CN106567708A - While-drilling lateral resistivity well test system based on C4D technology and signal detection method of while-drilling lateral resistivity well test system - Google Patents
While-drilling lateral resistivity well test system based on C4D technology and signal detection method of while-drilling lateral resistivity well test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106567708A CN106567708A CN201610946150.0A CN201610946150A CN106567708A CN 106567708 A CN106567708 A CN 106567708A CN 201610946150 A CN201610946150 A CN 201610946150A CN 106567708 A CN106567708 A CN 106567708A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a while-drilling lateral resistivity well test system and a signal detection method based on the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) technology. The problem that according to traditional while-drilling lateral resistivity well test, measurement under the oil base drilling liquid cannot be achieved is solved. According to the method, an alternating current measurement channel of well test is simplified to and is equivalent to a series connection model of the borehole capacitance and the formation resistivity, the amplitude and the phase position of the well test weak signal are obtained through the digital phase sensitive demodulation technology, and the formation resistivity can be worked out according to related models. A set of while-drilling lateral resistivity well test simulation test device is designed on that base, simulated well test experiments are conducted under the frequencies of 10 kHz, 15 kHz, 20kHz and 25 kHz, researches show that the method is feasible, and the method is suitable for high-resistivity formation while-drilling resistivity well test under the oil base drilling liquid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to C4Under D technologies and resistivity logging while drilling lateral logging technology, more particularly to a kind of oil base drilling fluid
With boring lateral resistivity logging system and its signal detecting method.
Background technology
Well logging is mainly characterized by being surveyed when boring, and while drilling well task is completed logging tasks are completed, and compares cable
Well logging has the advantages that real-time is good, measures true, efficiency high, the suitability is good.Resistivity logging while drilling well logging is logging while drilling technology
One of core, mainly include with boring sensing, with boring electromagnetic wave and with boring lateral resistivity logging.Wherein, lateral resistivity is surveyed
Well is a kind of formation resistivity logging method of focus supply mode, with larger resistivity measurement scope, is particularly well-suited to height
Resistance stratum well logging operating mode.
1967, Arps, Jan J devised a kind of application helical toroidal coil structure and realizes noncontact excitation and detection
With lateral resistivity logging device Focussed Current Resistivity tool (FCR) are bored, the current principle of device exists
Both at home and abroad geosteering resistivity logging while drilling well logging field is widely used and develops.Ultimate principle is：Sinusoidal excitation signal
Alternating voltage of inducting, drill collar, well (containing drilling fluid), neighbouring stratum structure are produced on the drill collar of helical annular excitation coil both sides
Into AC measurment path, detecting the electric current of nearly drill bit different parts can try to achieve corresponding formation resistivity.
Because lateral resistivity logging is come Formation Resistivity Measurement, by drilling fluid electric conductivity by measurement stratum electric conductivity
Affect obvious, be typically only applicable to water-base drilling fluid.Under oil base drilling fluid, generally detecting electrode is made using wireline logging mode
It is adjacent to the borehole wall or adopts high frequency (MHz) signal to penetrate oil base drilling fluid to obtain stratum conductive characteristic.Due to being studied with brill
The high permeability magnetic core of lateral resistivity logging sensor typically can only operate in lower frequency (kHz), and detecting electrode is nested
In drill collar, detecting electrode is completely isolated by oil base drilling fluid with stratum, hence in so that well logging is difficult to.
C4D technologies are that Zemann etc. and da Silva etc. was proposed respectively simultaneously in 1998, are a kind of more new
Contactless conductivity detection technology, is mainly used at present the fields such as analytical chemistry.C4D technologies are in fluids within pipes conductivity measurement
In, excitation is placed in tube wall outside with detecting electrode, and by capacitive coupling non-cpntact measurement is realized, measurement model is simplified etc.
Connecting for tube wall electric capacity and measurement object resistance is imitated, by the real part and imaginary part (or amplitude and phase place) of detection signal and is extracted
Real part information is trying to achieve the electric conductivity of measurement object.Because well logging measurement is timely, well is relatively regular, and drilling fluid not yet enters
Invade stratum, drill collar can simplify by the AC measurment path that oil base drilling fluid well is constituted with neighbouring stratum and be equivalent to well electric capacity
With connecting for formation resistivity, with C4The typical measuring circuit model of D is consistent.
The present invention is applied to the technology with lateral resistivity logging is bored, by C4The noncontact of D technology capacitive couplings is examined
The ultimate principle for surveying fluid conductivity in isolated pipe is applied to the outer formation resistivity of non-contact detecting oil base drilling fluid of logging well, solution
Certainly tradition works limited problem with boring lateral resistivity logging under oil base drilling fluid under low frequency, and main contents include：
On the one hand, it is proposed that based on C4The equivalent measurement circuit model of D principles, due to well logging measurement in time, well
Relatively regular, drilling fluid not yet invades stratum, and drill collar is led to by the AC measurment that oil base drilling fluid well and neighbouring stratum are constituted
Road can simplify and be equivalent to connecting for well electric capacity C and formation resistivity R.
On the other hand, faint logging signal detection is realized using digital phase-sensitive demodulation techniques, digital phase-sensitive demodulation techniques are
A kind of Technique of Weak Signal Detection, obtains the amplitude and phase information of characteristic frequency measured signal, so as to ask by data processing
The real part and imaginary part of circuit model are obtained, while the signal detecting method has the function of stronger digital filtering, hardware can be reduced
Filter circuit design, and the impact of environmental disturbances is reduced, in the present invention with the stronger suitability.
Additionally, the effectiveness in order to verify the method, has carried out comsol simulation studies, a set of modeling logging examination has been built
Experiment device, and carried out simulation experiment checking.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to work limited under oil base drilling fluid with lateral resistivity logging is bored for tradition under low frequency
Problem, based on C4D technologies, propose the logging signal detecting system and method for being applied to oil base drilling fluid under a kind of low frequency.
Technical scheme is as follows：
Based on C4D technologies include stratum to be measured, sensor, Signal acquiring and processing with boring lateral resistivity logging system
Module；Described sensor is made up of drill collar and the excitation coil being nested on drill collar and detecting electrode, wherein, excitation coil
It is made up of toroidal core and the coil being wound on magnetic core, detecting electrode is to insulate between loop configuration, with drill collar；Described signal
Collection is with processing module including simple alternating current driving source, operational amplifier, analog-digital converter and the computer being sequentially connected with；Just
The ac-excited source of string connects excitation coil, the operational amplifier homophase termination drill collar of Signal acquiring and processing module, anti-phase termination
Detecting electrode, is separated with oil base drilling fluid well between sensor detecting electrode and stratum to be measured, drill collar, well and stratum are formed hands over
Flow measurement path.
A kind of system with lateral resistivity logging signal detecting method is bored, by C4D technology capacitive couplings are non-
The ultimate principle of fluid conductivity is applied to the outer stratum electricity of non-contact detecting oil base drilling fluid of logging well in contact detection isolated pipe
Resistance rate, is separated with oil base drilling fluid well between logging sensor detecting electrode and stratum to be measured, drill collar, well and stratum are formed hands over
Flow measurement path model, based on C4D technique constructions well logging AC measurment path model, by AC measurment path model oil is equivalent to
Base drilling fluid well electric capacity C connects with formation resistivity R.
The system with bore lateral resistivity logging signal detecting method the step of it is as follows：
1) pumping signal of setting simple alternating current driving source isWherein, UiFor
Simple alternating current pumping signal virtual value, f is simple alternating current exciting signal frequency, and t is time variable, as reference signal, at the beginning of it
Phase place is set to 0 °；If the excitation coil number of turn is Nt, then in simple alternating current pumping signal uiExcitation under, excitation coil both sides drill collar
Induced electromotive force u,U forms electric current i in drill collar, oil base drilling fluid well, stratum constitute AC measurment loop,For the initial phase of electric current i；
2) electric current of operational amplifier and detecting electrode is flowed through for i by drill collaro,Operational amplifier
Feedback resistance is rf, by operational amplifier by current signal ioIt is converted into voltage signal uo,uoJing moulds
Number converter is converted into digital signal uo(n),In formula, AoFor numeral
Sequence amplitude, N is the total points of each cycle sampling, and n is less than the total points of sampling every time；Using digital phase-sensitive demodulation techniques to uo(n)
It is demodulated and tries to achieve AoWithDetection electric current is then had according to front formulaLogging sensor detecting electrode and stratum to be measured it
Between be separated with oil base drilling fluid well, drill collar, well and stratum form AC measurment path model, by AC measurment path model etc.
Connecting according to the AC measurment path model for oil base drilling fluid well electric capacity C and formation resistivity R is imitated, then has resistanceWherein, k is model correction coefficient；Electricalresistivityρ=KR can be obtained by field calibration correction, wherein, K is instrument
The mapping relations of table coefficient, i.e. formation resistivity ρ and equivalent resistance R.
The effectiveness to set up AC measurment path model and designed simulation survey using finite element simulation method
Well response characteristic is studied, and establishes the mapping relations between formation resistivity and equivalent resistance；Using designed
Modeling logging experimental system, is simulated well logging experiment under 10kHz, 15kHz, 20kHz, 25kHz frequency, verifies the method
Effectiveness.
The inventive method has the advantage that：
1) well logging compares wireline logging and has the advantages that good real-time, measurement true, efficiency high, the suitability are wide, will
C4D technologies are applied to well logging, can solve the problem that tradition cannot under oil base drilling fluid with the lateral resistivity logging of brill under low frequency
The problem of measurement, is relatively specific for resistivity logging while drilling well logging in high resistant stratum under oil base drilling fluid；
2) faint logging signal detection is realized using digital phase-sensitive demodulation techniques, characteristic frequency quilt is obtained by data processing
Survey signal amplitude and phase information, so as to try to achieve the real part and imaginary part of circuit model, at the same the signal detecting method have compared with
The function of strong digital filtering, can reduce hardware filtering circuit and design, and reduce the impact of environmental disturbances, have in the present invention
The stronger suitability.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is C4D know-why schematic diagrams, (a) are typical C4The electrode structural chart of D sensors two, (b) is C4D equivalent electrics
Road model；
Fig. 2 is with the lateral resistivity logging system schematic diagram of brill；
Fig. 3 is with the lateral resistivity logging equivalent circuit schematic of brill；
Fig. 4 is AC measurment path simplified model；
Fig. 5 is digital quadrature phase demodulation know-why；
Fig. 6 is the mapping relations for emulating formation resistivity and resistance；
Fig. 7 is with the lateral resistivity log experimental device of brill；
Fig. 8 is to survey resistance result using calibration model；
In figure：1-simple alternating current driving source；2-excitation coil；3-steel pipe；4-detecting electrode；5-diesel oil；6-absolutely
Edge bucket；7-metal foil paper；8-a. c. resistance box；9-discharge circuit；10-analog-digital converter；11-computer.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and Figure of description, the present invention will be further described.
1.C4D know-whies
Fig. 1 (a) show typical C4The electrode structures of D two.Sensor main will be by exciting electrode, detecting electrode and insulation tube
Road is constituted, and exciting electrode and detecting electrode are metal ring electrode and are set in isolated pipe outside.Two electrodes, isolated pipe and
Tested conducting liquid constitutes an AC measurment path, shown in its equivalent circuit diagram such as Fig. 1 (b).Wherein, C1And C2Represent respectively
The coupled capacitor that exciting electrode and detecting electrode are formed by insulation tube wall and the conducting liquid in pipeline, two is electric in R representative pipes
The equivalent resistance of interpolar conducting liquid.Apply ac voltage signal on exciting electrode, then ac voltage signal is surveyed through exchange
Ac current signal is formed on detecting electrode after amount path, the current signal contains the electrical conductivity letter of fluid to be measured in pipeline
Breath, therefore the electrical conductivity of fluid to be measured can be just measured by the current signal on acquisition testing electrode.
2. system is constituted and measuring principle
As shown in Fig. 2 being based on C4D technologies with boring lateral resistivity logging system, including stratum to be measured, sensor and letter
Number collection and processing module；Described sensor is made up of drill collar and the excitation coil being nested on drill collar and detecting electrode,
Wherein, excitation coil is made up of the toroidal core and the coil that is wound on magnetic core of high permeability, and detecting electrode is loop configuration, with
Insulate between drill collar；Described Signal acquiring and processing module mainly by operational amplifier, analog-digital converter and computer according to
It is secondary to connect and compose；Simple alternating current driving source connects excitation coil, the operational amplifier homophase termination of Signal acquiring and processing module
Drill collar, anti-phase termination detecting electrode.Oil base drilling fluid well is separated between logging sensor detecting electrode and stratum to be measured, is bored
Quickly, well and stratum form AC measurment path.
3. equivalent-circuit model
As shown in figure 3, being based on C4D technologies with boring lateral resistivity logging sensor circuit schematic diagram.If pumping signal
For ui, it produces induced potential u on the drill collar of excitation coil both sides, and the voltage forms AC measurment on drill collar, well and stratum
Path, C1Represent the coupled capacitor that detecting electrode is consisted of oil base drilling fluid with the borehole wall, C2Represent excitation coil upside drill collar to lead to
The coupled capacitor that oil base drilling fluid is constituted with the borehole wall is crossed, R represents the resistance on stratum to be measured.Due to relatively low (this of driving frequency
The frequency of text research is between 10kHz to 25kHz), therefore have ignored the dielectric property and Dispersion on stratum.Detecting electrode is flowed into
The electric current i on stratum includes formation resistivity information, and equal to amplifier is flowed through by drill collar, (feedback resistance is rf) and detecting electrode electricity
Stream io, by amplifier by current signal ioIt is converted into voltage signal uo, detect voltage signal uo, and then try to achieve current signal i.
4. simplified model
As shown in figure 4, be the series model of simplified model of the present invention, i.e. well electric capacity C and formation resistivity R, according to the mould
Type can then try to achieve stratum equivalent resistance R, and by the mapping relations of equivalent resistance R electricalresistivityρs formation resistivity ρ can be then tried to achieve.
5.DPSD technologies
As shown in figure 5, the ultimate principle for demodulating the demodulation of orthogonal digital sequence for digital phase-sensitive, if signal uoTurn through modulus
After parallel operation (Analog Digital Converter, ADC), the signal Serial No. of acquisition isIn formula, AoWithRespectively Serial No. amplitude and phase place, N is each cycle
The total points of sampling, n is less than the total points of sampling every time.With pumping signal uiPhase place is to refer to zero phase, then it is 1 to build two-way amplitude
Digital reference signal be respectively:
In formula, RsinN () is the reference signal with pumping signal homophase, RcosN () is the reference letter orthogonal with pumping signal
Number.U (n) is done into computing cross-correlation with two-way reference signal respectively, then two quadrature components U are obtainedxAnd Uy：
By UxAnd UyMeasured signal u can be calculatedoAmplitude and phase place be:
Formation resistivity and resistivity can be tried to achieve according to correlation model.
6. simulation study
In order to verify the effectiveness of built simplified model, and by setting up the mapping relations of equivalent resistance and resistivity, profit
Simulation study is carried out with comsol finite element emulation softwares, has been illustrated in figure 6 to simplified stratigraphic model and actual formation mould
Type has carried out simulation comparison research, and respectively in the case where exciting signal frequency is 10kHz, 15kHz, 20kHz, 25kHz, by emulation
The equivalent resistance R of foundationfElectricalresistivityρfMapping relations, driving frequency, formation resistivity be bigger, solid line (actual formation model)
It is more obvious with respect to dotted line (simplifying stratigraphic model) dispersion, illustrate that simplified model more deviates realistic model, maximum deviation is
2.7%.And when resistivity is in 0～10000 Ω m, maximum deviation is 0.08%, tried to achieve by linear regression within the range
Formation resistivity ρfWith resistance RfMapping relations be represented by ρf=0.2788Rf。
Simulation result shows, in 10～25kHz frequency ranges, in the Ω m (0 of resistivity 0～100000<Rf<361471
In the range of Ω), it is believed that the simplified model set up is effective, and in the Ω m (0 of resistivity 0～10000<Rf<35863Ω)
In the range of, simplified model is with realistic model closely.
7. experimental provision
In order to verify the feasibility of apparatus of the present invention and method, a set of modeling logging experimental provision is built, such as Fig. 7 institutes
Show.Experimental provision mainly includes sensor, a. c. resistance box (simulated formation), simulation well, Signal acquiring and processing module.Its
In, logging sensor mainly includes steel pipe (simulation drill collar), excitation coil (helical loop configuration, include magnetic core), detecting electrode
(loop configuration) is constituted；Simulation well insulation burrel (wrapping up layer of metal foil paper at correspondence detecting electrode) the simulation borehole wall, uses bavin
Oil simulation oil base drilling fluid；A. c. resistance box simulated formation, a. c. resistance box one is used to terminate metal foil paper, the other end directly connects sharp
Encourage the drill collar on the upside of coil；Signal acquiring and processing module mainly include signal generator, discharge circuit, NI data collecting instruments with
Computer, signal generator leads up to excitation coil and provides sinusoidal excitation signal for sensor, and another road is NI data acquisitions
Instrument provides the square wave trigger synchronous with the first via；Digital rising edge zero passage sampling, detection are realized by NI data collecting instruments
The electric current of electrode detection is gathered by NI data collecting instruments and is converted into digital data transmission to computer Jing after discharge circuit amplification
Carry out data processing.
8. experimental result
Using the experimental provision of design, signals collecting experiment is carried out, as a result as shown in Figure 8：
In 500～30000 Ω, each sampled point gathers 5 secondary datas, using the model after correction, tries to achieve measured value R with ginseng
Examine value RcRelative error be：5% (500<Rc≤ 10000 Ω), 3% (10000<Rc≤ 20000 Ω), 2% (20000<Rc≤
30000Ω)。
According to simulation result ρ=0.2791R-4.8 during driving frequency 20kHz, you can try to achieve corresponding resistivity value,
Wherein, the corresponding formation resistivity scope of 500～30000 Ω resistance is 134.8～8368.2 Ω m, and the result is surveyed in engineering
Within the scope of well, it is adaptable to log well on high resistant stratum.
Claims (3)
1. it is a kind of to be based on C4D technologies with boring lateral resistivity logging system, it is characterised in that it is described to survey with boring lateral resistivity
Well system includes stratum to be measured, sensor, Signal acquiring and processing module；Described sensor is by drill collar and is nested in drill collar
On excitation coil and detecting electrode constitute, wherein, excitation coil is made up of toroidal core and the coil being wound on magnetic core, detection
Electrode is to insulate between loop configuration, with drill collar；Described Signal acquiring and processing module includes the simple alternating current being sequentially connected with
Driving source, operational amplifier, analog-digital converter and computer；Simple alternating current driving source connect excitation coil, signals collecting with
Processing module operational amplifier homophase termination drill collar, anti-phase termination detecting electrode, sensor detecting electrode and stratum to be measured it
Between be separated with oil base drilling fluid well, drill collar, well and stratum form AC measurment path.
2. a kind of system as claimed in claim 1 with boring lateral resistivity logging signal detecting method, it is characterised in that by C4D
Technology is used for the outer formation resistivity of non-contact detecting oil base drilling fluid of logging well, between logging sensor detecting electrode and stratum to be measured
Oil base drilling fluid well is separated with, drill collar, well and stratum form AC measurment path model, based on C4The well logging of D technique constructions is handed over
Flow measurement path model, by AC measurment path model connecting for oil base drilling fluid well electric capacity C and formation resistivity R is equivalent to.
3. a kind of system as claimed in claim 1 with boring lateral resistivity logging signal detecting method, it is characterised in that it
Step is as follows：
1) pumping signal of setting simple alternating current driving source isWherein, UiFor sine
Ac-excited signal virtual value, f is simple alternating current exciting signal frequency, and t is time variable, as reference signal, its initial phase
It is set to 0 °；If the excitation coil number of turn is Nt, then in simple alternating current pumping signal uiExcitation under, excitation coil both sides drill collar is inducted
Electromotive force u,U forms electric current i in drill collar, oil base drilling fluid well, stratum constitute AC measurment loop, For the initial phase of electric current i；
2) electric current of operational amplifier and detecting electrode is flowed through for i by drill collaro,The feedback of operational amplifier
Resistance is rf, by operational amplifier by current signal ioIt is converted into voltage signal uo,uoJing moduluses turn
Parallel operation is converted into digital signal uo(n),In formula, AoFor Serial No.
Amplitude, N is the total points of each cycle sampling, and n is less than the total points of sampling every time；Using digital phase-sensitive demodulation techniques to uo(n) carry out
A is tried to achieve in demodulationoWithDetection electric current is then had according to front formulaThe interval on logging sensor detecting electrode and stratum to be measured
There is oil base drilling fluid well, drill collar, well and stratum form AC measurment path model, AC measurment path model is equivalent to
Oil base drilling fluid well electric capacity C connects according to the AC measurment path model with formation resistivity R, then have resistanceWherein, k is model correction coefficient；Electricalresistivityρ=KR can be obtained by field calibration correction, wherein, K is instrument
The mapping relations of table coefficient, i.e. formation resistivity ρ and equivalent resistance R.
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| CN108868743A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-23 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | A kind of resistivity tool |
| CN108957569A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-07 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of resistivity logging while drilling Image-forming instrument experimental simulation device |
| CN109030570A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-12-18 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of Single probe cotton measurement of water ratio electrode |
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| CN113482605A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Onshore drilling electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal transmission characteristic simulation experiment system and onshore drilling electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal transmission characteristic simulation experiment method |
| CN113933534A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-01-14 | 西安理工大学 | Device and method for measuring liquid flowing speed of non-full pipe flow |
| CN117189089A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-12-08 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Calibration method, device and system of look-ahead measurement while drilling equipment |
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| CN111141809A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-05-12 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Soil nutrient ion content detection method based on non-contact type conductivity signal |
| CN112593919A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-02 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | Resistivity correction method and device and storage medium |
| CN113482605A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Onshore drilling electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal transmission characteristic simulation experiment system and onshore drilling electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling signal transmission characteristic simulation experiment method |
| CN113933534A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-01-14 | 西安理工大学 | Device and method for measuring liquid flowing speed of non-full pipe flow |
| CN117189089A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2023-12-08 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Calibration method, device and system of look-ahead measurement while drilling equipment |
| CN117189089B (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2024-06-07 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Calibration method, device and system of look-ahead measurement while drilling equipment |
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