CN104198537A - Method and device for detecting moisture content and electric conductivity of soil - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting moisture content and electric conductivity of soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for detecting moisture content and electric conductivity of soil. The method comprises the following steps: inserting two soil moisture content detecting electrodes into the detected soil; inserting two soil electric conductivity detecting electrodes between the two soil moisture content detecting electrodes; alternately and circularly applying two sine excitation signals with different frequencies to the detected soil; respectively obtaining output voltage values of the detected soil under the two sine excitation signals with different frequencies, calculating a resistance value and a capacitance value of the detected soil by virtue of the output voltage values and solving the soil moisture content according to the resistance value and the capacitance value; and obtaining voltage values and current values of the two soil electric conductivity detecting electrodes under the sine excitation signals with any frequency and solving the electric conductivity of the soil by combining distance parameters between the soil moisture content detecting electrodes and the soil electric conductivity detecting electrodes. The method and device for detecting the moisture content and the electric conductivity of the soil are suitable for quick detection of the moisture content and the electric conductivity of the vehicle-mounted large-area soil and are capable of greatly improving the detection efficiency and reducing the detection cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil moisture content and conductivity detection technique field, be specifically related to a kind of soil moisture content and conductivity detection method and pick-up unit based on bifrequency alternative excitation.
Background technology
The detection method of soil moisture content is existing a lot, as the oven dry weight method that collection soil sample is weighed, can draw the quality water percentage of soil, can obtain again the volumetric water content of soil.According to water, neutron energy is had to the neutron attenuation method compared with overdamp characteristic.According to different its resistance of soil moisture content also different electric-resistivity method.There is the Dielectric Constant of NaCl Soil characteristic method of larger difference according to the specific inductive capacity (being generally 80 left and right under normal temperature) of water and soil skeleton specific inductive capacity (being generally between 3～5 under normal temperature) and dielectric constant of air (being approximately equal to 1), it is the difference that the difference of soil moisture content is reflected in soil dielectric constant, frequency domain decomposition method, time domain reflectometry, standing wave ratio method, capacitance method etc. the method that develops again thus, to measure soil dielectric constant, is extrapolated soil moisture content by the soil dielectric constant of measuring.These methods respectively have its relative merits, are suitable for different application scenarios.In a word, always contradictory of things, simply unreliable, remarkable reliably.
Soil conductivity is salinity, moisture, the content of organic matter, available nutrient, soil texture structure and the isoparametric size of porosity in reflect soil to some extent, is the indispensable important parameter of research soil.The detection method of soil conductivity is divided into two kinds of contactless and contacts.The electromagnetic induction ground conductivity instrument (EM38 series) that non-contact method is produced taking Canadian Geonics limited company, as representative, does not need to contact soil and just can measure, have advantages of measure quick, efficiently, cost is low.But be limited by the measuring principle of electromagnetic induction, relative position, ambient electromagnetic field that instrument is placed, even incidental metal fittings of human body etc. all can cause larger error to detecting.The measured current-voltage four-end method of the contact measurement principle of soil conductivity, it has overcome the shortcoming that contactless electromagnetic induction is measured, but detecting electrode need to be inserted in soil and contacts well with soil.Research shows, the size of soil conductivity is not only relevant with soil salt, and relevant with soil moisture content.Therefore it is very necessary, in detecting soil conductivity, detecting soil moisture content.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of soil moisture content and conductivity detection method and pick-up unit based on bifrequency alternative excitation, to realize vehicle-mounted large area fast detecting soil moisture content and conductivity.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of soil moisture content and conductivity detection method, this detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) two soil moisture content detecting electrodes are inserted in tested soil.
(2) between above-mentioned two soil moisture content detecting electrodes, insert two soil conductivity detecting electrodes, and two soil moisture content detecting electrodes and two soil conductivity detecting electrodes are located along the same line.
(3) tested soil alternate cycles is applied to the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies.
(4) obtain respectively the output voltage values of tested soil under the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies, output voltage values by the tested soil obtaining respectively under the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies, calculate resistance value and the capacitance of tested soil in conjunction with input voltage value and circuit parameter, and according to the resistance value of tested soil and capacitance, try to achieve soil moisture content.
(5) obtain magnitude of voltage and the current value under the sinusoidal excitation signal of arbitrary frequency between two soil conductivity detecting electrodes, and in conjunction with the distance parameter between soil moisture content detecting electrode and soil conductivity detecting electrode, try to achieve soil conductivity.
The invention still further relates to a kind of soil moisture content of above-mentioned detection method and pick-up unit of conductivity detection method of adopting.This pick-up unit comprises that host computer, single-chip microcomputer, bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating, soil moisture content detect control circuit, soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks, soil moisture content detecting electrode, soil moisture content testing circuit, soil conductivity detecting electrode, soil conductivity testing circuit and A/D change-over circuit.
Specifically, described host computer is connected alternately with single-chip microcomputer.
Described single-chip microcomputer, its input/output terminal detects control circuit with water percentage and is connected alternately, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating, and its input end is connected with the output terminal of A/D change-over circuit.
Described bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating, its output terminal detects control circuit topworks by soil moisture content and is connected with the input end of soil moisture content detecting electrode; The input end that described soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks is connected with the output terminal that soil moisture content detects control circuit.
Described soil moisture content detecting electrode, its output terminal is connected with the input end of water percentage testing circuit; Described soil moisture content testing circuit, its output terminal is connected with the input end of A/D change-over circuit.
Described soil conductivity detecting electrode is connected with the input end of soil conductivity testing circuit; Described soil conductivity testing circuit, its output terminal is connected with the input end of A/D change-over circuit.
Further, described soil moisture content detecting electrode, soil conductivity detecting electrode are paired setting, and two soil conductivity detecting electrodes that arrange are in pairs between two soil moisture content detecting electrodes that arrange in pairs.
Further, described bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating comprises the first separate sinusoidal excitation signal source and the second sinusoidal excitation signal source, and the first sinusoidal excitation signal source is different with the frequency in the second sinusoidal excitation signal source.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention adopts bifrequency sinusoidal signal alternate cycles repeatedly tested soil to be encouraged, and can obtain resistance value and the capacitance of tested soil simultaneously.The resistance value of soil, has reflected the conductive capability of soil to a certain extent, and it is relevant with soil salt, moisture, the content of organic matter, available nutrient, soil texture structure and porosity etc.The capacitance of soil, the to a certain extent volumetric(al) moisture content of reflect soil.
(2) the present invention, in detecting soil moisture content, adopts current-voltage four-end method to detect soil conductivity.Because can obtain two soil conductivities under different frequency sinusoidal excitation signal, so can pass through the difference size of two soil conductivities, carry out the kind difference of solubility salinity in reflect soil to some extent.
(3) the present invention is obtained soil moisture content, soil conductivity and is analyzed other soil characteristic by the mode that adopts direct-detection electric resistance of soil, electric capacity, conductivity, be specially adapted to vehicle-mounted large area fast detecting soil moisture content and conductivity, can greatly improve detection efficiency, reduce testing cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system chart of soil moisture content and conductivity detector in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is soil moisture content detecting electrode and soil conductivity detecting electrode distribution schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of soil moisture content detection method in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of soil conductivity detection method in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the simplification implementation system block diagram of soil moisture content and conductivity detector in the present invention.
Wherein:
1, host computer, 2, single-chip microcomputer, 3, soil moisture content detects control circuit, 4, bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating, 5, soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks, 6, soil moisture content testing circuit, and 7, soil moisture content detecting electrode, 8, soil conductivity detecting electrode, 9, soil conductivity testing circuit, 10, A/D change-over circuit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
A kind of soil moisture content and conductivity detection method, this detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) two soil moisture content detecting electrodes are inserted in tested soil.
(2) between above-mentioned two soil moisture content detecting electrodes, insert two soil conductivity detecting electrodes, and two soil moisture content detecting electrodes and two soil conductivity detecting electrodes are located along the same line.
(3) tested soil alternate cycles is applied to the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies.
(4) obtain respectively the output voltage values of tested soil under the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies, output voltage values by the tested soil obtaining respectively under the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies, calculate resistance value and the capacitance of tested soil in conjunction with input voltage value and circuit parameter, and according to the resistance value of tested soil and capacitance, try to achieve soil moisture content.
(5) obtain magnitude of voltage and the current value under the sinusoidal excitation signal of arbitrary frequency between two soil conductivity detecting electrodes, and in conjunction with the distance parameter between soil moisture content detecting electrode and soil conductivity detecting electrode, try to achieve soil conductivity.
Further, two soil moisture content detecting electrodes and two soil conductivity detecting electrodes are the metal electrode that can insert soil.Above-mentioned four electrodes are straight line and equidistantly distribute, and two soil moisture content detecting electrodes are on both sides, and two soil conductivity detecting electrodes are in centre.In addition,, carrying out in soil moisture content and conductivity testing process, more than above-mentioned four electrodes at least being inserted to soil 10 ㎝, and it is contacted with soil.
Further, the described detailed process that tested soil alternate cycles is applied to the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies is: the sinusoidal excitation signal of establishing two different frequencies is respectively ui1 and ui2.First,, by test of many times, determine the time interval t of the sinusoidal excitation signal that alternately applies two different frequencies.Then, according to first t time span ui1, t time span ui2, or first t time span ui2 again, t time span ui1 circulation applies sinusoidal excitation signal to tested soil again, finish until detect.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, the invention still further relates to a kind of soil moisture content of above-mentioned detection method and pick-up unit of conductivity detection method of adopting.This pick-up unit comprises that host computer 1, single-chip microcomputer 2, bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4, soil moisture content detect control circuit 3, soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks 5, soil moisture content detecting electrode 7, soil moisture content testing circuit 6, soil conductivity detecting electrode 8, soil conductivity testing circuit 9 and A/D change-over circuit 10.
Specifically, described host computer, soil moisture content and conductivity are detected to data gathers and transmission, and the detection data that single-chip microcomputer is obtained is processed, is shown and storage for carrying out communication, control single chip computer with single-chip microcomputer.Described single-chip microcomputer, detects control circuit for controlling bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating and soil moisture content, and obtains the data after the conversion of A/D change-over circuit from soil moisture content testing circuit and soil conductivity testing circuit.Described bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal, for generation of the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies, and puts on tested soil, soil moisture content testing circuit and soil conductivity detecting electrode by soil moisture content detecting electrode.Described soil moisture content testing circuit, for obtaining the output signal under the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies.According to the detection data of soil moisture content testing circuit, and can try to achieve resistance and the electric capacity of tested soil in conjunction with sinusoidal excitation signal, the soil moisture content testing circuit parameter etc. of two different frequencies.Described soil conductivity testing circuit, for detection of voltage under the sinusoidal excitation signal of different frequency, between two soil conductivity detecting electrodes.According to the detection data of soil conductivity testing circuit, and in conjunction with the distance parameter between current value, two soil moisture content detecting electrodes, two soil conductivity detecting electrodes, can calculate the size of soil conductivity.
Further, described host computer 1 is connected alternately with single-chip microcomputer 2.Described single-chip microcomputer 2, its input/output terminal detects control circuit 3 with soil moisture content and is connected alternately, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4, input end is connected with the output terminal of A/D change-over circuit 10.Described bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4, its output terminal detects control circuit topworks 5 by soil moisture content and is connected with the input end of soil moisture content detecting electrode 7; The input end that described soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks 5 is connected with the output terminal that soil moisture content detects control circuit 3.Described soil moisture content detecting electrode 7, its output terminal is connected with the input end of water percentage testing circuit 6; Described soil moisture content testing circuit 6, its output terminal is connected with the input end of A/D change-over circuit 10.Described soil conductivity detecting electrode 8 is connected with the input end of soil conductivity testing circuit 9; Described soil conductivity testing circuit 9, its output terminal is connected with the input end of A/D change-over circuit 10.
Further, described soil moisture content detecting electrode 7, soil conductivity detecting electrode 8 are paired setting, and two soil conductivity detecting electrodes 8 that arrange are in pairs between two soil moisture content detecting electrodes 7 that arrange in pairs.
Further, described bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4 comprises the first separate sinusoidal excitation signal source u
i1with the second sinusoidal excitation signal source u
i2, and the first sinusoidal excitation signal source u
i1with the second sinusoidal excitation signal source u
i2frequency difference.
It is conventional power driving circuit that described soil moisture content detects control circuit 3, its effect is that the signal that single-chip microcomputer 2 is exported carries out power amplification, to there are enough power drive soil moisture contents to detect control circuit topworks 5, it is conventional relay that described soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks 5.
Described soil moisture content testing circuit 6 is conventional high-frequency filter circuit, and object is filtering interfering clutter, improves accuracy of detection.
Described soil conductivity testing circuit 9 is conventional high-frequency filter circuit, and object is filtering interfering clutter, improves accuracy of detection.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 2, host computer 1 control single chip computer 2 gathers and sends soil moisture content and conductivity detection data.Host computer 1 receives the detection data of single-chip microcomputer 2 and processes, stores and show detecting data.Single-chip microcomputer 2 transmits control signal, and control bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4 and soil moisture content detect control circuit 3 and work.The bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal that bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4 produces puts in tested soil and on soil moisture content testing circuit 6 by a pair of soil moisture content detecting electrode 7 keeping at a certain distance away detect the gating of control circuit topworks 5 by soil moisture content after again.The signal that soil moisture content testing circuit 6 obtains is gathered by single-chip microcomputer 2 after 10 conversions of A/D change-over circuit.Put on the bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal in tested soil by soil moisture content detecting electrode 7, on a pair of soil conductivity detecting electrode 8 keeping at a certain distance away, produce corresponding voltage signal.This voltage signal is detected by soil conductivity testing circuit 9 and is gathered by single-chip microcomputer 2 after A/D change-over circuit 10 is changed.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of soil moisture content detection method, and wherein the amplitude of the first sinusoidal excitation signal source ui1 is Ui1, and angular frequency is ω 1, and internal resistance is r1.The amplitude of the second sinusoidal excitation signal source ui2 is Ui2, and angular frequency is ω 2, and internal resistance is r2.The electric capacity of tested soil is Cx, and the resistance of tested soil is Rx.R is load sample resistance, and U0 is the output voltage on load sample resistance R.As shown in Figure 3, detect under the control of control circuit 3 at soil moisture content, soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks 5 and makes K switch and a end closure, disconnects with b end.The output voltage of now establishing resistance R two ends is u
o1, so
X in formula (1)
1for at sinusoidal excitation signal u
i1the reactance of the lower tested soil of excitation.
After elapsed time interval t, detect under the control of control circuit 3 at soil moisture content, soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks 5 and makes K switch and a end disconnection, closed with b end, and the output voltage of now establishing resistance R two ends is u
o2, so
X in formula (2)
2for at sinusoidal excitation signal u
i2the reactance of the lower tested soil of excitation.
Again because:
Obtained by formula (3) and (4)
By formula (1), (2), substitution formula (5), (6) just obtain respectively
By c
xcan obtain relative dielectric constant ε
r:
ε
r＝Cx/k (9)
(9) in formula, k is the constant of the distance dependent between a pair of soil moisture content detecting electrode 6 structural parameters and two electrodes.
Soil moisture content and relative dielectric constant ε
rbetween relation can adopt Topp formula calculate:
θ
V(ε
r)＝-5.3+2.92ε
r-0.055ε
r 2+0.00043ε
r 3 (10)
In formula (10), θ V (ε
r) be and soil relative dielectric constant ε
rrelevant soil moisture content, the % of unit (V/V).
Also and between electric resistance of soil, have quantitative relationship, its relation can be expressed as soil moisture content:
In formula (11), θ
v(R
ac) be and electric resistance of soil R
acrelevant soil moisture content, the % of unit (V/V); R
acfor electric resistance of soil value, k
1and k
2for the constant relevant with testing agency structural parameters, soil types etc.
The unified model that compatible electric resistance of soil and capacitance detecting data can obtain soil moisture content is:
θ
V＝αθ
V(ε
r)+βθ
V(R
ac) (12)
In formula (12), θ
vfor soil moisture content, α, β are constant and alpha+beta=1.
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of soil conductivity detection method.Wherein, P is soil moisture content detecting electrode and applies one of electrode for soil conductivity detects pumping signal; Q is soil moisture content detecting electrode and applies two of electrode for soil conductivity detects pumping signal; M is one of soil conductivity detecting electrode; N is two of soil conductivity detecting electrode.As shown in Figure 4, four electrode P, Q, M and N are set respectively on same straight line.The electrode P keeping at a certain distance away and electrode Q are as soil moisture content detecting electrode 7.One end that electrode P detects control circuit topworks 5 and exciting signal source through soil moisture content is connected, and electrode Q is connected with one end of load sample resistance R, and the other end of load sample resistance R is connected with the other end of exciting signal source, thereby forms current return.Loop current i can be by the voltage U at load sample resistance R two ends
0obtain divided by resistance R.The electrode M keeping at a certain distance away and electrode N, between electrode P and electrode Q.By soil conductivity testing circuit 9, the voltage between electrode M and electrode N is detected, the conductivityσ of tested soil is:
σ＝{[(1/d
PM-1/d
PN)+(1/d
QN-1/d
QM)]/(2π)}×i/V
MN (13)
In formula (13), d
pMfor electrode P is to the distance between electrode M, d
pNfor electrode P is to the distance between electrode N, d
qNfor electrode Q is to the distance between electrode N, d
qMfor electrode Q is to the distance between electrode M, V
mNfor the voltage between electrode M and electrode N, i is loop current, and i=Uo/R.
Fig. 5 is the simplification implementation system block diagram of soil moisture content and conductivity detector in the present invention.Different from aforementioned embodiments: in the present embodiment, not have soil moisture content to detect control circuit 3 and soil moisture content detection control circuit topworks 5, directly send an instruction to bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4 by single-chip microcomputer 2, making it produce angular frequency is the sinusoidal excitation signal ui1 of ω 1, put on soil moisture content detecting electrode 7, single-chip microcomputer 2 gathers the detection data from A/D change-over circuit 10 simultaneously, and data are marked, after delay time t, single-chip microcomputer 2 interrupts last instruction, send again an instruction to bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating 4, making it produce angular frequency is the sinusoidal excitation signal ui2 of ω 2, put on soil moisture content detecting electrode 7, single-chip microcomputer 2 gathers the detection data from A/D change-over circuit 10 simultaneously, and data are made to different marks, again after delay time t, repeat said process, can obtain the real-time detector data continuously of soil moisture content and conductivity.
Above-described embodiment is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention, all should fall in the definite protection domain of the claims in the present invention book.
Claims (2)
1. soil moisture content and a conductivity detection method, is characterized in that: this detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) two soil moisture content detecting electrodes are inserted in tested soil;
(2) between above-mentioned two soil moisture content detecting electrodes, insert two soil conductivity detecting electrodes, and two soil moisture content detecting electrodes and two soil conductivity detecting electrodes are located along the same line;
(3) tested soil alternate cycles is applied to the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies;
(4) obtain respectively the output voltage values of tested soil under the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies, output voltage values by the tested soil obtaining respectively under the sinusoidal excitation signal of two different frequencies, calculate resistance value and the capacitance of tested soil in conjunction with input voltage value and circuit parameter, and according to the resistance value of tested soil and capacitance, try to achieve soil moisture content;
(5) obtain magnitude of voltage and the current value under the sinusoidal excitation signal of arbitrary frequency between two soil conductivity detecting electrodes, and in conjunction with the distance parameter between soil moisture content detecting electrode and soil conductivity detecting electrode, try to achieve soil conductivity.
2. the pick-up unit of a kind of soil moisture content according to claim 1 and conductivity detection method, is characterized in that: comprise that host computer (1), single-chip microcomputer (2), bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating (4), soil moisture content detect control circuit (3), soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks (5), soil moisture content detecting electrode (7), soil moisture content testing circuit (6), soil conductivity detecting electrode (8), soil conductivity testing circuit (9) and A/D change-over circuit (10);
Described host computer (1) is connected alternately with single-chip microcomputer (2);
Described single-chip microcomputer (2), its input/output terminal detects control circuit (3) with soil moisture content and is connected alternately, its output terminal is connected with the input end of bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating (4), and its input end is connected with the output terminal of A/D change-over circuit (10);
Described bifrequency sinusoidal excitation signal circuit for generating (4), its output terminal detects control circuit topworks (5) by soil moisture content and is connected with the input end of soil moisture content detecting electrode (7); The input end that described soil moisture content detects control circuit topworks (5) is connected with the output terminal that soil moisture content detects control circuit (3);
Described soil moisture content detecting electrode (7), its output terminal is connected with the input end of soil moisture content testing circuit (6); Described soil moisture content testing circuit (6), its output terminal is connected with the input end of A/D change-over circuit (10);
Described soil conductivity detecting electrode (8) is connected with the input end of soil conductivity testing circuit (9); Described soil conductivity testing circuit (9), its output terminal is connected with the input end of A/D change-over circuit (10).
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