test pipeline. The exciting electrode and the measuring electrode are coated with Teflon to prevent the electrodes from being stained or corroded. The whole measuring device is wrapped by copper sheets to avoid the interference of stray electromagnetic waves.
Because of the extremely high frequency of the microwave signal, the excitation circuit, the detection circuit and the sensor are designed to be different from the low-frequency conductance and capacitance sensor. And (3) optimizing the geometric dimension (the electrode distance and the electrode diameter) and the working frequency of the sensor electrodes by adopting a high-frequency electromagnetic field finite element analysis method, and finally realizing the high-resolution measurement of the two-phase flow water content of the low-flow-rate high-water-content oil well.
The double parallel line sensor designed by the invention is a double-port microwave device, and the core of the signal conditioning unit is an amplitude phase discriminator (figure 3). In order to avoid the influence of phase noise and amplitude drift of a signal source on measurement, a microwave signal output by the signal source is divided into two paths of completely same signals through a directional coupler, one path of the completely same signals is directly connected to an amplitude and phase discriminator, and the other path of the completely same signals is attenuated by a sensor and then connected to the amplitude and phase discriminator.
The whole structure of the double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor comprises a test section pipeline 1, a shielding layer 2, an excitation electrode 3 and a measuring electrode 4, wherein the excitation electrode 3 and the measuring electrode are inserted and installed in a mode of being vertical to the test section pipeline. The distance between the exciting electrode and the measuring electrode is d, and the radius of the electrode is r. The output end of the microwave signal source 5 is connected to the input end of the directional coupler 6, the output end of the directional coupler 6 is connected to the exciting electrode of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor 7, and the output end of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor 7 is connected to one input end of the high-frequency phase amplitude detector 8. A coupled output of the directional coupler 6 is connected to a second input of the high frequency phase amplitude detector 8. The outputs 9, 10 of the high frequency amplitude phase detector 8 are connected to data acquisition equipment.
The method is characterized in that a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor with the optimal size is installed in a vertical-rising small-caliber oil-water two-phase flow experimental device, and when high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow fluid flows through a sensor measuring area, output signals of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor are conditioned and collected. In the data processing process, the sensor voltage signals under different flowing working conditions are subjected to normalized attenuation value processing, and under the condition of measuring and acquiring the total flow, the water content of the corresponding oil-water two-phase flow can be calculated by utilizing a water content dynamic experiment measurement chart (figure 5).
The specific implementation process of the oil-water two-phase flow measuring method of the double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor is described below by combining the accompanying drawings:
(1) in the invention, the electrode spacing d and the electrode radius r of the double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensor are optimized by a finite element method, and an arc-shaped wall-to-wall microwave sensor three-dimensional simulation model is established by simulation software HFSS (high frequency synchronous system), as shown in figure 3. Setting the inner diameter D of the vertical ascending pipe to be 0.02m, the length L of the vertical ascending pipe to be 0.2m, and the water phase resistivityw1000 Ω · m, oil phase resistivityo10e20 Ω · m, copper electrode resistivitys5.8000e-8 Ω · m. And carrying out meshing division on the simulation model by adopting a free subdivision mode, and adopting constant-pressure excitation when a load is applied. The excitation electrode applied voltage was 1V, and the signal characteristic impedance was 50 ohms. The simulation process is as follows: when modeling is carried out by HFSS software, an insulating small ball is put on a measuring section of a sensor in the model and is attached with the oil phase resistivity attribute, and the diameter of the insulating small ball is 0.5 mm. The output voltage value of the exciting electrode changes along with the position of the small ball in the pipeline, so that the change amplitude of the voltage of the exciting electrode can be calculatedAnd (4) the sensitivity of the conductivity sensor. When the ball transforms a coordinate, the sensitivity value at the coordinate can be calculated. And traversing the coordinates of the small ball to all positions of the detection section of the arc-shaped wall-to-wall microwave sensor to obtain the sensitivity distribution under the size of the electrode.
The invention employs detecting field uniformity error parameters (SVP) and relative sensitivity (S) of the sensoravg) As an index for examining the sensitivity distribution. Relative sensitivity of the sensor (S)avg) The meaning of (1) is the average of the corresponding sensitivities at all the coordinates of the globule of the cross-section, defined as:
the uniformity error parameter (SVP) defining the measurement cross-section is:
in the formula, SdevThe standard deviation of the relative sensitivity of different positions on the measurement cross section is defined as:
obviously, SavgThe larger the value, the higher the sensor sensitivity, and the smaller the SVP value, i.e., the smaller the uniformity error. Setting different electrode lengths, central angles, and excitation signal frequencies and calculating SavgAnd combining with SVP, and finally determining that the electrode spacing of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor is 7mm, the electrode radius is 0.5mm, and the excitation frequency is 1.3GHz by integrating the amplitude-frequency characteristic and the phase-frequency characteristic of the sensor.
(2) Through a low-flow-rate high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow dynamic experiment, voltage signals output by double parallel line microwave resonant cavity sensors are collected, and an experiment related chart (figure 5) between an oil-water two-phase flow signal normalized attenuation measurement value and an experiment calibration water content is obtained, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
defining the normalized attenuation value A expression of the mixed fluid as:
A＝(Vm-Vo)/(Vw-Vo)
in the formula, Vo、VwAnd VmThe signal attenuation values are respectively the signal attenuation values under the flowing conditions of the content of 90 percent, the total water and the measured oil-water mixed liquid.
(3) The sensor voltage signals under different flowing conditions are subjected to normalized attenuation value processing, and on the premise that the total flow is obtained through measurement, a water content dynamic experiment measurement chart (figure 5) is utilized, so that the corresponding water content value can be calculated.
Experimental verification and results:
by using the low-flow-rate high-water-content oil-water two-phase-flow dual-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor designed by the invention, measurement signals (figure 4) of oil-in-water slug flow, oil-in-water bubble flow and oil-in-water fine bubble flow, and an experimental chart (figure 5) between a normalized attenuation value and a calibrated water content can be obtained. It can be seen that the voltage fluctuation signal (normalized attenuation value) of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor has very high water content resolution ratio at low flow and high water content, and particularly, when the water content is more than 90%, the water content measurement resolution capability of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor is not possessed by other electric conduction methods and capacitance methods, so that the effectiveness of high-resolution water content measurement of the oil-water two-phase flow double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor designed by the invention is verified.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the water content of oil-water two-phase flow with a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor is used for measuring the water content of the oil-water two-phase flow with high water content, and an adopted measuring device comprises a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor (7), a microwave signal source (5), a directional coupler (6) and a signal conditioning unit with a high-frequency amplitude and phase discriminator; the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor comprises a sensor pipeline (1), a shielding layer (2), an excitation electrode (3) and a measuring electrode (4), wherein the shielding layer (2) is fixed outside the sensor pipeline (1), the excitation electrode and a receiving electrode penetrate through the sensor pipeline (1) and are vertical to the sensor pipeline, and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central line of the section of the sensor pipeline (1), a microwave signal generated by a microwave signal source (5) is divided into two paths of same signals through a directional coupler, one path of same signals is directly connected to one input end of an amplitude and phase discriminator, the other path of same signals is connected to the excitation electrode (3) of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor (7), and the measuring electrode (4) of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor (7) is connected to the other input end; detecting a phase difference signal and an amplitude difference signal through a high-frequency amplitude and phase discriminator (8); the measurement method is as follows:
(1) obtaining the optimal size and excitation frequency of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor by using a finite element simulation method, wherein the electrode spacing of the double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor is 7mm, the electrode radius is 0.5mm, and the excitation frequency is 1.3 GHz;
(2) fixing a double-parallel-line microwave resonant cavity sensor with optimal size in a vertically-ascending high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow pipeline, and acquiring a phase difference signal and an amplitude difference signal detected by a high-frequency phase amplitude detector through a low-flow-rate high-water-content oil-water two-phase flow dynamic experiment;
(3) defining the normalized attenuation value A expression of the mixed fluid as:
A＝(Vm-Vo)/(Vw-Vo)
in the formula, Vo、VwAnd VmRespectively representing the signal attenuation values under the flowing conditions of the content of 90 percent, the total water and the measured oil-water mixed liquid; obtaining an experiment related chart between the oil-water two-phase flow signal normalized attenuation measurement value and the experiment calibration water content;
(4) when high water content is measured, the output signal of the sensor is subjected to normalized attenuation value processing, and under the condition of measuring and obtaining the total flow, the water content of the corresponding oil-water two-phase flow is calculated by utilizing a chart relevant to the experiment among the water contents.
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